<p>Denna rapport behandlar ett examensarbete på D-nivå inom produkt ochprocessutveckling utfört av en student på Mälardalens högskola från oktober 2008 tillmars 2009. Examensarbetet utfördes i samarbete med det svenska företaget EBSSweden AB. Detta är en censurerad version av den fullständiga rapporten. Bilder påden färdiga designen samt vissa bilder från konceptgenereringen är borttagna på EBSbegäran. Även ritningsunderlaget i bilagorna är borttagna.EBS utvecklar förstärkare, högtalare, effektpedaler samt annan utrustning förprofessionella och halvprofessionella basister.Syftet med examensarbetet var att formge en basförstärkare med fokus påanvändarvänlighet och ergonomi kopplat till ett specifikt företag och deraskundgrupp. Förstärkaren skulle vara programmerbar och dess utseende skulle gå attförändra för att passa olika basister alternativt en basists olika behov på visuelltuttryck. Examensarbetet gav studenten en möjlighet att applicera kunskaper sominhämtats under studietiden på ett skarpt projekt utanför högskolan.Examensarbetet inleddes med en förstudie där en enkätundersökning gjordes med depotentiella kunderna/användarna. Utöver detta studerades även EBS produktkatalogoch en analys gjordes av deras konkurrenter i den aktuella produktkategorin.Ett konceptförslag på förstärkarens design togs fram genom nyttjandet av fleraproduktutvecklingsverktyg och informationen från förstudien.Resultatet blev en kompakt förstärkare vars utseende är kraftfullt men ändå attraktivtför olika typer av basister. Förstärkarens utseende kan anpassas för olika behovgenom rackmontering med hjälp av rackvinklar och montering i en specialanpassadlåda för rockbasister som vill ha ett mer klassiskt utseende.Slutsatserna av examensarbetet visar att det finns många delade meningar omdesignen av EBS förstärkare. Detta gör att det finns mycket för EBS att vinna på attutveckla en förstärkare vars utseende går att byta.Det finns även mycket att vinna med den flexibilitet en programmerbar förstärkaremedför. Men denna funktion medför även svårigheter för användaren. EBSrekommenderas där att kartlägga hur stort behovet för denna funktion är så att denkan optimeras för bästa möjliga användarvänlighet.</p>

<p>Målet med detta examensarbete var att hitta, utvärdera och rekommendera ett nytt uppföljningsprogram för komponenter åt SOS Flygambulans. Genom kontakt med andra flygbolag hittades några olika program. Bland dem valdes två stycken ut som mest lämpade för SOS Flygambulans. Dessa två program var MTrax och CAMS. Med hjälp av demos från tillverkarna av programmen kunde de undersökas och beskrivas. Fördelar och nackdelar med varje program togs fram med utgångspunkt från en lista med krav på ett nytt program från företaget. De jämfördes sedan med varandra och med kravlistan. Jämförelsen resulterade i att MTrax rekommenderades. Den största orsaken till det var att det är ett litet program som sköter uppföljningen av komponenter på ett bra och enkelt sätt. Det är lätt att lära sig utan att någon utbildning behövs och det kan enkelt skötas av vem som helst.</p> / <p>The goal with this thesis was to find, evaluate and recommend a new follow-up computer program for components for SOS Flygambulans. Through contacts with other airline companies some programs were found. Among them two were chosen as the most suited for SOS Flygambulans. These two programs were MTrax ad CAMS. With the help of demos from the manufacturers of the programs they could be examined and described. Pros and cons with each program were listed on the basis of a list with requirements on a new program from the company. They were then compared with eachother and the requirementlist. The comparison resulted in the recommendation of MTrax. The biggest reason was that it is a small program that takes care of the follow-up of components in a god and simple way. It is easy to learn without the need for any education and it can easily be managed by anyone.</p>

<p>Algorithmica Research AB develops software application for the financial markets. One of their products is Quantlab that is a tool for quantitative analyses. An effective method to value several financial instruments is Monte Carlo simulation. Since it is a common method Algorithmica is interesting in investigating if it is possible to create a Monte Carlo framework.</p><p>A requirement from Algorithmica is that the framework is general and this is the main problem to solve. It is difficult to generate a generalized framework because financial derivatives have very different appearances. To simplify the framework the thesis will be delimitated to European style derivatives where the underlying asset is following a Geometric Brownian Motion.</p><p>The definition of the problem and delimitation were defined gradually, in parallel with the review of literature, this to be able to decide what purpose, and delimitations that is reasonable to treat. Standard Monte Carlo requires a large number of trials and is therefore slow. To speed up the process there exist different variance reduction techniques and also Quasi Monte Carlo simulation, where deterministic numbers (low discrepancy sequences) is used instead of random. The thesis investigated the variance reduction techniques; control variate technique, antithetic variate technique, and the low discrepancy sequences; Sobol, Faure and Halton.</p><p>Three test instruments were chosen to test the framework, an Asian option and a Barrier option where the purpose is to conclude which Monte Carle method that performs best, and also a structured product; Smart Start, that is more complex and the purpose is to test that the framework can handle it.</p><p>To increase the understanding of the theory the Halton, Faure and Sobol sequence were implemented in Quantlab in parallel with the review of literature. The Halton and Faure sequences also seemed to perform worse than Sobol so they were not further analyzed.</p><p>The developing of the framework was an iterative process. The chosen solution is to design a general framework by using five function pointers; the path generator, the payoff function, the stop criterion function and the volatility and interest rates. The user specifies these functions by him/her given some obligatory input and output values. It is not a problem-free solution to use function pointers and several conflicts and issues are defined, therefore it is not recommended to implement the framework as it is designed today.</p><p>In parallel with the developing of the framework several experiments on the Asian and Barrier options were performed with varying result and it is not possible to draw a conclusion on which method that is best. Often Sobol seems to converge better and fluctuates less than standard Monte Carlo. The literature indicates that it is important that the user has an understanding of the instrument that should be valued, the stochastic process it follows and the advantages and disadvantages of different Monte Carlo methods. It is recommended to evaluate the different method with experiments, before deciding which method to use when valuing a new derivative.</p>

No description available.

<p>Trafiksimulering är ett användbart verktyg då olika typer av vägar ska studeras. Statens väg och transportforskningsinstitut, VTI, har under de senaste åren utvecklat en ny landsvägssimuleringsmodell, Rural Road Traffic Simulator (RuTSim) (Tapani 2005). För att en simuleringsmodell ska vara användbar måste den ge en god överrensstämmelse mot verkligheten. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att utvärdera RuTSim, genom att kalibrera och validera två 2+1-vägar och en vanlig landsväg med mötande trafik. Detta både för en implementerad frifordonsmodell samt befintlig modell med trafikinteraktioner. Resultatet visar att frifordonsmodellen är valid för simulering av de studerade vägsträckorna. Vad gäller modellen med trafikinteraktioner uppvisar RuTSim brister i omkörningsmodellen, vävning mellan två och ett körfält och i car-followingmodellen. De brister som finns i modellen går troligtvis att åtgärda och god överrensstämmelse mot verkligheten kan då erhållas.</p>

Embedded network software has become increasingly interesting for both research and business as more and more networked embedded systems emerge. Well-known infrastructure protocol stacks are reimplemented on new embedded hardware and software architectures. New requirements of modern applications and devices require to implement newly designed or revised protocols. However, implementing protocol stacks for embedded systems remains a time-consuming and error-prone task due to the complexity and performancecritical nature of network software. It is even more so when targeting resource constrained embedded systems: implementations have to minimize energy consumption, memory usage etc., while programming efficiency is needed to improve on time-to-market, scalability, maintainability and product evolution. Therefore, it is worth researching on how to make protocol stack implementations for embedded systems both easier and more likely to be correct within the resource limits. In the work presented in this thesis, we take a language-based approach and aim to facilitate the implementation of protocol stacks while realizing performance demands and being aware of energy consumption and memory usage within the constraints imposed by embedded systems. We give background on DSL implementation techniques, investigate common practices in network protocol development to determine the potential of domain-specifi languages (DSLs) for embedded network software, and propose a domain-specifi embedded language (DSEL), Protege (Protocol Implementation Generator), for declaratively describing overlaid protocol stacks. In Protege, a high-level packet specification is dually compiled into an internal data representation for protocol logic implementation, and packet processing methods which are then integrated into the dataflow framework of a protocol overlay specification. Constructs for finite state machines allow to specify protocol logic in a concise manner, close to the protocol specification style. Protege specifications are compiled to highly portable C code for various architectures. Four attached scientific papers report our main results in more detail: an embedded implementation of the data description calculus in Haskell, a compilation framework for generating packet processing code with overlays, the domain-specific language Protege in overview (including embedding techniques and runtime system features), and a real-world case study implementing an industrial application protocol. / Dimiter Driankov is the Director of Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems center (AASS), Örebro University

Organic solar cells have emerged as an important cheap photovoltaic technology. In this thesis work, a study of P3HT:PCBM heterojunction solar cells was presented. By incorporation of photo-active film slow growth, PEDOT:PSS (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate)) de-water treatment and application of highly conductive PEDOT:PSS (HC-PEDOT), a maximum PCE (power conversion efficiency) of 4% was achieved. Inkjet printing technique was on the other hand introduced into fabrication process. The morphological, electrical and optical properties of printed HC-PEDOT were investigated. Fine silver girds with well-designed pattern, combining with a transparent thin film of HC-PEDOT, was inkjet-printed to form the anode of solar cells. A functional device with printed anode and printed photo-active layer was demonstrated, showing the possibility of realizing fully printed organic solar cells.

In order to reach the environmental targets, set up by the EU, there are many measures taken to make Sweden more energy efficient. In the housing and real estate sector, an installation of an exhaust air heat pump that reuses the heat in the exhaust air in order to lower the amount of acquired energy, is an example of such an action. The recovered energy can then be used for heating of radiators and tap water. This report aims to evaluate and compare three different systems using exhaust air heat pumps regarding COP, degree of coverage and cost savings. This study was delimited to only account for apartment buildings.The theory chapter describes the different conditions and factors that affect a building’s energy balance. Further on the exhaust air heat pump is described with focus on function, limitations and advantages regarding energy savings.The first one is located on Västergatan 21 in Växjö and uses recirculation of the exhaust air to increase the air flow through the heat pump. The second system is installed on Toras väg in Karlskrona. This system uses a mix of exhaust air and outside air. The last system on Södra järnvägsgatan in Växjö only uses the exhaust air in its heat pump.The COP for the different installations was 1,89 for Toras väg (average), 3,14 and 3,47 for Västergatan and 3,80 for S. järnvägsgatan for the respective period. The degree of coverage for the installations was in the interval 56,3 – 91,0% and the cost savings was between 4 900 SEK to 8 600 SEK per month for the observed period of each building. / För att nå EU:s miljömål utförs många olika energieffektiviseringsåtgärder runt om i Sverige. I bostads och fastighetssektorn är ett exempel på en åtgärd installation av frånluftsvärmepumpar som återvinner värme i frånluften på fastigheterna och därmed sänker andelen inköpt energi. Den upptagna värmen kan användas för uppvärmning av radiatorer och tappvatten. Denna rapport syftar till att utvärdera och jämföra tre olika frånluftvärmepumpsystem med avseende på COP, täckningsgrad och kostnadsbesparing. Studien avgränsades till att endast beröra flerbostadshus.Teoriavsnittet beskriver de olika omständigheter och faktorer som påverkar en byggnads energibalans. Vidare beskrivs frånluftsvärmepumparnas funktion, begränsningar och fördelar gällande energibesparingar.Det första systemet finns på Västergatan 21 i Växjö och använder sig av återcirkulation av frånluften för att öka luftflödet genom värmepumpen. Det andra systemet på Toras väg i Karlskrona använder ett luftflöde som är en mix av från- och uteluft. Det sista systemet på Södra järnvägsgatan i Växjö använder endast ett rent frånluftsflöde.COP-verkningsgraden för de olika installationerna var 1,89 för Toras väg (genomsnitt), mellan 3,14 och 3,47 för Västergatan samt 3,80 för S. järnvägsgatan för respektive period. Täckningsgraden för installationerna låg i intervallet 56,3 – 91,0 % och kostnadsbesparingen var mellan 4 900 kr till 8 600 kr per månad för den observerade perioden.

This report is the result of a master thesis work which has been carried out at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB (SIT). The aim of the study has been to examine the possibilities of improving the internal material handling at SIT by making the flow of materials more efficient. SIT develops, manufacture and sell steam and gas turbines to industrial customers all over the world. The site in Finspång consists of a number of workshops which are geographical spread across a fairly large area. This creates a need for material movements and transports that does not add any value to the final products being made. To examine the possibilities of making the material handling at SIT more efficient, a description of the present situation and a mapping of the internal material flows have been made. With the mapping as a starting point, a proposal for how to improve the material flow is presented and analyzed regarding both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The proposal, which is overarching and describes general effects rather than details, suggests that SIT relocate the core engine assembly department from the area called “Centrum” to the area called “Norrmalm” and locate the incoming goods area as close as possible to the place of the consumption of the material. The analysis of the mapping shows that there is 180 kilometers of internal transports at SIT every week. In this distance, transport between different departments and different working stations in the same building, are not included. The need for transports exists mainly because of the fact that SIT has its incoming goods area located at Norrmalm, approximately 2.2 kilometers away from its warehouse building and by implementing the proposal given in this work, the weekly transport distance will decrease by 60 percent. Apart from the decrease in distance, the change will also make it possible to simplify the goods receiving process.

Algorithmica Research AB develops software application for the financial markets. One of their products is Quantlab that is a tool for quantitative analyses. An effective method to value several financial instruments is Monte Carlo simulation. Since it is a common method Algorithmica is interesting in investigating if it is possible to create a Monte Carlo framework. A requirement from Algorithmica is that the framework is general and this is the main problem to solve. It is difficult to generate a generalized framework because financial derivatives have very different appearances. To simplify the framework the thesis will be delimitated to European style derivatives where the underlying asset is following a Geometric Brownian Motion. The definition of the problem and delimitation were defined gradually, in parallel with the review of literature, this to be able to decide what purpose, and delimitations that is reasonable to treat. Standard Monte Carlo requires a large number of trials and is therefore slow. To speed up the process there exist different variance reduction techniques and also Quasi Monte Carlo simulation, where deterministic numbers (low discrepancy sequences) is used instead of random. The thesis investigated the variance reduction techniques; control variate technique, antithetic variate technique, and the low discrepancy sequences; Sobol, Faure and Halton. Three test instruments were chosen to test the framework, an Asian option and a Barrier option where the purpose is to conclude which Monte Carle method that performs best, and also a structured product; Smart Start, that is more complex and the purpose is to test that the framework can handle it. To increase the understanding of the theory the Halton, Faure and Sobol sequence were implemented in Quantlab in parallel with the review of literature. The Halton and Faure sequences also seemed to perform worse than Sobol so they were not further analyzed. The developing of the framework was an iterative process. The chosen solution is to design a general framework by using five function pointers; the path generator, the payoff function, the stop criterion function and the volatility and interest rates. The user specifies these functions by him/her given some obligatory input and output values. It is not a problem-free solution to use function pointers and several conflicts and issues are defined, therefore it is not recommended to implement the framework as it is designed today. In parallel with the developing of the framework several experiments on the Asian and Barrier options were performed with varying result and it is not possible to draw a conclusion on which method that is best. Often Sobol seems to converge better and fluctuates less than standard Monte Carlo. The literature indicates that it is important that the user has an understanding of the instrument that should be valued, the stochastic process it follows and the advantages and disadvantages of different Monte Carlo methods. It is recommended to evaluate the different method with experiments, before deciding which method to use when valuing a new derivative.