Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-11-09T11:21:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Lima e Silva.pdf: 1714700 bytes, checksum: 99c243ae918a1ceffa24a8363b3a2bf2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T11:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Lima e Silva.pdf: 1714700 bytes, checksum: 99c243ae918a1ceffa24a8363b3a2bf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research has as central focus the teaching of Philosophy in interlocution with Art. This study aims to investigate the curricular dimension of the discipline of Philosophy throughout history, as well as the potential of the object of Art and its formative character in Philosophy. The understanding of Art as a communicative, perceptive and reflexive resource in the educational process in Philosophy is emphasized as presupposing in this dimension, being this one conceived in a dialogical way and having the teacher as an important mediator of that process. In this bias, the hypothesis is assumed that the treatment given to the object of Art in the classroom can exceed the usual sense of illustration or sensitization and characterizes the teaching of Philosophy supported in the interlocution of knowledge. The reflections developed on the meaning of Art in the teaching of Philosophy, have repercussions on an exploratory process on the role of didactic book in the process of interlocution of knowledge. The investigations were carried out having as object the didactic book Filosofia: experiência do pensamento (2014), since it contains subsidies for a critical reading on the interlocution between Art and Philosophy, given its differentiated structure in the presentation of the philosophical problems that brings a considerable number of pieces of Art used in the formative process in Philosophy. The analysis has as premise that the didactic material reflects educational intentionalities and it i still an instrument that subsidizes teaching practices. Finally, the research recognizes the place of aesthetics as a language that provides knowledge through art, not only restricted to the contemplation or apprehension of beauty, but rather as an important element in the process of building philosophical knowledge / A presente pesquisa tem como foco central o ensino de Filosofia em interlocução com a Arte. Este estudo se propõe a investigar a dimensão curricular da disciplina de Filosofia ao longo da história, assim como o potencial do objeto de Arte e seu caráter formador em Filosofia. Enfatiza-se como pressuposto nessa dimensão a compreensão da Arte como recurso comunicativo, perceptivo e reflexivo no processo educativo em Filosofia, sendo este concebido de modo dialógico e tendo o professor como importante mediador de tal processo. Neste viés, assume-se a hipótese de que o tratamento dado ao objeto de Arte em sala de aula pode ultrapassar o sentido usual de ilustração ou sensibilização e caracteriza o ensino de Filosofia respaldado na interlocução de saberes. As reflexões desenvolvidas sobre o significado da Arte no ensino de Filosofia, repercutem em um processo exploratório sobre o papel do livro didático no processo de interlocução de saberes. As investigações foram realizadas tendo como objeto o livro didático Filosofia: experiência do pensamento (2014), por conter subsídios para uma leitura crítica sobre a interlocução entre Arte e Filosofia, dada sua estrutura diferenciada na apresentação das problemáticas filosóficas que traz um número considerável de peças de Arte utilizadas no processo formativo em Filosofia. As análises têm como premissa que o material didático reflete intencionalidades educativas e ainda é um instrumento que subsidia práticas de ensino. Por fim, a pesquisa reconhece o lugar da estética enquanto linguagem que propicia um conhecimento por meio da Arte, não restrito à contemplação ou à apreensão do belo, mas sim, como um elemento importante no processo de construção de saberes filosóficos

Esta pesquisa, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, teve como objetivo propor um conjunto de diretrizes editoriais avaliadas e hierarquizadas para projeto de livro didático digital interativo para tablets com ênfase em livros com volume de texto. Para tanto, a revisão de literatura abordou as áreas principais de Design envolvidas no objeto em questão, tais como Interface, Interação, e Editorial (impresso e digital), sendo esta última, o foco da pesquisa. Para a obtenção e sistematização das diretrizes, empregou-se o método Mapas de Conceitos (TROCHIM, 1989) composto por cinco etapas: i. Preparação das referências – seleção de 34 referências da literatura acadêmica, sites/blogs de editoras, designers, sistemas operacionais que apresentassem diretrizes de design editorial tanto impresso quanto digital. ii. Compilação das diretrizes – listagem inicial de 1052 diretrizes pesquisadas que após oito iterações de análise de redução, aglutinação e agrupamentos, foi reduzida para 78 diretrizes redigidas e sistematizadas em cinco grupos temáticos. iii. Estruturação das diretrizes – foram levantadas informações sobre similaridade conceitual entre as diretrizes compiladas bem como avaliação da utilidade das mesmas para este tipo de publicação. Esta etapa ocorreu mediante técnica de card sorting aplicada a 15 especialistas da área editorial. iv. Representação das diretrizes – os dados coletados no card sorting passaram por análises de escala multidimensional (MDS) e hierárquica de grupo (HCA), as quais possibilitaram representar as relações conceituais entre diretrizes e grupos mediante mapas de conceito e dendogramas. E v. Interpretação dos mapas e dendogramas resultantes. Esse processo resultou, posteriormente à realização de todas as etapas e onze iterações, em um conjunto de 60 diretrizes, avaliadas pelos especialistas, sistematizadas em quatro grupos temáticos. Esperase que o conjunto de diretrizes possa auxiliar designers e profissionais de editoras, e demais interessados, no projeto editorial de livros didáticos digitais interativos. / This exploratory and descriptive research aimed to propose a set of editorial design guidelines evaluated and hierarchized to project of interactive digital textbook for tablets with emphasis on textbooks with text volume. Therefore, the literature review addressed the main areas of Design involved in the subject matter, such as Interface, Interaction, and Editorial (printed and digital). The latter area is the focus of the research. To obtain and systematize the guidelines, we used as a methodological procedure the method of Concept Maps (TROCHIM, 1989) wich consists of five steps: i. Preparation of references - selection of 34 references of academic literature, websites/blogs publishers, designers, operating systems to submit editorial design guidelines both printed and digital. ii. Compilation of guidelines - initial listing of 1052 guidelines researched that after eight iterations of reduction, assemblage and groupings analyses, it was reduced to 78 written guidelines and systematized in five thematic groups. iii. Structuring guidelines – we raised information on conceptual similarity between the compiled guidelines and assess the utility of the same for this type of publication. This step occurred through card sorting technique applied to 15 experts of the editorial area. iv. Representation of the guidelines - the data collected in card sorting underwent analyses of multidimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical clusters (HCA), which made it possible to represent the conceptual relations between guidelines and groups by concept maps and dendograms. And v. Interpretation of maps and dendograms. This process finalized, following the completion of all stages and eleven iterations in a set of 60 guidelines evaluated by experts, systematized in four thematic groups. We expected that the set of guidelines will help designers and publishers professionals, and other interested parties on editorial design of interactive digital textbooks.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-16T18:31:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Diuliano Azeredo Gouv?a.pdf: 3074684 bytes, checksum: 1637a9c9273f537aed4b0b6fadefe6f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T18:31:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Diuliano Azeredo Gouv?a.pdf: 3074684 bytes, checksum: 1637a9c9273f537aed4b0b6fadefe6f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-17 / CAPES / This study aims to present the importance of the history of mathematics for teaching and learning, seeking to provide opportunities for readers to approach the topic with a historical bias, in order to understand what potential that is replaced when under a historical perspective; it would have with respect to the learning process. To achieve this goal, we conducted an analysis of four (4) textbooks, chosen by PNLD in order to see how these books had the logarithms, it was the presence of the History of Mathematics and presenting this approach as this, suggestions for authors to improve their work. Then we conducted a field study where we applied two questionnaires, one designed for teachers and another for students. In order to get the opinion of these two groups on the approach of logarithms from a bias in the history of mathematics and also to check the view that these two groups have the relationship of mathematics with its own history in loco history of logarithms, as well as open avenues for the emergence of new research. Conducted surveys present our methodology for the analysis of the same. We also made a brief analysis of dissertations related in order to make a reading that was measured and developed by colleagues who studied the same order subject. For analyze the results, we gave our suggestions to create a conclusion about the topic / Este estudo tem como objetivo chamar a aten??o para a import?ncia da Hist?ria da Matem?tica no ensino-aprendizado dos logaritmos, buscando apresentar possibilidades de abordagem do tema com um vi?s hist?rico. Para atingir esse objetivo, realizamos uma an?lise de 4 (quatro) livros did?ticos, escolhidos pelo PNLD, a fim de verificar como esses livros apresentavam os logaritmos, se havia a presen?a da Hist?ria da Matem?tica nesta abordagem no que acreditamos possa ser mais atrativas e adequadas ao ensino deste importante t?pico. Ap?s uma an?lise n?o exaustiva, apresentando, com isso, sugest?es para que os autores possam melhorar suas obras. Realizamos uma pesquisa de campo, onde aplicamos dois question?rios, um destinado para os professores e outro destinado aos alunos. Com o objetivo de obter a opini?o desses dois grupos sobre a abordagem dos logaritmos a partir de um vi?s da hist?ria da Matem?tica e tamb?m de verificar a vis?o que esses dois grupos tem da rela??o da matem?tica com sua pr?pria hist?ria in loco a hist?ria dos logaritmos, assim como abrir caminhos para o surgimento de novas pesquisas. Fizemos tamb?m uma breve an?lise de disserta??es correlatas com objetivo de fazer uma leitura do que foi aferido e desenvolvido por colegas que estudaram o mesmo assunto. Por fim analisamos os resultados, demos nossas sugest?es a fim de criar uma conclus?o sobre o tema abordado.

The diploma thesis deals with the textbooks used by teachers of national history and geography. Most of the teachers included in my research sample use textbooks mainly for preparation of their lessons, which corresponds with the researches in the Czech Republic presented in the theoretical part of this thesis. As a complementary material used for lesson planning they use the Internet. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters. The findings of the research and the recommendations of the professional literature related to the issue of teacher's choice of curriculum and to the role of textbooks are discussed. The research related to the lesson planning, teaching methods and types of planning for the lesson is analysed and a special attention is given to the usage of various recourses e.g. encyclopaedias and educational software used for lesson planning. One chapter deals with the theory of textbooks and with the research related to their evaluation. The last chapter of the theoretical part is focused on the concept of lesson planning in the Czech Republic and the potential of textbooks usage for teaching of given subject. The empirical part is conducted by the semi-structured interviews with primary school teachers, specifically with four females and two male respondents. The findings are...

This study examined science textbooks over time to better understand the science content expectations that the U.S. educational system deems appropriate for 8th and 9th grade science students. The study attempted to answer the questions: 1) What specific science content has been presented via the textbook from 1952 to 2008? 2) Within which areas and in what way does the science content change? 3) Are new scientific findings reflected in 8th and 9th grade U.S. general science textbooks? Twenty-six themes were identified which reflect five areas in science: Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science, Biology, and Process of Science. Trends in science content in U.S. 8th and 9th grade general science textbooks, as revealed by this data sample, indicated no statistically significant change in depth of coverage in Physics and Process of Science over the past 60 years, no significant change in depth of coverage in Earth Science and Biology in the last 40 years, and no significant change in coverage in Chemistry over the last 30 years. Additionally, a total of sixteen new discoveries were found in the textbook sample. For classroom teachers this information may alert them to the necessity of going beyond the textbook in preparing students for life in a global society. In educational practice, this research supports and reinforces the need for inquiry learning and socioscientific curricula. It may also influence educators to challenge assumptions regarding the value and selection of the traditional classic science content.

Matematikundervisningen i den svenska grundskolan är starkt läromedelstyrd. Med en fundamental grund i det svenska styrdokumentet LGR 11 har läromedlen genom undervisningen en betydande roll för att utveckla och gynna elevernas lärande. Undervisningen påverkas således av det ämnesinnehåll ett läromedel består av. Kunskaper i algebra har visat ha en betydande roll för elevers matematikinlärning. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad som kännetecknar det algebraiska innehållet i dagens läroböcker. Detta med fokus på hur det algebraiska tänkandet kan karakteriseras och gynnas för elever i grundskolans senare årskurser. Med läroböckernas starka koppling till styrdokumenten tas även i beaktning hur algebraiskt innehåll beskrivs och hanteras där. Matematikdidaktisk forskning finns att tillgå med liknande syfte för grundskolans tidigare år där ett ramverk av fem Big Ideas fastställts för att karakterisera det algebraiska innehållet i läroböcker. Detta ramverk har använts även i denna studie med fokus på årskurs 7-9. Resultaten visar att det algebraiska innehållet i grundskolans senare år är starkt präglat av variabelhantering såväl som olika metoder och aspekter relevanta för ekvationslösning. / Mathematics education in Sweden is heavily influenced by textbooks. Being based on the Swedish curriculum and adapted to its content, the textbooks carry great weight in relation to the pupils’ teaching experience. Algebraic knowledge comprises an important role in the learning of mathematics. The aim of this study is to identify what characterizes the algebraic content in Swedish textbooks and curriculums for the lower secondary school. Researchers within mathematics education have previously published studies related to this aim in the lower level of elementary school. Five Big Ideas were identified and used as a framework to characterize the algebraic content in earlier studies. Those five Big Ideas were also used as a framework in this study. The results show that the algebraic content in lower secondary school is largely composed of methods for using variables. Methods and aspects suitable for solving equations were also frequently represented.

Dans cette étude de recherche, nous nous intéressons particulièrement au concept mathématique de fraction et à son enseignement-apprentissage dans un contexte de culture chinoise. Le concept de fraction est abstrait et difficile à comprendre par les élèves, en Chine, il est enseigné formellement en Classe Niveau 3 et Classe Niveau 5 à l’école primaire.L’objectif de notre recherche est, dans un premier lieu, de faire une introduction sur l’origine et le développement du concept de fraction en Chine ancienne et de montrer les représenations concernant la fraction dans les textes historiques.Dans un deuxième lieu, est d’analyser les représenations et les arrangements des contenus concernant le concept de fraction dans les manuels scolaires chinois selon le Standard du curriculum de mathématiques pour l’instruction obligatoire 2011. Pour cela, nous avons analysé deux éditions de manuels scolaires de mathématiques qui sont utilisés par les écoles publiques dans les trois provinces du nord-est de la Chine.Dans un troième lieu, nous voullons connaître la conception pédagogique et les méthodes d’enseignement des enseignants dans l’enseignement du concept de fraction en salle de classe. Ainsi, nous avons construit les données vidéographiques à travers des observations sur terrain et les vidéos enreginstrés par maison d’édition.Les analyses des données construites sur les manuels scolaires et les vidéos du cours de fraction nous montrent que, d’une part, la signification de la fraction la plus présente dans les manuels scolaires de Classe Niveau 3 et Classe Niveau 5 à travers les activités analysées est Partie d’un tout. D’autre part, la représenation des contenus concernant le concept de fraction dans les manuels soclaires et les arrangements du cours dans l’enseignement de fraction sont bien respectés les suggestions du Stadard du curriculum pour l’instruction obligatoire. / In this study, we are particularly interested in both the mathematical concept of fraction and such concept’s teaching-learning in Chinese culture terms. The concept of fraction is more than abstract and thus difficult for students to understand. Accordingly, this certain notion is designed for Grade 3 and Grade 5 in primary school.The first aim of our research is to make an introduction to the origin and development of the concept of fraction in ancient China and to present the various representations of the fraction in historical record.We also plan to analyze the representations and content arrangements in terms of the concept of fraction in Chinese textbooks, based on the Curriculum standard of mathematics for compulsory education 2011. In this part we analyzed two editions of mathematical textbooks which are used by public schools in the three northeastern provinces of China.In addition, we want to know the designs and practices of pedagogy by teachers in teaching the concept of fraction in the classrooms. Thus, we constructed the video-graphic data through field observations and the videos documented by the publishing company.By reviewing the data gleaned from the textbooks and the videos of the mathematical classes, we find that the the most prevalent concept under the name of fraction in the textbooks of Grade 3 and Grade5 is “part-whole”. Another finding is that the contents of the concept of fraction in the textbooks and the pedagogy of fraction in the mathematical classrooms are in agreement with the Curriculum standard of mathematics for the compulsory education.

本研究旨在藉由探討教科書評選指標的權重，了解國小英語教師對於英語教科書評選所採用之評選指標的看法，以及其教師背景對英語教科書評選的影響。本研究方法採用階層程序分析法(AHP), 並由文獻探討將教科書評選指標分為2大層面，5大向度，以及26個指標，建構出階層程序分析法問卷，以隨機方式發放於台北市12個行政區公私立126位國小正式英語教師，並藉由Expert Choice 2000 軟體分析，計算出各層面、向度、指標之權重值，並予以排序。 研究主要結果如下： 1.教師重視教科書內在評選高於外在評選。 2.教科書外在評選，教師較為重視整體編排架構；教科書內在評選，教師認 為語言能力比語言成分重要。 3.整體編排架構裡，教師認為最重要的指標為「使用英語文正確、自然流 暢。」；編印設計，最重要的指標為「字體大小適宜，印刷清楚。」； 4.教具與輔助教材，最重要的指標為「提供配合課程的電腦多媒體教材。」 5.教科書內在評選，男性教師較重視教科書語言成分；女性教師則較重視 語言能力。教學經驗較少的教師重視語言成分高於語言能力；教學經驗較 豐富的教師則認為語言能力較為重要。 6.教具與輔助教材，學士學歷教師較重視指標為「提供配合課程的電腦多媒 體教材。」；碩士學歷教師較重視指標為「CD發音正確清晰，速度適 宜。」 綜合本研究結果，教師對於教科書評選指標有不同看法及重視程度，期能提供教師對於教科書評選及評選指標有進一步瞭解。 / The current study aimed to understand how elementary English teachers in Taiwan prioritized criteria for textbook evaluation, and whether their various backgrounds influenced their prioritization of criteria. The research framework was constructed based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), including 2 objectives, 5 sub-objectives, and 25 criteria. An AHP questionnaire was randomly administered to 126 elementary English teachers in Taipei City. All the data were analyzed by means of the software Expert Choice 2000. The major findings in the current study are summarized below. 1.Internal evaluation of textbooks was prioritized before External evaluation by a majority of the teachers. 2.In external evaluation, most teachers emphasized General features of a textbook; in internal evaluation, teachers focused more on Language skills rather than Language components in a textbook. 3.Concerning criteria for evaluating General features of textbooks, teachers considered the criterion Accuracy and fluency most important; as for Layout and physical makeup of a textbook, the criterion Typeface came out top; in Teaching aids, Multimedia was viewed as the most crucial criterion. 4.In respect to criteria for evaluating Language components and Language skills in textbooks, the criterion Integration of components and Integration of skills were respectively emphasized by teachers. 5.While male teachers focused more on Language components of a textbook, female teachers found Language skills more important. 6.Novice teachers were more in favor of Language components than Language skills; however, to more experienced teachers, it was Language skills that they prioritized first. 7.For criteria evaluating Teaching aids of a textbook, teachers with a Bachelor's degree prioritized Multimedia as the most important criterion, while teachers holding a Master's degree put much emphasis on the Quality of CDs. To conclude, it is hoped that these findings can shed light on textbook development and provide useful information for teachers when selecting and evaluating textbooks and for textbook developers when compiling textbooks for students.

<p>The purpose of this study was to analyze texts from four English textbook series for Swedish school years 7-9 as regards their readability and to investigate whether the text difficulty progresses within series with grade level and with each assigned difficulty level. The study also wished to make comparisons between these textbook series to determine if they are equivalent as regards their average readability level. The readability formulas Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid in Microsoft Word 2007 was used for calculation of the readability grade levels of a selection of 231 texts from the series <em>Good Stuff</em>, <em>Happy</em>, <em>Time </em>and <em>Wings. </em>The results from both formulas indicated that the texts in general become more difficult for each school year and with assigned level. However, the study showed that there are differences among the four series as regards their average difficulty levels and that there is a great difficulty range among texts.</p>

<p>During a few hours of a school day, a student might read textbook texts which are highly diversified in terms of abstraction. Abstraction is a central feature of specialized language and the transition from everyday language to specialized language is one of the most important things formal education can offer students. That transition is the focus of this thesis.</p><p>This study introduces a new three-graded classification of abstraction including the levels of specificity, generalization and abstraction, based on a discussion of the concept of abstraction. The investigations performed, based on this classification, show that texts from different subject areas display distinct patterns of abstraction. The Swedish literary texts had the lowest degree of abstraction, the social science texts had an intermediate degree and the natural science texts were the most generalized and abstract. The results also show that the degree of abstraction in the textbook texts increases in later grade levels.</p><p>The thesis presents a new way of analyzing shifts between levels of abstraction and their functions. Interestingly, the texts with a medium degree of abstraction, the social science texts, are the ones with the greatest variety in shifts. The functions of the shifts differ with respect to cultural domains. The shifts in the Swedish literary texts in general belong to the everyday domain while the shifts in the natural science texts belong to a specialized domain. The shifts in the social science texts had features of both domains.</p><p>A secondary aim of the thesis is to develop the understanding of the relationship between author and reader in the texts. The results from my investigation of modality in the Swedish textbook texts confirm the earlier findings from English and Spanish textbooks. In comparison to other text types, textbook texts present knowledge in a more authoritative and less modalized way.</p><p>From time to time, abstraction is described as a feature that hinders students accessing texts. Some researchers even suggest a removal of features of specialized language in textbook texts, in order to increase students’ understanding. However, in a society where specialized knowledge is necessary, the access to specialized texts is important. A democratic view of education and school mandates that children and adolescents have the opportunity to encounter and learn to encounter specialized language in school. In analyzing the texts special attention is paid to the relationship between the texts, the contexts of use and the student readers.</p>