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The aim for this paper has been to examine three textbooks designed for science education in upper secondary school in order to determine whether they convey any specific attitudes regarding what is considered to be ideal knowledge within the field of biology. The main focus has been to investigate if different types of design strategies have been used to emphasize certain values or attitudes and if this proves to be the case, how is this achieved specifically?                       For this purpose I have conducted several different qualitative linguistic analyses of the textbooks. The theoretical framework for the analyses lies within the main field of critical linguistics and more specifically in the context of systemic functional linguistics. The two main language models I have chosen to use for my investigations are functional grammar and multimodal text analysis.                       My results imply amongst other things that by conducting an overall assessment of the headlines in the textbooks a fair assessment can be made of which overall attitudes the books convey. Another founding that has proven to be of relevance is the multimodal analysis of the introductory chapter within each textbook. This chapter conveys more than anything else the true attitudes the authors have, not only towards the school subject itself but also, to the reader. Furthermore, the overall language use in the introduction significantly reveals the textbooks approach and usability as an educational tool. / Min ambition med denna uppsats har varit att analysera tre olika läroböcker i gymnasiekursen Biologi 1 för att undersöka vad och hur de förmedlar kunskapsideal kring innehåll och mening. Jag har velat undersöka om det finns skillnader i de olika böckernas didaktiska designstrategier och vad dessa eventuella skillnader har för olika betydelsepotentialer. För att försöka få svar på mina frågor har jag genomfört min undersökning i flera steg. Inledningsvis jämförde jag de olika böckernas övergripande struktur och innehåll. Därefter har jag ställt dessa resultat i relation till vad kursplanen i ämnet specificerar som centrala innehåll och slutligen genomförde jag en komparativ multimodal kompositionsanalys av introduktionskapitlet samt avsnittet i vardera boken som beskriver cellens uppbyggnad Den teoretiska utgångspunkten för läroboksanalyserna i denna uppsats ligger inom huvudområdet kritisk lingvistik och mer specifikt inom ramen för systemisk-funktionell lingvistik. De två vägledande språkteorierna och modellerna som jag använde mig av var funktionell- och multimodal textanalys. Resultaten indikerar att det går att göra en initial bedömning av lärobokens ”värdegrund” genom att lägga tid på att uppmärksamma några av de referenspunkter som jag har använt mig av. Rubrikerna har visat sig vara bra värdemätare för olika inställningar och framförallt förekomsten av frågeställningar och enstaka ord i rubrikerna. Introduktionskapitlet avslöjar mer än vad producenterna troligen inser angående bokens inställning till såväl läsaren som ämnet. Dock indikerar det generella språkbruket mer än allt annat vilken relation boken öppnar för gentemot läsaren samt även vilket ansvar den är beredd att ta för att fungera som ett pedagogiskt verktyg.

Dans ce mémoire, il s’agit de développer et d’appliquer une méthode qui peut saisir le manuel scolaire comme objet de l’analyse historique et de l’analyse du discours. La méthode cible le livre seulement et combine des outils littéraires et historiques, quantitatifs et qualitatifs, en essayant de tenir compte de l’expérience du livre. L’analyse porte sur la narration de la guerre de Corée dans les manuels de six pays (Allemagne RDA et RFA, la Chine RPC, les États-Unis, le Chili et l’Argentine) de deux moments différents (1962 et 1992). La guerre de Corée a été un événement majeur de la Guerre froide entre les mondes capitalistes et communistes et a contribué à la course aux armements nucléaires. Elle a installé le modèle de la guerre par procuration comme solution de conflits entre les deux idéologies. Une comparaison large d’un événement précis peut nous donner des indications sur le fonctionnement des différents niveaux de la mémoire d’une société et expliquer des éléments du fonctionnement des cycles historiographiques. / This master’s thesis develops and tests a methodology that tries to understand the textbook as an object of historical and discourse analysis. The method centers primarily on the textbook and combines tools of literary criticism and historical research, using quantitative and qualitative analysis, while trying to capture the reader’s experience of the narrated history. We analyze the narration of the Korean war in the textbooks from six different coun- tries (East and West Germany, mainland China, the United States, Chile and Argentina) at two different times (1962 and 1992). The Korean war has been a major event of the cold war between capitalist and communist world and lead to the nuclear arms race. It introduced the model of the proxy war as a means of conflict resolution between the two ideologies. A larger comparison of a precise event can yield indications about how the different levels of social memory work and can explain elements of of the cycles of historiograph- ical paradigms.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF TEXTBOOK STYLE AND READING STRATEGY ON STUDENTS&rsquo / ACHIEVEMENTS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS HEAT AND TEMPERATURE Aky&uuml / z, Volkan M.S., Department of Secondary Science and Mathematics Education Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Ali Eryilmaz July 2004, 96 pages The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of textbook style and reading strategy on 9th grade students&rsquo / achievement and attitude towards heat and temperature at Eregli district of Zonguldak. Textbook style was means that whether textbook written in conceptual style or traditional style. The reading strategy was taken as K-W-L vs. reading without K-W-L. The study uses factorial design to investigate partial and combined effects of these methodologies. In the study convenience sampling was used. The participants were 123 9th grade students at Zonguldak Eregli Super High School in four different classes. Then selected classes were randomly assigned into four groups. The groups were conceptual physics text with K-W-L reading strategy, conceptual physics text with reading without K-W-L, traditional physics text with K-W-L reading strategy and traditional physics text with reading without K-W-L. Achievement and attitude tests were administered before and after the treatment. The data was analyzed by Multiple Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) to find out individual and combined effects of conceptual physics texts and K-W-L reading strategy. The results has shown that conceptual physics texts were effective in increasing students&rsquo / attitude, K-W-L was effective in increasing achievement, and their combination was effective in increasing both achievement and attitude of the students.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-05-21T15:50:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 7972832 bytes, checksum: eaced6d2354f155f2eecfb932237aaa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-21T15:50:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 7972832 bytes, checksum: eaced6d2354f155f2eecfb932237aaa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research aims to understand how the knowledge relationship occurs in the pedagogical practices of the Education of Youngs and Adults (EJA), starting from the use of textbooks. We adopted as a unit of analysis the pedagogical and political dimension that bases the prescribed knowledge (contents) in the textbooks used in the pedagogical practices of Youth and Adult Education in a public school in the city of Lagoa de Dentro (PB), located in the rural community. The theoretical perspective that guided the study was that of Popular Education, Education of Youngs and Adults and Relation of Knowledge, based on Freire (1983; 1997; 2000; 2006; 2007; 2011), Brandão (1994; 2002; 2003; 2006), Beisiegel (1974; 1982), Paiva (2003), Fávero (1984), Santos (2000, 2002; 2007; 2009), Charlot (1996, 2000), Jovchelovitch (2011). We talk with the conceptions about Didactic Book emerging from the researches developed by scholars of the thematic, who focus on the social-historical aspects, the pedagogical-curricular dimension, as well as the political and market dimension, among these: Bittencourt (2004; 2008), Munakata (2003; 2012), Valdemarin (2007), Choppin (2004), Gatti (2004), Santomé (1998). The main problem that guided the discussions is the process of interactivity of knowledge, starting from the textbook used in the Education of Youngs and Adults. The methodological approach adopted was the Case Study (YIN, 2001), using Participant Observation (BRANDÃO, 2006; MELLO, 2005), narrative (YIN, 2001), semi-structured interviews (MELLO, 2005), the document of the National Programme of the Didactic Book for Education of Young and Adult - PNLD-EJA (BRAZIL / MEC 2012; 2014) and the Textbook itself (EJA MODERNA, 2013). We define our analysis in the descriptive approach, in which we adopt as a strategy the “case description” (general), and the “construction of the explanation” (specific) (YIN, 2001). This research shows that the place of the “relationship of knowledge” in the Education of Youngs and Adults is reconsidered based on the multiplicity of knowledge that originates from the programmatic contents of the textbooks (school knowledge), from the creative knowledge built in the pedagogical practice of the teachers of the EJA and also the popular knowledge of the students. The daily life of Youth and Adult Education presents itself as a plural space that is not limited to the knowledge of textbooks; it constitutes knowledge endowed with subjectivities, representations, meanings and historical aspects that form an individual and collective identity. We perceive that “alternative pedagogical creations” surpass or re-signify the accommodation to the programmed knowledge, favoring the development of pedagogical practices with a view to emancipation, starting from “Relevant Social Themes”, provoking “dialogical meetings” of the different ways of knowing. / Esta pesquisa propõe-se a compreender como ocorre a relação de saberes nas práticas pedagógicas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), a partir do uso do livro didático. Adotamos como unidade de análise a dimensão pedagógica e política que fundamenta os saberes prescritos (conteúdos) nos livros didáticos utilizados nas práticas pedagógicas da Educação de Jovens e Adultos em uma escola pública do município de Lagoa de Dentro (PB), localizada na comunidade rural. A perspectiva teórica que norteou o estudo foi a da Educação Popular, Educação de Jovens e Adultos e Relação de Saberes, fundamentando-se em Freire (1983; 1997; 2006; 2007; 2000; 2011), Brandão (1994; 2002; 2003; 2006), Beisiegel (1974; 1982), Paiva (2003), Fávero (1984), Santos (2007; 2002; 2000; 2009), Charlot (1996; 2000), Jovchelovitch (2011). Dialogamos com as concepções sobre Livro Didático emergentes das pesquisas desenvolvidas por estudiosos da temática, os quais enfocam os aspectos histórico-sociais, a dimensão pedagógico-curricular, assim como a dimensão política e mercadológica, dentre esses: Bittencourt (2004; 2008), Munakata (2003; 2012), Valdemarin (2007), Choppin (2004), Gatti (2004), Santomé (1998). A principal problemática que norteou as discussões é o processo de interatividade de saberes, a partir do livro didático utilizado na Educação de Jovens e Adultos. O procedimento metodológico adotado foi o Estudo de Caso (YIN, 2001), utilizando a Observação Participante (BRANDÃO, 2006; MELLO, 2005), narrativa (YIN, 2011), entrevistas semi-estruturadas (MELLO, 2005), os documentos do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para Educação de Jovens e Adultos – PNLD-EJA (BRASIL/MEC 2012; 2014) e o próprio Livro Didático (EJA MODERNA, 2013). Pautamos nossas análises na abordagem descritiva, na qual adotamos como estratégia a “descrição de caso” (geral), e a “construção da explanação” (específica) (YIN, 2011). Esta pesquisa evidencia que o lugar da “relação de saberes” na Educação de Jovens e Adultos é reconsiderado a partir da multiplicidade de saberes que se originam dos conteúdos programáticos dos livros didáticos (saberes escolares), dos saberes criativos construídos na prática pedagógica dos professores da EJA e também dos saberes populares dos educandos. O cotidiano da Educação de Jovens e Adultos apresenta-se como espaço plural que não se resume aos saberes dos livros didáticos; constitui saberes dotados de subjetividades, representações, significados e historicidades que formam uma identidade específica e coletiva. Percebemos que as “criações pedagógicas alternativas” ultrapassam ou ressignificam a acomodação aos saberes programados, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas com vistas à emancipação, a partir de “Temáticas Sociais Relevantes”, suscitando “encontros dialógicos” dos diferentes modos de conhecer/saber.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The presence and relevance of images in discursive genres of contemporary communication has led to concerns about the formation of visually literate readers. Among the multimodal genres, we foreground the textbook for English learning (LDI), which is typically rich in terms of images. However, the activities suggested in such materials rarely point to the visual language exploration (GRAY, 2010). Thus, in this study, the reading sessions of the Top Notch English textbook series are analyzed, together with the methodological instructions of the Teacher‟s guide, aiming to verify to what extent the reading of the images of the discursive genres is explored and the nature of this reading. A context of genre consumption analysis was carried out in the Brazilian Military School System (SCMB). Within the theoretical framework of Critical Genre Analysis (MOTTA-ROTH, 2008) and using the Grammar of Visual Design (KRESS, van LEEUWEN, 2006) as lexical-grammatical reference, all the ten reading sessions of intermediate level Top Notch textbook were analyzed. These reading sessions are composed of semiotic complexes assembled with verbal written language and images. The analysis showed that 32.8% of the reading activities are offered to be approached multimodally through LDI and Teacher‟s guide instructions and also that 67% of the images of the reading sessions are activated for visual reading, what points to the role of the image as a meaning carrier, not as an illustration. There was a predominance of representational meanings (71%) explored in the multimodal reading activities, majorly placed in the pre reading stage, as a way to prepare for the verbal reading. However, the reading activities of corpus do not promote multimodal critical literacy, once they do not stimulate on the student readers the development of critical consciousness, one which unveils the power relations that occur via the genre and also the relationship between the text and the context where it takes place. In the multiliteracies perspective, we hope to contribute for the development of a broader reading towards the comprehension of represented meanings, not only in written verbal language, but also in the images of multimodal texts. / A presença e relevância de imagens em gêneros discursivos da comunicação contemporânea têm gerado uma preocupação crescente com a formação de leitores visualmente letrados. Dentre os gêneros multimodais destaca-se o livro didático para o ensino da língua inglesa (LDI), tipicamente rico em imagens. Entretanto, as atividades propostas nesses materiais raramente remetem à exploração da linguagem visual (GRAY, 2010). Em vista disso, neste trabalho são analisadas as seções de leitura da série de livros didáticos Top Notch, conjuntamente com as instruções metodológicas do Manual do professor com o objetivo de verificar em que medida a leitura de imagens dos gêneros discursivos apresentados é explorada e qual a natureza dessa leitura. Foi realizada uma análise do contexto de consumo do LDI o Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil (SCMB). Dentro do enquadramento teórico da Análise Crítica de Gênero (MOTTA-ROTH, 2008) e tendo como base analítica léxico-gramatical a Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS, van LEEUWEN, 2006), foram analisadas todas as dez seções de leitura que constituem o Top Notch intermediário, as quais formam complexos semióticos, compostos de linguagem verbal escrita e de imagens. A análise revelou que 32,8% das atividades de leitura são oferecidas para serem abordadas multimodalmente por meio de instruções no LDI e no Manual do professor e que 67% das imagens das seções de leitura são acionadas para a leitura visual, o que aponta para o papel da imagem como portadora de significado e não como ilustração. Houve uma predominância dos significados representacionais (71%) explorados nas atividades de leitura multimodal, majoritariamente na etapa de pré-leitura, como forma de preparação para a leitura verbal. Entretanto, as atividades de leitura do corpus não promovem o letramento crítico multimodal por não estimularem nos alunos leitores o desenvolvimento de uma consciência crítica, que desvele as relações de poder que ocorrem por meio do gênero e a relação entre o texto e o contexto no qual ocorre. Na perspectiva dos multiletramentos, espera-se contribuir para o desenvolvimento da leitura mais ampla no sentido da compreensão dos significados representados não só na linguagem verbal escrita, mas também nas imagens em textos multimodais.

Submitted by CAMILA LIBANORI BERNARDINO null (camila.libanori@gmail.com) on 2016-05-24T16:37:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Bernardino_Camila.pdf: 4087762 bytes, checksum: 6afee961ff8485955828955c52d186f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-30T13:57:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardino_cl_me_rcla.pdf: 4087762 bytes, checksum: 6afee961ff8485955828955c52d186f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-30T13:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardino_cl_me_rcla.pdf: 4087762 bytes, checksum: 6afee961ff8485955828955c52d186f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa visa compreender a abordagem dos números complexos, bem como as transformações e adaptações ao longo das edições de 1944, 1946, 1949, 1955 e 1956 na série Matemática 2º ciclo. O tema foi inserido no currículo escolar brasileiro em 1942 e tal obra, de autoria de Euclides Roxo, Haroldo Lisbôa da Cunha, Roberto Peixoto e Cesar Dacorso Netto, entrou em circulação, no mercado editorial nacional, logo após decretada a Lei Orgânica do Ensino Secundário. Para tanto, optou-se por compor uma versão histórica sobre tal abordagem na série Matemática 2º ciclo. Com inspiração no referencial metodológico da Hermenêutica de Profundidade e dos Paratextos Editoriais, realizou-se uma análise sócio-histórica a partir da década de 1930 a fim de compreender e apresentar situações sociais e políticas da época e suas relações com a publicação da obra; uma análise discursiva e comparativa de edições dessa obra, visando compreender e descrever os conteúdos nela abordados relativos ao tema, bem como apresentar plausibilidades para as transformações e adaptações detectadas; e, por fim, uma reinterpretação dos dois primeiros momentos de análise de modo a apresentar uma síntese das compreensões sobre a obra neste trabalho. Dentre as compreensões resultantes dessas análises destacamos: a vinculação direta dos autores Haroldo Lisbôa da Cunha e Euclides Roxo à elaboração dos programas instituídos por meio das reformas educacionais da época; a obra Matemática 2º Ciclo é fortemente caracterizada pela fragmentação na abordagem dos conteúdos (Álgebra, Geometria e Geometria Analítica), possivelmente resultante do alijeiramento da publicação, por sua vez impulsionada pela reforma Capanema; alterações e transformações na abordagem dos números complexos, sobretudo na edição de 1946, pelas sugestões dos professores do país que utilizaram a primeira edição do livro, e mais fortemente a partir da edição de 1955, com a instituição do Programa Mínimo (1951), quando os números complexos deixam de ser um tema de destaque como nas primeiras edições e passa a ser desenvolvido junto ao tema dos polinômios. / This research aims to understand not only the approach to complex numbers, but also the transformation and modifications along the 1944, 1946, 1949, 1955, and 1956 editions of the book 'Matemática 2º ciclo'. The subject was added to Brazilian school curriculum in 1942 and the book, written by Euclides Roxo, Harold Lisbôa da Cunha, Roberto Peixoto and Cesar Dacorso Netto, came entered circulation, in the national publishing Market, soon after the enactment of ‘Lei Orgânica do Ensino Secundário’ (Organic Law of Secondary Education). Therefore, we chose to create a historical version on such an approach for the book series 'Matemática 2ºciclo'. Inspired by the methodological referential of Depth Hermeneutics and Editorial Paratexts, we conducted a social-historical analysis starting in the 1930's in order to understand and present social and political situations of the time and its relations with the publication of the work; a discursive and comparative analysis of the book's editions, aiming to understand and depict the content related to the subject, as well as to show the suitability of all detected transformations and adaptations; and, finally, a reinterpretation of the two first moments of analysis to present a summary of our understanding about the book in this research. Among the results of these analyses, we highlighted: the direct connection of authors Haroldo Lisbôa da Cunha and Euclides Roxo to the program design established through a means of the educational reforms of that time; the book 'Matemática 2º Ciclo' is strongly marked by the fragmentation on content approach (Algebra, Geometry, and Analytical Geometry), possibly resulting from publishing streamlining, in turn driven by the Capanema Reform; modifications and transformations on the approach of complex numbers, especially in the 1946 edition, at the suggestions of the country's teachers, who used the book's first edition and, more heavily, after the 1955 edition, with the establishment of the 'Programa Mínimo' (Minimum Program, 1951), when complex numbers were no longer a highlighted theme as they were in the previous editions and were now developed along polynomials.

The presented diploma thesis entitled "Teacher and textbook: using textbooks in English language classes at Secondary school level" deals, in its theoretical part, with the general role of teacher and textbook within the education process with a focus on specific features of English language teaching at primary school level. The introductory chapter deals with the definition of textbook and its differentiation from other material resources used by teachers in lessons. The chapter also includes a description of the general structure, content properties and basic functions of a school textbook. These serve as a basis for a short evaluation of specific features of English textbooks. The second chapter focuses on the personality of the teacher, his pedagogical competences and roles within the education process. It also briefly mentions specifics of foreign language teachers. The practical part documents research of the teacher´s use of textbook, which is based on direct observation of English lessons and a questionnaire. The main aim of this research is to find out how much time during English language lessons at primary school level teachers spend working with the basic textbook in comparison to the amount of time dedicated to activities without textbooks or to activities with other textual resources. In connection with this research we also intend to find out whether the rate and the way of using basic textbooks within English language lessons at primary school level vary among teachers qualified to teach English and teachers without this qualification and among teachers with different lengths of professional teaching experience. The main aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the functioning of textbooks within the English language teaching process from the point of view of the teacher.

This qualitative study aims to investigate how teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) work to develop their students’ oral proficiency. The study analyses interviews and pedagogical materials to elucidate how the interviewed teachers regard their students’ oral proficiency, what kind of activities they use for teaching speaking and how they assess oral proficiency. The participants were two licensed English teachers of higher upper secondary education, and different materials that the teachers used were analysed, including a textbook. The teachers regarded their students’ oral proficiency as generally good or very good but noted that significant differences existed in most groups regarding proficiency and that certain students who were less proficient showed an unwillingness to use the target language, which indicates a need of better strategies to involve these students in the learning process. The findings of this study suggest that the interviewed EFL teachers teach speaking according to the communicative approach and that the activities they use more frequently for teaching speaking were discussions, followed by presentations, speeches, role-playing and debates. However, the interviews and the pedagogical materials reflected a lack of focus on the features of spoken language, the importance of which has been proven by findings in corpus linguistics and conversation analysis. These findings indicate a need to raise awareness among teachers about the benefits of focusing on the features of spoken language. Regarding assessment, informal formative assessment in the form of direct observation was the most common form, while formal assessment was used in presentations and examinations in the form of group discussions. The teachers acknowledged some confusion regarding assessment due to the lack of clear guidelines from Skolverket. Moreover, they regarded speaking as being more important than other skills, which indicates the possibility of redefining the value of speaking in the course evaluation.