Les matériaux composites sont largement utilisés dans l'industrie en raison de leur bonne tenue mécanique et de leur faible densité. La diversité des domaines d’application des matériaux composites donne lieu à une grande variété de modes de sollicitation et d’endommagement. De ce fait, l’évaluation de leurs propriétés et le contrôle de leur état présentent un grand intérêt industriel. Dans ce travail, une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation et de contrôle non destructif dite par sonothermographie est explorée. Cette méthode est basée sur l'analyse du champ thermique induit par des ondes ultrasonores de puissance dans les matériaux absorbants tels que les composites. Deux applications complémentaires sont étudiées, d’une part l’évaluation des propriétés thermiques du matériau et d’autre part le contrôle non destructif de structures par thermographie infrarouge. Dans ce cadre, le problème direct de la sonothermographie est résolu numériquement à partir d’un modèle par éléments finis. Ce modèle permet de simuler le champ thermique induit par la propagation d’ondes ultrasonores dans un matériau absorbant dont les propriétés sont connues. Les simulations réalisées permettent de montrer l’applicabilité de la sonothermographie à la détection de défauts. Une nouvelle approche de caractérisation thermique est également développée. Cette approche basée sur la formulation faible de l’équation de conduction de la chaleur permet une estimation robuste de la diffusivité thermique du matériau à partir du champ thermique induit par les ondes ultrasonores de puissance. Des résultats expérimentaux sont présentés pour le cas de plaques minces. / The composite materials are widely used in industry because of their high mechanical resistance and low density. The diversity of composite materials application fields gives rise to a large variety of solicitation and damage conditions. For this reason, the evaluation of their properties and their health monitoring are of great industrial interest. In this work, a new method of evaluation and non-destructive testing named sonothermography is explored. This method is based on the analysis of thermal fields induced by ultrasonic waves in absorbent materials such as composites. Two additional applications are studied: the evaluation of the thermal properties of the material and the non-destructive testing of structures by infrared thermography. In this framework, the direct problem of sonothermography is solved numerically using a model based on the finite element method. This model allows to simulate the thermal field induced by the propagation of ultrasonic waves in absorbent material whose properties are known. The simulations carried out show the applicability of the sonothermography for the detection of defects. An innovative approach for thermal characterization is also developed. This approach based on the weak formulation of the heat conduction equation allows a robust estimate of the thermal diffusivity of the material from the thermal field induced by ultrasonic waves. Experimental results are presented for thin plates.

Les lymphœdèmes secondaires au traitement du cancer du sein représentent une des comorbidités majeures de l’adénomectomie axillaire. L’exérèse des lymphonœuds axillaires est pointée comme la cause évidente de l’apparition du lymphœdème. Elle semble être une condition nécessaire, mais non suffisante, pour que les patientes développent un lymphœdème secondaire. Les patientes opérées selon la même procédure chirurgicale et affectées d’un lymphœdème secondaire peuvent être catégorisées en deux groupes :l’un présentant un œdème caractérisé par le signe du godet marqué et une réponse rapide aux bandages compressifs, l’autre montrant les signes inverses. Nous posons l’hypothèse que parmi les causes intercurrentes à la genèse du lymphœdème secondaire au traitement du cancer du sein, la procédure chirurgicale du creux axillaire peut induire des perturbations intermittentes de l’hémodynamique de la veine axillaire et provoquer une hyperfiltration d’amont. Notre travail montre que l’exérèse de tout ou partie de la lame cellulo-adipeuse qui contient les lymphonœuds et l’ouverture de la gaine axillaire, modifie les conditions biomécaniques de la veine axillaire, lorsque le bras est ballant le long du corps, ayant pour conséquence une occlusion partielle et intermittente de cette veine, ce qui détermine aux distalités du membre une augmentation de la filtration. Cette occlusion intermittente provoque un épaississement réactionnel local de l’endothélium veineux et induit à terme le développement d’un réseau veineux collatéral superficiel visible sur le thorax à l'aide de l'imagerie par thermographie à infrarouges lointains. Après avoir démontrer l’existence clinique de l'occlusion intermittente par différentes méthodes expérimentales et cliniques, nous avons proposer à la fois des moyens diagnostiques simples et initier une proposition de traitement chirurgical visant à rétablir de meilleures conditions hémodynamiques veineuses qui pourraient contribuer à la décongestion partielle du membre. / Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Dans le domaine du Génie Civil, de nombreuses méthodes d’auscultation sont développées. Elles visent à aider à l’évaluation de l’état des ouvrages d’art en donnant des informations sur la structure interne ou sur l’état des matériaux. Les techniques basées sur la thermographie infrarouge sont prometteuses, elles présentent l’intérêt d’être à grand rendement et de se traduire par l’observation d’images (thermogrammes) qui semblent plus accessibles. La thèse consiste au développement d’une méthode de thermographie infrarouge active en basant sur un système d’excitation micro-ondes conçu et réalisé pour cette étude.La source micro-ondes a été réalisée sur la base d’un magnétron commercial de 800 W à 2.45 GHz associé à une antenne cornet pyramidal pour guider les ondes vers des éléments à chauffer. Par rapport aux sources utilisées classiquement en thermographie infrarouge active, les ondes électromagnétiques de type micro-ondes se propagent dans le volume d’un élément en béton. Les ondes subissent des réflexions et des effets de diffraction lorsque impactent des parties métalliques. Des phénomènes d’interférence peuvent apparaître en surface et par effet radiothermique générer des gradients de température observables par thermographie infrarouge. Ces effets se produisent de façon instantanée. En prenant en compte de toutes les consignes de sécurité, des essais avec ce nouveau système d’excitation ont été effectués dans une enceinte de protection haute fréquence. Cette nouvelle méthode a été appliquée à la détection de défauts (absence de colle) dans le cas d’un renforcement composite (CFRP), d’une pièce métallique derrière une plaque de bois d’un centimètre d’épaisseur, et plus particulièrement des armatures verticales / In the field of Civil Engineering, many inspection methods have been developed. They are intended to evaluate the condition of structures by providing information about the internal structure or status of the materials. Techniques based on infrared thermography are promising as they have the advantage of giving high performances and results by the thermograms observation that seems more accessible. The objective of the thesis is to develop a new active infrared thermography method based on a microwave excitation system designed and built for this study.The microwave source was set up based on a commercial magnetron 800 W at2.45 GHz associated to a pyramidal horn antenna for guiding microwave radiation to the heated elements. Compared to other sources traditionally used in active infrared thermography, the microwaves can propagate into the volume of a concrete element. The waves undergo the reflection and the diffraction effects while they impact any metal parts. The interference phenomena can appear on the surface and generate, by the radiothermal effect, the temperature gradients observed by infrared thermography. These effects occur instantaneously. Considering all the safety, the tests with the new excitation system were carried out in a high frequency protection cell. This new method has been applied to the defect detection (adhesive absence) in the case of a composite reinforcement (CFRP), a metal element behind a wooden plate of one centimeter of thickness, and more particularly the vertical reinforcement bars in a reinforced concrete wall.

Le but de cette étude est de proposer un modèle combiné au transfert de chaleur dans la veine et des tissus de la peau humaine. Il permet de mieux comprendre le comportement thermomécanique de la peau et de son environnement direct lorsqu'ils sont exposés à de fortes variations thermiques. Le travail est basé sur des études expérimentales et numériques. La première étape expérimentale consiste à placer une barre d'acier cylindrique refroidie ou réchauffée sur la peau d'un avant-bras humain et en mesurant l'évolution de température en utilisant une caméra infrarouge. L'influence de la circulation sanguine dans les veines sur la diffusion de la chaleur est très nettement.La deuxième étape expérimentale consiste à mesurer les propriétés géométriques des veines et la vitesse du sang en utilisant une sonde d'écho-Doppler. Ces mesures expérimentales fournissent un modèle numérique de la peau et de son environnement direct. Le modèle tridimensionnel multicouche utilise l'équation biothermique de Pennes pour modéliser les tissus et celle de la chaleur dans un fluide pour modéliser le sang. Les propriétés des matériaux sont tirées de la littérature et validées par notre expérimentation. Le modèle numérique permet de retrouver les mesures expérimentales, mais aussi d'accéder à la température et à la vitesse du sang dans les veines. Enfin, un modèle numérique d'endommagement thermique, couplé au modèle multicouche de la peau, a été développé dans cette étude. Il permet de simuler l'endommagement suite à une brûlure de la peau et de tester l'efficacité de différents traitements visant à limiter les lésions. / The aim of this study is to propose a combined model of heat transfer in the vein and tissue of human skin. It allows to better understand the thermomechanical behavior of the skin and its direct environment when exposed to strong thermal variations. The work is based on experimental and numerical investigations. The first experimental step consists in placing a cooled or a heated cylindrical steel bar on the skin of a human forearm and measuring the temperature change using an infrared camera. Blood circulation in the veins was seen to clearly influence heat diffusion. The second experimental step consists in measuring geometrical properties of the veins and blood velocity using an echo-Doppler probe. These experimental measurements provide a numerical model of the skin and its direct vicinity. The three-dimensional multilayer model uses Pennes equation to model biological tissue and the convective heat transport equation, to model blood. The properties of the biological materials obtained from the literature are validated by our experimentation. The numerical model is able to simulate the experimental observations, but also to estimate blood temperature and velocity in the veins. Finally, a numerical model of thermal damage, coupled with the multilayer model of skin, was developed in this study. It simulates the damage due to burning of the skin and to test the efficacy of different treatments to limit the damage.

Um dos grandes pilares para o sucesso da produtividade da produção de suínos é o aumento da taxa de leitões nascidos por matriz. Porém, para que esse resultado seja satisfatório, é necessário reduzir as taxas de mortalidade de leitões ao nascimento e aumentar o ganho de peso por leitegada. Nesse sentido, deve-se priorizar o bem-estar dos animais, reduzir os custos na produção e utilizar recursos favoráveis à sustentabilidade da produção. A borracha reciclável é um excelente recurso sustentável, podendo trazer benefícios para os leitões por ser um produto resistente, que absorve impacto e apresenta consistência macia, tornando o ambiente mais confortável, bom condutor térmico e antiderrapante. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da cobertura do piso de escamoteadores com borracha reciclável com a utilização de dois diferentes tipos de tapete, em relação à utilização de piso convencional (piso de concreto coberto por maravalha), com o propósito de identificar a melhor adaptação dos leitões, observando o conforto térmico e consequentemente o desenvolvimento animal e aumento da produtividade. A pesquisa foi realizada no município de Mogi-Mirim/SP entre os meses de julho a agosto de 2015. Foram estabelecidos três tipos de tratamento: Tratamento 1 (T1) - piso coberto por maravalha; Tratamento 2 (T2) - piso coberto com tapete de borracha inteiriça; Tratamento 3 (T3) - piso coberto com tapete de borracha vazada, para 12 leitegadas (±50 animais/ tratamento). Os parâmetros analisados foram: comportamento e avaliação fisiológica avaliados em dias intercalados durante o experimento, em três períodos: manhã (H1 - 7:00h às 11:00h), tarde (H2 - 12:00h às 15:00h) e noite (H3 - 16:00h às 18:00h); e os índices zootécnicos e microclima das instalações avaliados diariamente. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) para as análises dos dados referentes à entalpia, ITU e comportamento; e delineamento em blocos casualiazados (DBC) referente aos dados das análises fisiológicas. As médias foram analisadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de significância. A análise do microclima das instalações evidenciou estresse por frio constante, caracterizado pela entalpia abaixo de 68,40, porém dentro da faixa ideal dada pelo índice de temperatura e umidade (menor ou igual a 70). Os animais dos tratamentos com piso do escamoteador coberto por tapete de borra (vazado e inteiriço) mativeram-se por maior tempo, e expressaram uma maior quantidade de comportamentos dentro do escamoteador, quando evidencianda a escolha por um local de melhor conforto, em comparação ao tratamento convencional (maravalha). A utilização do tapete (inteiriço e vazado) influenciou de forma positiva, em melhorias na produção, ao que se refere ao índice de mortalidade por esmagamento. Este trabalho abre novas possibilidades de se avaliar a utilização de tapete de borracha reciclável na produção de suínos. Inaugura possibilidades de estudo de novos designs de tapete e de local de instalação, a fim de estabelecer um produto inovador e sustentável, tornando-o uma ferramenta rentável e eficientemente econômica na produção de suínos. / One of the great pillars for the swine production productive success is the increase in the rate of piglets by sow. However, for this result to be satisfactory it is necessary to reduce the piglet death rate at birth and increase the weight gain by litter. Hence, the animal welfare must be prioritized, the production costs reduced and favorable resources to the production sustainability used. The rubber is recyclable and it is an excellent sustainable resource that can benefit the piglets since it is a resistant material capable of absorbing impact, soft, able to make the environment more comfortable, good heat conductor and non-slip. The objective of this research is to evaluate the efficiency of covering the creep ground with recyclable rubber with the utilization of two different kinds of mats in relation to conventional ground (concrete covered by shavings), aiming to identify the best piglets adaptation taking in observation the thermal comfort, the animal development and increase in productivity. The research took place in the municipality of Mogi-Mirim/SP from July to August of 2015. Three treatments were established: Treatment 1 (T1) - ground covered by shavings; Treatment 2 (T2) - ground covered by rubber mat; Treatment 3 (T3) - ground covered by leaked rubber mat, for 12 litters (+-50 animals/treatment). The analyzed parameters were: behavior and physiological evaluation every other day during the experiment, in three periods: mornings (H1 - 7:00h to 11:00h), afternoon (H2 - 12:00h to 15:00h) and evening (H3 - 16:00h to 18:00h); and the zootechnical indices and the facilities microclimate evaluated daily. It was utilized a Completely Randomized Design (DIC) for the analyses of the enthalpy data, ITU and behavior; and Randomized-Completeblocks Design (DBC) for the physiological analysis. The averages were analysed by the Tuckey\'s test at 5% significance. The facilities microclimate analysis emphasized a constant cold stress, characterized by the enthalpy below 68,40, however, it falls in the ideal range given by the humidity and temperature index (less or equal to 70). The animals from the treatments with rubber mats maintained for a longer period of time and expressed a greater quantity inside of the creep, evidencing a choice for a place of better comfort, compared to the conventional treatment (shavings). The utilization of mats influenced in a positive way in the production when it comes to mortality by crushing. This study opens up new possibilities of evaluating the utilization of recyclable rubber in swine production. Inaugurate possibilities of studying new mat designs, placing in order to establish an innovative product, sustainable, making it a rentable tool, economically efficient in the swine production.

Submitted by Adriana Martinez (amartinez@unoeste.br) on 2017-09-05T12:53:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Luci.pdf: 503217 bytes, checksum: bcb750cc3835332fed12d8730ecb4254 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T12:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Luci.pdf: 503217 bytes, checksum: bcb750cc3835332fed12d8730ecb4254 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / This work aims to study the effects of omega 3 and / or vitamin B12 administration on sperm and histomorphometric parameters of the reproductive organs of Wistar rats and their correlation with the temperature of these regions. Sixteen rats were divided into four groups (n = 4 per group) who received daily injections for 30 days, being: Control Group - saline solution; Group Omega three- fish oil (Equaliv®) 1g / kg; Group B12 - vitamin B12 (Monovin B12 ®) 3μg; And Group Omega + B12 - fish oil 1g / kg and vitamin B12 3μg. Analyzed sperm morphology and the histomorphometries were evaluated by the Motic Images Plus® version 2.0 program. On a daily basis, thermographic images of areas of the body (FLIR E40®, Sweden) were analyzed and analyzed by the Flir Tools 2.1® program. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5%. Omega 3 reduced the seminiferous epithelium and B12 minimized this deleterious effect (P ≤ 0.05). The surface temperature of the scrotum was higher in group B12 (P ≤0.05). There was a high positive correlation between scrotum surface temperature and distal cytoplasmic droplet percentage (P = 0.678). / Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os efeitos da administração do ômega três e/ou vitamina B12 sobre parâmetros espermáticos e histomorfométricos dos órgãos reprodutivos de ratos Wistar e sua correlação com a temperatura dessas regiões. Utilizou-se 16 ratos, divididos em quatro grupos (n=4 por grupo) que receberam injeções diárias por 30 dias, sendo: Grupo Controle – solução salina; Grupo Ômega três– óleo de peixe (Equaliv®) 1g/kg; Grupo B12 – vitamina B12 (Monovin B12®) 3µg; e Grupo Ômega + B12 – óleo de peixe 1g/kg e vitamina B12 3µg. Analisados morfologia espermática e as histomorfometrias foram avaliados pelo programa Motic Images Plus® versão 2.0. Diariamente, foram obtidas imagens termográficas de áreas do corpo (FLIR E40®, Suécia) e analisadas pelo programa Flir Tools 2.1®. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5%. O ômega 3 reduziu o epitélio seminífero e a B12 minimizou esse efeito deletério (P ≤ 0,05). A temperatura da superfície do escroto foi superior no grupo B12 (P ≤0,05). Houve alta correlação positiva entre temperatura da superfície do escroto e porcentagem de gota citoplasmática distal (P = 0,678).

Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2018-11-22T11:15:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Dutra de Souza Francisquini.pdf: 2946141 bytes, checksum: d4a8301da20ac5338becde2b5af3e95b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-22T11:15:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Dutra de Souza Francisquini.pdf: 2946141 bytes, checksum: d4a8301da20ac5338becde2b5af3e95b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-10 / In regions of tropical climate, mating occurs during warmer months, bulls are subject to environmental variations that interfere with their fertility and reproductive efficacy of the herd. The use of some biotechnologies contributes to the efficiency of the production system and to evaluate the fertilization potential of a semen sample, be it fresh, chilled or frozen. A combination of several analyzes and seminal assay methods offers greater accuracy to define a complex functionality. For Chapter 1, the objectives of the study were: (1) to evaluate the effect of the seasons on the surface temperature of the scrotum and ocular globe, the semen quality and plasma concentration of testosterone from Nellore bulls raised extensively, (2) to verify the plasma protein composition (3) investigate the relationships of these proteins with seminal parameters, surface temperatures of the scrotum and THI. Nellore bulls (n = 20) were evaluated with two data collections with a 30-day interval within each season of the year. Infrared thermography (FLIR E40®) with image analysis (FLIR tools software) for spermatic cord (SCT), proximal pole of the testis (PPT), distal pole of the testis (DPT), tail of the epididymis (TeT) and scrotal temperature gradient (TG), and semen collected and analyzed for quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the jugular to obtain the plasma concentration of testosterone by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The seminal plasma proteins were identified by electrophoresis on SDS-PAGE. The temperature-humidity index (THI) calculated per season. The TG was higher (P <0.05) in autumn (5ºC) and winter (4.4ºC) compared to spring (3.4ºC) and summer (3.7ºC). The THI of spring (73.5) and summer (72) differed (P <0.05) from autumn (64.5) and winter (59.6) and there were correlations (P <0.01) with SCT (0.54), TeT (0.74), PPT (0.71), DPT (0.72) and TG (-0.35). Similarly, MOT (61.5%) and VIG (2.7) in spring were lower in relation to autumn and winter (P <0.05). The plasma concentration of testosterone was higher (P <0.05) in the autumn, in relation to the other seasons of the year. Seminal plasma proteins of 20, 55 and 66KDa contributed positively to seminal quality. The concentration of the protein with 50KDa was high in all seasons, being considered indispensable for the fertility of the bulls. In the spring and summer seasons, in which the THI exceeded the value of 72, there was a decrease in progressive motility and spermatic vigor. The summer and fall, the seasons that presented greater percentages of major and total sperm defects. Ocular globe and scrotal surface temperatures increased in spring and summer and the thermal gradient and testosterone plasma concentration decreased in the same seasons, concluding that the thermal stress with THI above 72 in the spring and summer seasons was sufficient for negatively affect the reproduction of Nelore bulls raised in pasture in the tropics. The chapter 2, the objectives of the study were: (1) assess the quality of refrigerated beef semen transported by 3 hours, passive systems of transport of semen BotuBOX® and BotuFLEX®, diluted in TRIS and BotuBOV®; and (2) evaluate the spermatic kinetics, oxidative stress, mitochondrial potential and cell membrane integrity and acrossomal bovine semen after thawing, diluted in TRIS and BotuBOV® and transported in passive systems semen transport BotuBOX® and BotuFLEX®. The six bulls semen of Nellore breed (Bos taurus indicus), cooled and frozen in 2 extenders TRIS and BotuBOV® and transported in 2 cooling systems BotuBOX® and BotuFLEX®. In a semen sample refrigerated was made a subjective analysis of motility (MOT) and sperm vigor (VIG) and in the sample frozen-thawed, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry, evaluation of integrity of plasma membrane and acrossomal (IPAM), production of superoxide (O2-) and integrity of cells (IC). On after cooled analysis, the MOT of semen in the BotuBOV® and BotuFLEX® (69.4%) and TRIS and BotuFLEX® (62.9%), were higher (P < 0.05) when compared to the TRIS and BotuBOX®. The largest (P < 0.05) MOT (45.9%) observed in subjective analysis, TM (47.3%) and PM (37%) in the CASA, IPAM (29%), IC (19.8%) and lower production of the O2- (82%) found in the samples frozen-thawed diluted in BotuBOV® extender and transported in the BotuFLEX® system. We conclude that the diluted semen in the BotuBOV® and transported on BotuBOX® or BotuFLEX®, and diluted TRIS extender and transported on BotuFLEX® maintained the viability for using the cooled semen, as well as employment for freezing. The association between the BotuBOV® diluent and refrigerated transport of semen BotuFLEX® presented best effect on the frozen semen in regard to kinetics parameters, integrity of plasma and acrossomal membranes and oxidative stress reduction. / Em regiões de clima tropical, o acasalamento ocorre durante os meses mais quentes, os touros estão sujeitos às variações ambientais que interferem com a sua fertilidade e eficácia reprodutiva do rebanho. A utilização de algumas biotecnologias colabora para a eficiência do sistema de produção e avaliar o potencial de fertilização de uma amostra de sêmen, seja ela fresca, refrigerada ou congelada e Uma combinação de várias análises e métodos de avalição seminal oferece maior acurácia para definir uma complexa funcionalidade. Para o capítulo 1, os objetivos do estudo foram (1) avaliar o efeito das estações do ano na temperatura da superfície do escroto e do globo ocular, na qualidade do sêmen e concentração plasmática de testosterona de touros Nelore criados extensivamente, (2) verificar a composição proteica do plasma seminal em cada estação do ano e as proteínas com maior frequência e (3) investigar as relações dessas proteínas com parâmetros seminais, temperaturas da superfície do escroto e ITU. Touros Nelore (n=20) foram avaliados com duas coletas de dados com intervalo de 30 dias dentro de cada estação do ano, sendo realizados: termografia infravermelha (FLIR E40®) com análise de imagens (software FLIR tools) para cordão espermático (TCE), polo proximal do testículo (PPT), polo distal do testículo (PDT, cauda do epidídimo (TCEp) e gradiente de temperatura escrotal (GT). O sêmen foi coletado e analisado quanto às características quantitativas e qualitativas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por venopunção da jugular para obter a concentração plasmática de testosterona por radioimunoensaio (RIA). As proteínas do plasma seminal foram identificadas por eletroforese em SDS-PAGE. O índice de temperatura-umidade (ITU) por estação do ano. O GT foi maior (P<0.05) no outono (5ºC) e inverno (4.4ºC) comparado a primavera (3.4ºC) e verão (3.7ºC). O ITU da primavera (73.5) e verão (72) diferiram (P<0,05) do outono (64.5) e inverno (59.6) e houveram correlações (P<0,01) com TCE (0.54), TCEp (0.74), PPT (0.71), PDT (0.72) e GT (-0.35). Assim como, motilidade espermática (61.5%) e vigor (2.7) na primavera foram inferiores, em relação ao outono e inverno (P<0.05). A concentração plasmática de testosterona foi superior (P<0,05) no outono, em relação às demais estações do ano. As bandas proteicas do plasma seminal de 20, 55 e 66KDa contribuíram de forma positiva para a qualidade seminal. A concentração da banda com 50KDa foi elevada em todas as estações, sendo considerada indispensável para a fertilidade dos touros. Nas estações primavera e verão, nas quais o ITU excedeu o valor de 72, observou-se decréscimo na motilidade progressiva e vigor espermático. O verão e outono, as estações que apresentaram maiores porcentagens de defeitos espermáticos maiores e totais. As temperaturas do globo ocular e da superfície do escroto aumentaram na primavera e verão e o gradiente térmico e a concentração plasmática de testosterona diminuiu nas mesmas estações, concluindo que o estresse térmico com ITU acima de 72, nas estações primavera e verão, foi suficiente para afetar negativamente a reprodução de touros Nelore criados a pasto nos trópicos. Para o capítulo 2, Os objetivos do estudo foram: (1) avaliar a qualidade do sêmen bovino refrigerado transportado por 3 horas, nos sistemas passivos de transporte de sêmen BotuBOX® e BotuFLEX®, diluídos nos meios TRIS e BotuBOV®; e (2) avaliar a cinética espermática, estresse oxidativo, potencial mitocondrial e integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal do sêmen bovino pós-descongelação, diluídos nos meios TRIS e BotuBOV® e transportados nos sistemas passivos de transporte de sêmen BotuBOX® e BotuFLEX®. O sêmen de seis touros da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus), refrigeradas e congeladas em 2 meios diluentes TRIS e BotuBOV® e transportados em 2 sistemas de refrigeração BotuBOX® e BotuFLEX®. Em uma amostra de sêmen refrigerado foi realizada a análise subjetiva de motilidade (MOT) e vigor (VIG) e na amostra pós-descongelação, realizada a análise computadorizada da motilidade espermática (CASA) e por citometria de fluxo, avaliação de integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal (MPA), produção de superóxido (O2) e células íntegras (CI). Na análise pós-refrigeração, a MOT do sêmen na associação BotuBOV® e BotuFLEX® (69.4%) e TRIS e BotuFLEX® (62.9%), foram maiores (P<0.05) quando comparado à TRIS e BotuBOX®. A maior (P<0.05) MOT (45.9%) observada na análise subjetiva, MT (47.3%) e MP (37%) no CASA, MPAI (29%), CI (19.8%) e menor produção de O2- (82%) encontrados nas amostras pós-descongelação diluídas em meio BotuBOV® e transportados no sistema BotuFLEX®. Concluímos que o sêmen diluído no meio BotuBOV® e transportado na BotuBOX® ou BotuFLEX®, e diluído em meio TRIS e transportado na BotuFLEX® mantiveram a viabilidade seminal para uso do sêmen refrigerado, bem como o emprego para a congelação. A associação entre o meio diluente BotuBOV® e o sistema de transporte refrigerado de sêmen BotuFLEX® apresentou melhor efeito sobre o sêmen congelado em relação aos parâmetros de cinética espermática, integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal e redução do estresse oxidativo.

This diploma thesis is focused on the design of IP blocks for thermal camera. This termal camera is intended for plant research. The main part of the thermal camera is an infrared detector that detects a frequency in the range of 8 – 14 m. The analogue signal obtained is modified and subsequently digitized. The detector also includes a Peltier device which is designed for both detector cooling and heating, and is controlled by an external signal. The MicroZed development board implements IP blocks. The thermal camera is designed to be controlled from the MicroZed board. Device analysis is first described from the theoretical part to the design of IP blocks.

Plasma Heat Flux to Solid Structures in Tokamaks Petr Vondráček Energy and particle exhaust is the key issue for future fusion reactors based on magnetic plasma confinement, namely for tokamaks. Good understanding of processes controlling plasma heat fluxes impinging the first wall of tokamaks is of a main concern for fusion research. This doctoral thesis is focused on experimental investigation of plasma heat fluxes in different locations of the COMPASS tokamak. A new infrared thermography system was built for this purpose as a part of this PhD research. There are four main topics studied using the system. First of all, a narrow near-SOL heat flux channel with a very steep radial profile is characterised in HFS limited discharges. It is shown that the near-SOL heat flux decay length is consistent with the drift-based model of the SOL heat transport. Secondly, heat loading of leading edges of misaligned limiters is broadly studied. The optical approximation of the heat flux distribution around a poloidal leading edge is confirmed as a valid approach. Heat loading of a magnetically shadowed side of a toroidal limiter gap is observed experimentally for the first time confirming predictions of particle-in-cell code simulations. Thirdly, localised hot-spots caused by the impact of runaway electrons as well as...

Byggbranschen genomgår för närvarande en modernisering där drönarteknik är en del av denna. Bygg- och fastighetsföretag är nyfikna på att testa nya teknologier för att förbättra sitt arbetssätt och där är drönare försedd med värmekamera ett intressant område att utforska. Genom en djupgående undersökning belyser denna rapport genom relevanta litteraturstudier och intervjustudier marknadens läge idag, fördelar och hinder vid implementationen av drönare med monterad värmekamera för termiska inspektioner samt teknikens framtida utvecklingspotential. För att redogöra de begränsningar som kan uppstå kring en byggtermisk inspektion med drönare har ett fall framförts till intervjupersonerna för att tydligare kunna jämföra drönaren med den traditionellt handhållna värmekameran. Detta för att komma fram till om drönare är ett braverktyg för bygginspektören. I resultatdelen påvisas att drönare utrustade med värmekamera kan vara ett bra komplement till handhållna värmekameror och att bygginspektörer kommer använda sig mer av drönare i framtiden. / The construction industry is currently undergoing a modernizationwhere drone technology is a part of this. Construction and realestate companies are curious to test new technologies to improvetheir way of working, where drones equipped with a thermal camera isan area that is being fully explored. Through an in-depth analysis, this report highlights through relevantliterature studies and interview studies, benefits and barriers inthe implementation of drone technology for thermal inspections andthe future development potential of the technology through relevantliterature studies and interview studies. In order to describe the limitations that may arise regarding abuilding thermal inspection with drones, a case has been put forwardto the interviewees in order to more clearly compare the drone withthe traditionally hand-held thermal camera. This is to decide whetherdrones are a good tool for building inspectors. The results section shows that drones with a thermal camera equipped,in some cases are a good complement to the traditional handheldthermal camera and that drones are to be used more by buildinginspectors in the future.