Ce travail concerne, la synthèse, la caractérisation structurale, morphologique et optique de matrices de titanates de baryum (BaTiO3) activées par les ions Eu3+, Er3+ et Yb3+. Trois voies de synthèse sont étudiées : sol-gel, hydrothermale et solide. Il a été montré que la synthèse hydrothermale conduisait à des poudres nanométriques constituées de particules de 20 nm, dix fois plus petites que celles rencontrées dans les poudres obtenues par les techniques classiques de céramisation. L' influence de ce paramètre sur la structure cristallographique des titanates a pu être mise en évidence. L'ajout d'agents chélatants au cours de la synthèse sol-gel permet de modifier la morphologie des poudres et de stabiliser les sols destinés à l'élaboration de revêtements. Des films épais monocouche ( 800 nm) de titanates de baryum dopés Er3+ et Eu3+ ont été ainsi obtenus. Une étude des propriétés optiques des ions de terres rares dans les différents systèmes synthétisés a été menée en enregistrant les différents spectres d'exitation et d'émission. Les phénomènes de transfert d'énergie entre les ions de terres rares ont été étudiés dans les matrices co-dopées

High capacitance devices were developed using rapid electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of barium titanate (BaTiO3) on ultrasonically etched nickel (Ni) substrates. The microstructural and electrical properties of films with varying thicknesses, sintering temperatures and substrate etching times were investigated to study their effect on the capacitance. Although increasing the capacitance was the primary goal, decreasing manufacturing costs and reducing environmental impact was also considered. After confirming the tetragonality and particle size of a 0.2 µm hydrothermal powder, it was dispersed in an aqueous-organic mixture of ethanol, acetone and water. A zeta potential of 50 mV was observed at the EPD pH level (6.8). Flocculation or coagulation was not likely in this situation. Therefore, mixing water with an organic solution was an effective method for reducing environmental impact while maintaining deposition quality. The presence of BaCO3 in the films was proven using X-ray diffraction. Other impurities such as TiO2 and NiO were not detected. A significant variation in the average grain size was not observed for films with different thicknesses whereas films sintered at different temperatures displayed greater variation. A bimodal pore size distribution in the samples suggested that the powder was agglomerated after deposition due to a high deposition voltage (20 V). Rapid deposition times of 2 to 8 seconds offered a potential for cost reduction compared to longer deposition times implemented in industry. Therefore the increased porosity was accepted. The dielectric constant of the films increased from 2900 to 6730 as the thickness increased from 17.75 µm to 47.5 µm. The dissipation factor decreased from 0.27 to 0.06 with increasing thickness. This behavior was attributed to a low dielectric constant interfacial layer and a higher dielectric leakage current at smaller thicknesses. The dielectric constant increased from 1700 to 6350 and the dissipation factor decreased from 0.23 to 0.04 as the sintering temperature increased from 1150°C to 1300°C. This was attributed to an increase in tetragonality with grain size and a decrease in porosity with sintering temperature. Finally, etching a substrate for 60 seconds increased its capacitance by 27.47% and using ultrasonic agitation further increased the capacitance by 8.75%. / Thesis (Master, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-10-12 00:54:53.915

Les matériaux ferroélectriques de type pérovskite PbTiO3 et LiNbO3 présentent un grand intérêt en raison de l'existence de phase ferroélectrique, et la possibilité de modifier leurs propriétés physiques par de nombreuses substitutions ioniques. De plus ces matériaux présentent des propriétés physiques, diélectriques, électro-optiques, optiques non linéaires et électroniques performantes, qui en font des matériaux très utilisés dans de nombreuses applications dans différents domaines. Le travail de cette thèse concerne la synthèse et l'étude des propriétés physicochimiques des pérovskites de type PT:Mg et LN:Mg ou LN:Ho sous forme de poudres, céramiques et le tirage de fibres cristallines à partir de ces poudres. L'intérêt de notre travail, a porté sur l'étude du rôle des dopants, de leur incorporation dans la structure cristalline hôte et l'étude de leurs effets sur les propriétés physiques et fonctionnelles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le Mg affecte la quadracité du PT, il intègre le site A avant 10% en Mg au-delà, il intègre les deux sites A et B. L'analyse diélectrique montre que le composé conserve le comportement d'un ferroélectrique classique en montée en température, par contre en descente, le composé présente un comportement relaxeur. Les caractérisations structurales montrent que l'incorporation du dopant (Mg ou Ho) dans la maille du LN induit une déformation du réseau cristallin. Jusqu'à 5% mol, le Mg substitut le Li (site A), réduit le nombre des défauts intrinsèques (Nb en antisite) et diminue l'intensité de la photoluminescence. Au-delà, il intègre les deux sites A et B. l'holmium incorpore le LN et n'affecte pas l'intensité de la photoluminescence, il intègre la maille en site interstitiel. Nous avons tiré des fibres cristallines de LN et LN:Ho2% par la méthode µ-PD, les fibres obtenues, de longueur de quelques centimètres avec un diamètre inférieur au mm. La caractérisation de ces fibres montre que sont de LN et leurs propriétés peuvent être améliorées par des traitements thermiques / The ferroelectric materials of the perovskite type PbTiO3 and LiNbO3 have of great interest because of the existence of ferroelectric phase, and the possibility of modifying their physical properties by many ionic substitutions. In addition, these materials have physical properties, dielectric, electro-optical, dielectrics, non-linear optical and the performing electronics, who make materials very much used in many applications in various fields. The work of this thesis concerns the synthesis and study of physicochemical properties of perovskites type PT: Mg and LN: Mg or LN: Ho in the form of powders, ceramics and pulling crystalline fibers from these powders. The interest of our work, has focused on studying the role of dopants, the incorporation into the host crystal structure and study of their effects on the physical and functional properties. The results show that Mg affects the quadracité PT, it integrates the Site before 10% Mg, beyond it integrates the two sites A and B. The dielectric analysis shows that the compound retains the behavior of a classical ferroelectric in temperature mounted, for against by descent, the compound exhibits a relaxor behavior. The structural characterizations show that the incorporation of the dopant (Mg or Ho) in the stitch of LN induced a deformation of the crystal stitch. Up to 5% mol the Mg substitute Li (Site A), reduced the number of intrinsic defects (Nb antisite) and decreases the intensity of the photoluminescence. Beyond, it integrates the two sites A and B. holmium incorporates the LN and does not affect the intensity of the photoluminescence, it integrates the stitch in interstitial site. We pulled the crystalline fibers LN and LN: Ho2% by the µ-PD method, the fibers obtained, a few centimeters in length with a diameter less than to mm. The characterization of these fibers shows that are the LN and their properties can be improved by the heat treatments

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have attracted much interest as the most efficient electrochemical device to directly convert chemical energy to usable electrical energy. The porous Ni-YSZ anode known as the state-of-the-art cermet anode material is found to show serious degradation when using hydrocarbon as fuel due to carbon deposition, sulphur poisoning, and nickel sintering. In order to overcome these problems, doped strontium titanate has been investigated as a potential anode material due to its high electronic conductivity and stability in reducing atmosphere. In this work, A-site deficient strontium titanate co-doped with lanthanum and calcium, La₀.₂Sr₀.₂₅Ca₀.₄₅TiO₃ (LSCT[sub](A-)), was examined. Flat multilayer ceramics have been produced using the aqueous tape casting technique by controlling the sintering behaviour of LSCT[sub](A-), resulting in a 450µm thick porous LSCT[sub](A-) scaffold with a well adhered 40µm dense YSZ electrolyte. Impregnation of CeO₂ and Ni results in a maximum power density of 0.96Wcm⁻² at 800°C, higher than those of without impregnation (0.124Wcm⁻²) and with impregnation of Ni alone (0.37Wcm⁻²). The addition of catalysts into LSCT[sub](A-) anode significantly reduces the polarization resistance of the cells, suggesting an insufficient electrocatalytic activity of the LSCT[sub](A-) backbone for hydrogen oxidation, but LSCT[sub](A-) can provide the electronic conductivity required for anode. Later, the cells with the configuration of LSCT[sub](A-)/YSZ/LSCF-YSZ were prepared by the organic tape casting and impregnation techniques with only 300-m thick anode as support. The effects of metallic catalysts in the anode supports on the initial performance and stability in humidified hydrogen were discussed. The nickel and iron impregnated LSCT[sub](A-) cell exhibits a maximum powder density of 272mW/cm² at 700°C, much larger than 43mW/cm² for the cell without impregnation and 112mW/cm² for the cell with nickel impregnation. Simultaneously, the bimetal Ni-Fe impregnates have significantly reduced the degradation rates in humidified hydrogen (3% H₂O) at 700°C. The enhancement from impregnation of the bi-metal can possibly be the result of the presence of ionic conducting Wustite Fe₁₋ₓO that resides underneath the Ni-Fe metallic particles and better microstructure. Third, in order to improve the ionic conductivity of the anode support and increase the effective TPBs, ionic conducting ceria was impregnated into the LSCT[sub](A-) anode, along with the metallic catalysts. The CeO₂-LSCT[sub](A-) cell shows a poor performance upon operation in hydrogen atmosphere containing 3% H₂O; and with addition of metallic catalysts, the cell performance increases drastically by almost three-fold. However, the infiltrated Ni particles on the top of ceria layer cause the deposition of carbon filament leading to cell cracking when exposure to humidified methane (3% H₂O). No such behaviour was observed on the CeO₂-NiFe impregnated anode. The microstructure images of the impregnated anodes at different times during stability testing demonstrate that the grain growth of catalysts, the interaction between the anode backbone and infiltrates, and the spalling of the agglomerated catalysts are the main reasons for the performance degradation. Fourth, the YSZ-LSCT[sub](A-) composites including the YSZ contents of 5-80wt.% were investigated to determine the percolation threshold concentration of YSZ to achieve electronic and ionic conducting pathways when using the composite as SOFC anode backbone. The microstructure and dilatometric curves show that when the YSZ content is below 30%, the milled sample has a lower shrinkage than the unmilled one due to the blocking effect from the well distributed YSZ grains within LSCT[sub](A-) bulk. However, at the YSZ above 30% where two phases start to form the individual and interconnected bulk, the composites without ball milling process show a lower densification. The impact of YSZ concentration and ball milling process on the electrical properties of the composites reveals that the percolation threshold concentration is not only dependant on the actual concentration, but also related to the local arrangement of two phases. In Napier University, the electroless nickel-ceramic co-depositon process was investigated as a manufacturing technique for the anodes of planar SOFCs, which entails reduced costs and reduced high-temperature induced defects, compared with conventional fabrication techniques. The Ni-YSZ anodes prepared by the electroless co-deposition technique without the addition of surfactant adhere well to the YSZ electrolyte before and after testing at 800°C in humidified hydrogen. Ni-YSZ anodes co-deposited with pore-forming starch showed twice the maximum power density compared with those without the starch. It has therefore been demonstrated that a porous Ni-YSZ cermet structure was successfully manufactured by means of an electroless plating technique incorporating pore formers followed by firing at 450°C in air. Although the use of surfactant (CTAB) increases the plating thickness, it induces the formation of a Ni-rich layer on the electrolyte/anode interface, leading to the delamination of anode most likely due to the mismatched TECs with the adjacent YSZ electrolyte.

Thin films of Strontium Ruthenate have been grown on Strontium Titanate and Lanthanum Aluminate (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction results show that the films grown on the Strontium Titanate are amorphous and polycrystalline on the Lanthanum Aluminate. Resistances versus temperature measurements show that the films exhibit semiconducting characteristics. In addition to the growth of Strontium Ruthenate thin films, multilayer heterostructures of Terfenol-D thin films on polycrystalline Lead Titanate thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition. By using a novel experimental technique called magnetic field assisted piezoelectric force microscopy it is possible to investigate the magnetoelectric coupling between the electrostrictive Lead Titanate and magnetostrictive Terfenol-D thin film. Upon examination of the produced thin films the phase and amplitude components of the piezoelectric signal experience changes in response to an applied in-plane magnetic field. These changes provide experimental evidence of a magnetoelectric coupling between the Terfenol-D and Lead Titanate layers.

[pt] Materiais plásticos são largamente utilizados em nosso dia-a-dia em embalagens, sacos e outros produtos. Este tipo de material é utilizado devido a suas propriedades como baixo custo, fácil processabilidade, baixa densidade, resistência a microorganismos e água, estabilidade química e durabilidade. Devido às duas últimas propriedades, os polímeros apresentam baixa degradabilidade, causando problemas ambientais. Como óxido de titânio (TiO2) tem se apresentado eficiente como fotocatalisador, reforçar plástico com partículas deste material tem sido uma nova maneira de decompor polímeros a céu aberto. Nanotubos de trititanato (TTNT) podem ser tratados para produzir nanomateriais à base de TiO2 com alta atividade fotocatalítica para a degradação de gases poluentes. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo produzir e caracterizar filmes de polietileno reforçados com quatro tipos de nanomateriais à base de TiO2: TTNT sem pós-tratamento (A1), TTNT pós-tratado termicamente a 550 graus Celsius (A5), TTNT pós-tratado com ácido (A11) e, como referência, partículas de óxido de titânio comercial fornecido pela Degussa (P-25). Os filmes foram expostos à luz UV em uma caixa fechada por 350 horas em temperatura ambiente. A degradação foi avaliada por meio da perda de peso do filme ao longo do tempo. Os filmes virgens e fotodegradados foram caracterizados por Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Calorimetria diferencial de Varredura (DSC), Termogravimetria (TGA) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Os filmes com TTNT pós-tratado fotodegradaram mais do que os com TTNT não tratado, mas menos que os que continham TiO2. Este resultado foi parcialmente atribuído à dificuldade de dispersão dos nanomateriais. / [en] Plastic materials are widely used in our daily lives in bags, food packaging and other products and applications. This type of material is used because of properties such as low-cost, easy processability, low density, resistance to water and microorganisms, and chemical stability and durability. Due to the last two properties, polymers show low biodegradability causing enviro nmental pollution. As titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been shown to be an efficient photocatalyst, the mixture of plastic with this material has been proven to be a new and useful way to decompose solid polymers in open air. Trititanate nanotubes (TTNT) can also be used as a route for developing TiO2-based nanomaterials with high photocatalytic activity for degradation of gas pollutants. Thus, the present research aims to produce degradable polyethylene polymer (PE) films composed with four types of TiO2-based nanomaterials: TTNT as synthesized (A1), TTNT with thermal post-treatment at 550 Celsius degrees (A5), TTNT with acid post-treatment (A11), and, as a reference, commercial TiO2 nanoparticles from Degussa Company (P25).The main characterization tool was the weight reduction measurement during the degradation process. The films were exposed to artificial UV light under ambient air for 350 hours. Virgin and degraded filmes where characterized by X-ray Diffraction, UV-Vis absorption, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Films with post-treated TTNT showed stronger degradation than films with non-treated loads, but weaker than films containing TiO2. This result was partially assigned to the poor dispersion of the nanomaterials.

[pt] A rápida evolução tecnológica vem acompanhada da necessidade de se obter cada vez mais materiais com melhores desempenhos. Os materiais poliméricos, muito utilizados em nosso cotidiano devido as suas características de boa resistência, boa estabilidade química, fácil processabilidade e baixo custo, ainda são restritos para algumas aplicações devido as suas baixas propriedades mecânicas e térmicas, quando comparados ao aço. A fim de atender a essas características, os materiais compósitos à base de polímeros vêm ganhando um importante espaço. Muito já foi relatado sobre a eficiência da inclusão de cargas em escala nanométrica em uma matriz polimérica, para se obter melhoras nas propriedades térmicas e mecânicas. A poliamida 11, muito utilizada em aplicações offshore como revestimento de risers, é um exemplo de polímero que pode possuir melhores propriedades com a aplicação de reforços. Os nanotubos de titanato apresentam boas características mecânicas com módulo de Young em torno de 230 GPa e se apresentam como uma boa carga para nanocompósitos. Sendo assim, no presente trabalho foram fabricados compósitos à base de poliamida 11 com cargas de nanotubos de titanano (TTNT) e nanopartículas de TiO2. Os nanotubos utilizados possuem estrutura de trititanatos e as nanopartículas são do tipo comercial P-25 e foram utilizadas no intuito de comparar os resultados obtidos com os nanotubos, uma vez que estas possuem uma área superficial bem menor. Os nanocompósitos fabricados (A1, A2, A3 e A4) e a poliamida 11 pura (A0 e Ap) foram submetidos a ensaios de tração, termogravimetria (TGA) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foi observada uma melhora significativa nas propriedades mecânicas para as amostras A1 e A3 e nas propriedades térmicas para as amostras A1, A3 e A4, quando comparadas com a poliamida pura. / [en] The fast technological developments comes with the need to obtain more materials combined with better performance. Polimeric materials, commonly used in our daily because of its characteristics of good strength, good chemical stability, easy processability and low cost, are still restricted for some applications owing to their low mechanical and thermal properties compared to steel. In order to improve these characteristics, composite materials based on polymers are gaining an important space. Much has been reported on the effectiveness of inclusion of fillers at nanoscale in a polymer matrix, to obtain improvements in mechanical and thermal properties. The polyamide 11, widely used in offshore applications as coatings of risers, is one example of polymer which can has better properties with the use of reinforcement. The titanate nanotubes exhibit good mechanical properties with Young’s modulus around 230 GPa and appear as good nanocomposite reinforcement. In this study, polyamide 11 composites reinforced with titanate nanotubes (TTNT) and TiO2 nanoparticles were manufactured. The nanotubes used have trititanate structure and the nanoparticles are the commercial type P-25 and were used in order to compare the results with the nanotubes, as the nanoparticles have a smaller surface area. The nanocomposites produced (A1, A2, A3 and A4) and pure polyamide 11 (A0 and Ap) were submitted to tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A significant improvement on mechanical properties for samples A1 and A3 and for thermal properties in samples A1, A3 and A4 were observed when compared to pure polyamide.

A síntese de nano partículas e a sua caracterização tem sido a grande mola propulsora do desenvolvimento de materiais nano-estruturados. Pouca atenção tem sido dedicada aos fenômenos físico-químicos relacionados às enormes superfícies intrínsecas destes materiais. Dentre eles, o titanato de bário ocupa uma posição de destaque devido ao seu grande potencial na geração de produtos de alta tecnologia. Neste estudo o BaTiO3 foi sintetizado pelo método Pechini que proporciona a geração de nanopartículas de grande uniformidade química. Contudo, o uso de cátions que formam carbonatos de alta estabilidade pode inviabilizar o uso do método. Os pós de titanato de bário preparados apresentaram elevada área de superfície específica, mas formação de fases parasitas de carbonato de bário e em algumas estequiometrias de ortotitanato de bário e carbonatos adsorvidos à superfície do titanato de bário. O estudo sistemático da química de superfície e da estrutura cristalina do material permitiu a proposta de um método de lixiviação em meio ácido onde as fases parasitas foram eliminadas e um material nanométrico de grande potencial de aplicação foi obtido com as seguintes características: fase com simetria tetragonal predominante ~95% (apesar da coexistência de fase cúbica ~5%); tamanho de cristalito ou partícula primária de 44 nm; área de superfície específica igual a 13,4 m2/g e D(BET) de 74 nm; está isento de contaminação de carbonatos ou outra fase; relação estequiométrica de Ba/Ti = 0,96 -> Ba0,98Ti1,02O3. / The synthesis and characterization of Nanoparticles has been a great topic for nanostructured materials developments. The Relationship between Physicochemical phenomena and large surface area has had a little attention. The barium titanate has a great potential of high-tech products generation. In this work, the BaTiO3 was prepared by polymeric precursor method because this method generates a great chemical uniformity in nanoparticles. However, cations that form carbonates of high-stability may compromise this method use. The barium titanate powder was prepared and showed high specific surface area, but this powder has barium carbonate and ortotitanato contamination. The systematic surface chemistry and crystal structure study suggest an acid leaching method to contaminant phases eliminated. A nanomaterial of great potential for application was obtained with the following characteristics: tetragonal phase predominant ~95% (cubic phase coexist ~5%); crystallite size of 44 nm; surface area of 13,4 m2/g and Particle size (estimated BET) of 74 nm; carbonate free; Ba/Ti = 0,96 -> Ba0,98Ti1,02O3.

Este trabalho, realizado junto ao Grupo de Novos Materiais e Dispositivos (GNMD) pertencente ao Laboratório de Microeletrônica (LME) da Universidade de São Paulo, teve como objetivo correlacionar algumas propriedades físico-químicas de filmes finos de Ba1-XSrxTiO3 (BST), obtidos pela técnica de pulverização catódica reativa (sputtering), com os parâmetros de deposição, visando a fabricação de defasadores inteligentes operando em 60 GHz. Propriedades como cristalinidade e composição química foram estudadas e relacionadas com o tipo de substrato sobre o qual os filmes finos de BST foram depositados, e com os diversos parâmetros de deposição variados. Foi observada uma forte influência dos parâmetros de deposição, principalmente da temperatura e do tipo de substrato, na cristalinidade dos filmes. Os filmes depositados sobre cobre são mais cristalinos do que aqueles depositados sobre Si. Já a composição química dos filmes não variou significativamente, mantendo-se próxima à do alvo de sputtering utilizado, independentemente do substrato ou das condições de deposição. As propriedades elétricas dos filmes fabricados foram extraídas de capacitores de placas paralelas construídos utilizando o BST como dielétrico linear. As curvas de capacitância vs tensão a 1 MHz destes capacitores permitiram determinar uma variação de tunabilidade de até 44 %, para uma permissividade elétrica relativa de 310, valores estes compatíveis com aqueles encontrados na literatura. As propriedades elétricas dos filmes produzidos permitiram projetar um defasador de 1,3 mm2, com uma figura de mérito de 30º/dB para uma defasagem de 360º. / This work, performed at the New Materials and Devices Group (GNMD) of the Microelectronics Laboratory of the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, has the objective to correlate reactive sputtered-BST thin films to its deposition parameters, aiming to produce a 60 GHz tunable phase shifter. Thin film crystallinity and stoichiometry were correlated with sputtering deposition parameters and the type of substrate. A strong influence of the sputtering parameters was observed on BST crystallinity, mainly the temperature and the type of substrate. Thin films on copper are more crystalline than on Si (100). The stoichiometry, on the other hand, did not change as function of the deposition parameters or the substrate in both cases. The thin films electrical properties were obtained by capacitance vs voltage measurements, with the BST as linear dielectric of a parallel plate capacitor. The capacitors 1 MHz C-V characterization showed tunabilities as high as 44%, for an electrical permittivity of 310. These properties allowed a phase shifter project, resulting a 1,3 mm2 device with a figure of merit of 30 º/dB for 360 º phase shift.

Esse trabalho de dissertação de mestrado teve como principal objetivo obter amostras do sistema Pb1-xLaxTiO3(PLT) com x = 0,10, 0,15 e 0,20 e, a partir desse material, produzir amostras cerâmicas e filmes finos nanoestruturados e caracterizar suas propriedades estruturais e elétricas. As nanopartículas para a produção das cerâmicas e a solução para a deposição de filmes finos foram obtidas através do método dos precursores poliméricos. As amostras cerâmicas foram sinterizadas através do método convencional e do método de prensagem e aquecimento simultâneo. A caracterização estrutural foi realizada através das técnicas de difração de raios X (DRX), espectroscopia Raman e espectroscopia de absorção de raios X. Através das técnicas de DRX e espectroscopia Raman foi possível observar os processos de transição de fase estrutural em função da quantidade de lantânio e do tamanho de partícula. Amostras calcinadas a 400°C, que foram caracterizadas como amorfas, apresentam um espectro de absorção de raios X diferente das demais amostras caracterizadas como cristalinas. As amostras cerâmicas sinterizadas em alta temperatura e a pressão atmosférica apresentaram um comportamento microestrutural (grãos micrométricos) e elétrico (ferroelétrico normal) semelhante ao das amostras preparadas através do método de reação do estado sólido. Por outro lado, a amostra cerâmica com x = 0,20 preparada em alta pressão (7,4 GPa) e a temperatura ambiente apresentou somente grãos nanométricos. A manutenção dos grãos em uma escala nanométrica fez com que essa amostra cerâmica apresentasse um comportamento característico de um material ferroelétrico relaxor ao passo que a mesma amostra preparada através do método de síntese convencional (grãos micrométricos) apresentou um comportamento típico de um material ferroelétrico normal. / The main objective of this work was to obtain ferroelectric materials of Pb1-xLaxTiO3 (PLT) composition, with x = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, in nanometer scale in order to prepare nanostructure ceramic and thin films and characterize their structural and electric properties. The nanoparticles used to prepared ceramic samples and the solution used to prepared thin films was obtained using the conventional high temperature sintering method and by using high pressure and high temperature simultaneously. The structural modification due to particle size and lanthanum amount was followed by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray absorption techniques. The transition process was followed from XRD pattern and from the Raman spectra. Samples calcined at 400 oC that were characterized as amorphous present different X-ray absorption spectra. The ceramic samples sinterized at high temperature and ambient pressure presented a microstructure (microsized grains) and electrical properties (normal ferroelectric) similar to that observed in the same samples obtained from the solid-state reaction method. On the other hand, the ceramic sample with x = 0.20 prepared at high pressure and at room temperature formed only by nanoparticles present a behavior characteristic of a relaxor ferroelectric material showing the influence of the grain size on the electrical properties of these samples.