Varje år kommer det tusentals asylsökande till Sverige. Bland dem finns det barn som sannolikt upplevt någon typ av trauma. Förskolan är en av de första svenska samhällsinstitutioner som flyktingfamiljer kommer i kontakt med och blir därigenom en del av barnens hjälpsystem i deras återhämtning. Syftet med den här studien är därför att skapa mer kunskap om flyktingbarns trauma samt hur arbetet med detta ser ut i svenska förskoleverksamheter. Denna kvalitativa studie baseras på intervjuer med personal från förskolor, som har personliga erfarenheter av att ha arbetat med flyktingbarns trauma. Vi utförde halvstrukturerade intervjuer för att få djupare och detaljerade svar. Empirin har sedan analyserats utifrån anknytningsteorin och Traumamedveten omsorg (TMO) och diskuterats i förhållande till befintlig forskning inom ämnet. Resultatet visar att barns trauma kan visa sig på många olika sätt och att flyktingbarnen är i stort behov av trygghet och närhet av pedagogerna. Relationsbyggandet, både med barnen och deras familjer, har visat sig spela en viktig roll för att skapa förståelse och tillit. God kunskap krävs för att förskolepersonal på bästa sätt ska kunna hjälpa traumatiserade barn. För att detta ska kunna uppnås behöver förskolepersonal få kollegial stöttning och utbildningar som fokuserar på trauma.

Introdução: Métodos quantitativos sensíveis e acurados para monitorar o quimerismo hematopoiético após Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas (TCTH) são necessários para verificar o sucesso do enxerto, uma vez que os resultados influenciam a abordagem terapêutica. Método: A técnica de detecção de DNA baseada em primers inserção-específicos de marcadores genéticos do tipo InDel (Inserção/Deleção) foi avaliada quanto a sua utilidade em quantificar quimerismo em amostras de DNA em baixa concentração, em PCR em Tempo Real (qPCR). Para isso, amostras de DNA de dez pacientes submetidos a Transplante de Medula Óssea (TMO) foram analisados para quantificar a concentração de DNA residual em diferentes períodos pós-transplante. Os resultados obtidos pela InDelqPCR foram comparados com a evolução clínica descrita nos prontuários. Resultados: As quantificações do DNA residual variaram de 0,021 ng/µL a 11,71 ng/µL, correspondendo a fração de 0,065% a 40,6% do DNA total presente na amostra. Os resultados obtidos (presença ou ausência do alelo inserção) foram condizentes com a evolução clínica dos pacientes, em alguns casos, evidenciando quimerismo prévio ao relatado nos prontuários. Conclusão: Nossos dados demonstram a utilidade do método InDel-qPCR, baseada em primers inserçãoespecíficos, no monitoramento de quimerismo hematopoiético. / Introduction: Sensitive and accurate quantitative methods to monitor hematopoietic chimerism after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) are necessary to evaluate engraftment since the results influence a therapeutic approach. Method: DNA detection technique based on insert-specific primers for Insertion/Deletion polymorphism (InDel) was evaluated for chimerism quantification of samples with low amounts of DNA, by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Samples of patients undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) collected at different post-transplantation times were analyzed to quantify the residual DNA concentration. Then, the results found using InDel-qPCR were compared to the medical records. Results: DNA quantifications ranged from 0.021 ng/?L to 11.71 ng/?L, corresponding to a fraction of 0.065% to 40.6% of the total DNA. Our results, in some cases, shows chimerism presence previously to that reported in the medical records. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate the usefulness of the InDelqPCR method based on insertion-specific primers in the monitoring of hematopoietic chimerism.

When a vehicle enters an intersection with insufficient space to exit on the opposite side the result is often the obstruction of pedestrians and other vehicles, this phenomenon is usually referred to as "blocking the box." The purpose of this study was to determine different characteristics of blocking that might be considered in determining the installment of a "Don't Block the Box" (DBTB) campaign. This study identified potentially problematic intersections in Atlanta, Georgia and collected information, such as the number of vehicles that block the intersection (box junction), the amount of green time with blocking, and the percentages in which approaches were blocked. Based on the results it was found the characteristics of the number of blockers, percentage of green time with blocking, and the percentage of lost capacity are excellent indicators for a possible DBTB campaign. Organizations interested in potentially starting a DBTB should consider these characteristics part of the determination of suitability of DBTB for an intersection. Within this study is was found that the intersections of Peachtree Road & Highland Drive, Peachtree Road & Stratford Road, Peachtree Road & Lenox Mall Entrance, and 10th Street & Williams Street showed to be potential candidates for a DBTB campaign in Atlanta, Georgia. During the study period these intersections had high percentages of lost capacity, high number of blocks, and high percentages of green time with blocking. In conjunction with the DBTB data analysis a "DBTB survey" was developed. The objective of this survey was to help gain a better understanding of the current trends in DBTB campaigns around the United States. The "DBTB Survey" received 75 responses from 415 organizations around the nation, a 18.1% response rate. Six (60%) of the ten participants that currently have a DBTB campaign found a sufficient level of improvement in traffic operations and 46 of the total respondents (60%) proclaimed that if DBTB campaigns were shown to be an economical alternative for traffic management they would consider starting one to help congestion and safety.

Ces dernières années, les contenus vidéos ont évolué très rapidement. En effet, les télévisions (TV) ont rapidement évolué vers l’Ultra Haute résolution (UHD), la Haute Fréquence d’images (HFR) ou la stéréoscopie (3D). La tendance actuelle est à l’imagerie à Haute Dynamique de luminance (HDR). Ces technologies permettent de reproduire des images beaucoup plus lumineuses que celles des écrans actuels. Chacune de ces améliorations représente une augmentation du coût de stockage et nécessite la création de nouveaux standards de compression vidéo, toujours plus performant. La majorité des consommateurs est actuellement équipé de TV ayant une Dynamique Standard (SDR) qui ne supportent pas les contenus HDR et ils vont lentement renouveler leurs écrans pour un HDR. Il est donc important de délivrer un signal HDR qui puisse être décodé par ces deux types d’écrans. Cette rétro compatibilité est rendue possible par un outil appelé TMO (Tone Mapping Operator) qui transforme un contenu HDR en une version SDR. Au travers de cette thèse, nous explorons de nouvelles méthodes pour améliorer la compression HDR rétro compatible. Premièrement, nous concevons un TMO qui optimise les performances d’un schéma de compression scalable où une couche de base et d’amélioration sont envoyées pour reconstruire les contenus HDR et SDR. Il est démontré que le TMO optimal dépend seulement de la couche SDR de base et que le problème de minimisation peut être séparé en deux étapes consécutives. Pour ces raisons, nous proposons ensuite un autre TMO conçu pour optimiser les performances d’un schéma de compression utilisant uniquement une couche de base mais avec un modèle amélioré et plus précis. Ces deux travaux optimisent des TMO pour images fixes. Par la suite, la thèse se concentre sur l’optimisation de TMO spécifiques à la vidéo. Cependant, on y démontre que l’utilisation d’une prédiction pondérée pour la compression SDR est aussi bon voir meilleur que d’utiliser un TMO optimisé temporellement. Pour ces raisons, un nouvel algorithme et de nouveaux modes de prédictions pondérées sont proposés pour gérer plus efficacement la large diversité des changements lumineux dans les séquences vidéos. / In recent years, video content evolved very quickly. Indeed, televisions (TV) quickly evolved to Ultra High Definition (UHD), High Frame Rate (HFR) or stereoscopy (3D). The recent trend is towards High Dynamic range (HDR). These new technologies allow the reproduction of much brighter images than for actual displays. Each of these improvements represents an increase in storage cost and therefore requires the creation of new video compression standards, always more efficient. The majority of consumers are currently equipped with Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) displays, that cannot handle HDR content. Consumers will slowly renew their display to an HDR one and it is therefore of great importance to deliver an HDR signal that can be decoded by both SDR and HDR displays. Such backward compatibility is provided by a tool called Tone Mapping Operator (TMO) which transforms an HDR content into an SDR version. In this thesis, we explore new methods to improve the backward compatible HDR compression. First, we design a Tone Mapping to optimize scalable compression scheme performances where a base and an enhancement layer are sent to reconstruct the SDR and HDR content. It is demonstrated that the optimum TMO only depends on the SDR base layer and that the minimization problem can be separated in two consecutive minimization steps. Based on these observations, we then propose another TMO designed to optimize the performances of compression schemes using only a base layer but with an enhanced and more precise model. Both of these works optimize TMO for still images. Thereafter, this thesis focuses on the optimization of video-specific TMO. However, we demonstrate that using a weighted prediction for the SDR compression is as good or even better than using a temporally optimized TMO. Therefore, we proposed a new weighted prediction algorithm and new weighted prediction modes to handle more efficiently the large diversity of brightness variations in video sequences.

The elastic properties of novel transition metal oxides have been investigated, using a powerful technique known as Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy (RUS). Two sets of transition metal oxides have been studied. One is the ruthenate Ca2-xSrxRuO4 series with a layered perovskite structure, a Mott transition system that connects the Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 with the unconventional superconductor Sr2RuO4. The other set contains geometrically frustrated materials, including vanadium spinels AV2O4 (A = Zn, Mn and Fe) and titanate pyrochlores A2Ti2O7 (A= Y, Tb, Yb, Ho and Dy). The elastic response of five Ca2-xSrxRuO4 single crystals (x = 2.0, 1.9, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.2) has been measured. For 2.0 ≥ x ≥ 0.5, a dramatic softening over a wide temperature range is observed upon cooling, caused by the rotational instability of RuO6 octahedra (for x = 2.0 and 1.9) or the static rotation of the octahedra (for x = 0.5). For the Ca-rich samples (x = 0.3 and 0.2), the softening occurs in a very narrow temperature range, corresponding to the structural phase transition from high-temperature-tetragonal to low-temperature-orthorhombic symmetry. Elastic softening in ZnV2O4 is observed near the cubic-to-tetragonal structural phase transition at 50 K. The elastic response of MnV2O4 is quite unusual, displaying a softening over a wide temperature range with decreasing temperature. Upon cooling, C’ of FeV2O4 becomes so soft that it drops to almost zero around 140 K, where the cubic-to-tetragonal structural transition occurs. For Y2Ti2O7, all three elastic constants show normal “Varshni” behavior. For spin liquid Tb2Ti2O7, all three elastic constants show a pronounced softening below 50 K, indicative of a possible Jahn-Teller, cubic-to-tetragonal transition at very low temperatures. It is also found that the application of a magnetic field suppresses the elastic softening in this compound. Another spin liquid Yb2Ti2O7 shows no elastic softening. The elastic moduli of the spin-ice compounds, Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7, show a broad “dip” around 100 K, which is believed to be caused by the strong crystal field effect in those two compounds.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ceilândia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologia em Saúde, 2015. / Submitted by Fernanda Percia França (fernandafranca@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-29T11:20:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_FellipeAmatuzziTeixeira.pdf: 9616824 bytes, checksum: 45a974a4107416960027ab3b975bf748 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-01-29T18:34:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_FellipeAmatuzziTeixeira.pdf: 9616824 bytes, checksum: 45a974a4107416960027ab3b975bf748 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T18:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_FellipeAmatuzziTeixeira.pdf: 9616824 bytes, checksum: 45a974a4107416960027ab3b975bf748 (MD5) / Introdução: O Tratamento Manipulativo Osteopático (TMO) é dito capaz de modular o sistema vascular e o sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA). No entanto, do que é do nosso conhecimento, ainda não existe na literatura estudos associando as respostas hemodinâmicas e autonômicas pós TMO (lacuna 1). Contudo, ainda é controverso quais técnicas de TMO seriam melhores para modular o SNA (lacuna 2) e se é seguro receber o TMO sob o ponto de vista cardiovascular (lacuna 3). Objetivo: Estudar as lacunas supracitadas. Método: Lacuna 1: Ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR) comparando os efeitos do TMO na função vascular e autonômica – análise do dilatação fluxo mediada (DFM) e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) – em cardiopatas. Lacuna 2: Revisão sistemática com metanálise (RSMA) acerca dos efeitos da tratamento manual da coluna vertebral (TMCV) no SNA (medidos por VFC e condutância da pele). Lacuna 3: ECR comparando a influência do TMO cervical em indivíduos saudáveis na pressão arterial (PA) e frequência cardíaca (FC) verificando a segurança de receber TMO. Resultados: Lacuna 1: Verificou-se um aumento da DMF (pre x time course 14%±2,29 para 23,5% ±6,87 p=0,027), diferença absoluta (pre x time course 0,6mm ±0,159 para 1,07 ±0,29 p=0,03) e diâmetro de pico (pre x time course 4,9mm ±0,74 para 5,67 ±0,76 p=0,003 and post x time course 5,2mm ±0,58 para 5,67±0,76 p=0,02). Todavia, na função autonômica houve aumento dos índices vagais imediatamente após a técnica (RMSSD, SDNN e SD1) e após 10 minutos de follow-up a manutenção do aumento vagal além de aumento de índice simpático (LF). Lacuna 2: RSMA: A manipulação promove aumento da LFnorm e LF/HF. A mobilização intra articular aumenta a condutância da pele (durante a aplicação). Não há alteração do sistema parassimpático e FC após a manipulação. Supreendentemente, após a execução da mobilização intra articular, condutância da pele também não alterou. Lacuna 3: ECR: Sem alterações relevantes na PA e FC após TMO cervical em nenhum dos grupos imediatamente nem após 24 horas. Conclusão: Lacuna 1: O TMO foi capaz de modular o sistema vascular e autonômico em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Supreendentemente, os ajustes vasculares parecem ocorrer imediatamente após a aplicação da técnica, independente da modulação simpática. Lacuna 2: RSMA: As TMCV aumentam o SNA simpático, porém não altera o parassimpático nem a FC. Lacuna 3: ECR: O TMO cervical não produz alteração imediata e 24 horas significativas na PA e FC, mostrando ser seguro do ponto de vista cardiovascular. / Introduction: Osteopathic Manipulative treatment (OMT) is said to be able to modulate the vascular system and the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, what we know, does not yet exist in the literature studies associating the hemodynamic responses and post OMT autonomic (gap 1). However, it's still controversial which OMT techniques would be best to modulate the ANS (gap 2) and if it is safe to receive the OMT cardiovascular point of view (gap 3). Objective: Study the above-mentioned gaps. Method: Gap 1: randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing the effects of OMT on vascular and Autonomic function-analysis of flow mediated dilation (FMD) and heart rate variability (HRV)-in cardiac patients. 2 gap: systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) about the effects of manual treatment of the spine (MTS) in ANS (measured by HRV and skin conductance). Gap 3: RCT comparing the influence of cervical OMT in healthy individuals in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) checking the safety of receiving OMT. Results: Gap 1: FMD incresead (pre x time course 14% ± 2.29 to 23.5% ± 6.87 p = 0.027), absolute difference (pre x time course 0, 6 mm ± 1.07 ± 0.29 for 0.159 p = 0.03) and diameter of peak (pre x time course 4, 9 mm ± 0.74 to 5.67 ± 0.76 p = 0.003 and post x time course 5 mm ± 0.58 to 5.67 ± 0.76 p = 0.02) also. However, vagal autonomic function indices increased immediately after the technique (RMSSD, SDNN and SD1) and after 10 minutes of follow-up increased vagal maintenance in addition to increased sympathetic (LF) index. 2 Gap: RSMA: Manipulation promotes increased LFnorm and LF/HF. Intra articular mobilization improves skin conductance (during the application). No change of the parasympathetic system and HR after the manipulation. Amazingly, after the execution of the intra articular mobilization, skin conductance also did not change. Gap 3: RCT: Without relevant changes in BP and HR after cervical OMT in any of the groups immediately or after 24 hours. Conclusion: Gap 1: the OMT was able to modulate the vascular and Autonomic system in patients with heart failure. Amazingly, the vascular adjustments seem to occur immediately after the application of the technique, independent of the sympathetic modulation. 2 gap: SRMA: MTS increase sympathetic ANS, but does not change the parasympathetic or HR. Gap 3: RCT: The cervical OMT does not produce immediate change and 24 hours in BP and HR significant showing be safe on cardiovascular point of view.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur pedagoger kan inkludera barn med trauma och vilken kompetens förskolorna besitter för att kunna hjälpa och stödja dessa barn. Därtill undersöks pedagogers uppfattningar av sitt uppdrag gällande inkluderande arbete med fokus på barn med trauma. Vi använder en kvalitativ ansats i denna studie genom åtta öppna dock strukturerade frågor som förskollärare och specialpedagoger svarar skriftligt på. Frågeformuläret skickades ut till pedagoger för att utforska deras tillvägagångssätt när det gäller att arbeta med barn som har upplevt psykisk ohälsa eller genomgått en traumatisk händelse. Resonemang och analys i studien byggs på en kvalitativ ansats. Studiens text anses som explicit för att läsaren inte behöver läsa mellan raderna snarare har läsaren möjlighet att sätta sig in i sammanhanget även utan förkunskap.      Förskollärare och specialpedagoger kommer från Polen och Sverige, för att möjliggöra en bred förståelse i ämnet. Relationen mellan vuxen och barn betraktas som fundamental för barns lärande och utveckling, vilket synliggörs i resultatet. Resultatet belyser att lågaffektivt bemötande, lyhördhet, förmåga att reflektera och en trygg miljö erbjuder utrymme för att konstruera goda och trygga relationer till varje barn. Dessutom belyser resultatet vilka förutsättningar för att bemöta och inkludera barn med trauma som redan finns samt vilka som saknas för pedagogerna i förskolan. Resultatet visar att det finns befintliga och nytillkomna utmaningar för pedagogerna i sitt uppdrag med att inkludera barn med trauma men också att de erbjuds stöd från externa källor i sitt arbete. I studiens slutsats framträder en samstämmig uppfattning med tidigare forskning om att goda och trygga relationer i förskolan är betydelsefulla för utförandet av pedagogernas uppdrag samt barns lärande och utveckling.