Diploma thesis provides a comprehensive viewpoint at transport services in the Pardubice region, both in terms of public transport supply and demand from people at it. One of the key objectives of this work is to find the influence of characteristics on the selection of mode of transport used by the people to get to work and school at the municipal level. In addition to analysis based on secondary data there is a part of this thesis, which evaluates questionnaire study, particularly in relation to the previous analysis. This comparison of two views, first based on objective statistics data and second based on the subjective view of the reference population of the region, is one of the main values of this study.

L’évolution des réseaux et des applications distribuées liée au développement massif de l’utilisation de l’Internet par le grand public a conduit à de nombreuses propositions, standardisées ou non, de nouveaux protocoles de Transport et à l’évolution des protocoles existants (TCP notamment), destinées à prendre en compte les nouveaux besoins en qualité de service (QoS) des applications et les caractéristiques nouvelles des réseaux sousjacents. Cependant, force est de constater que ces différentes propositions, quoi que pertinentes, ne se sont pas traduites dans les faits et que le protocole TCP reste ultra majoritairement utilisé en dépit de ses limites conceptuelles connues. Ainsi, alors que le contexte applicatif et réseau a évolué de façonextrêmement forte, les solutions protocolaires utilisées au niveau Transport restent sous optimales et conduisent à des performances moindres en termes de QoS, que celles auxquelles permettraient de prétendre les nouvelles solutions.Dans ce contexte, ce document analyse tout d’abord le pourquoi de ce constat en dégageant cinq points de problématique qui justifie la difficulté, et que nous exprimons en termes de complexité (d’utilisation), d’extensibilité, de configurabilité, de dépendance et de déploiement. Sur ces bases, et en réponse à la problématique générale, la contribution de cette thèse consiste non pas à proposer une nouvelle solution protocolaire pour le niveau Transport, mais à redéfinir l’architecture et le fonctionnement de la couche Transport et ses interactions avec les applications. Cette nouvelle couche Transport, que nous avons appelée Autonomic Transport Layer (ATL), vise à permettre l’intégration transparente de solutions protocolaires existantes et futures pour les niveaux supérieurs et inférieurs de la pile protocolaire tout en simplifiant son utilisation par une augmentation du taux d’abstractiondu réseau (au sens large) du point de vue des développeurs d’applications. Afin de décharger ces derniers de la complexité d’utilisation des multiples solutions envisageables au niveau Transport, notre solution intègre des principesd’autonomie lui permettant une prise de décision du / des protocoles de Transport à invoquer sans intervention extérieure, et une dynamicité dans l’adaptation de la solution retenue en cours de communication afin de toujours délivrer le meilleur niveau de QoS aux applications quelles que soient les évolutions du contexte applicatif et réseau en cours de communication.Après un état de l’art confrontant les solutions actuelles aux points de problématique identifiés, ce document présente les principes fondamentaux de l’ATL, ainsi que son architecture globale suivant une méthodologie basée sur le formalisme UML 2.0. Deux cas d’utilisation fondamentaux sont ensuite introduits pour décrire l’ATL d’un point de vue comportemental. Finalement,nous présentons différents résultats de mesures de performances attestant de l’utilité d’une solution telle que l’ATL. / The massive development of Internet and its usage by the public and the subsequent evolution in networks and distributed applications lead to numerous proposals, standardized or not, of new Transport protocols and changes in existing ones (such as TCP) in order to take into account new arising Quality of Service (QoS) applicative needs and the new characteristics of underlying networks. However, no matter how relevant those new solutions are, they are not meeting the success they should because of TCP’s preponderance and overuse in spite of all its well known limits. Therefore, while applications and underlying networks have evolved tremendously, Transport protocols are becoming suboptimal and lead to lesser performances in termsof QoS than what one could expect from newer Transport solutions. In this context the present document analyses the reasons of this situations by indentifying five problematic points which we express in terms of complexity (of use), extensibility, configurability, dependence and deployment. Upon this basis, and trying to address the main problematic, this thesis contribution is not to propose yet another new Transport protocol but to redefine how the Transport Layer operates, its architecture and its interactions with applications. This new Transport Layer, which we call the Autonomic Transport Layer (ATL) aims for transparent integration of existing and future protocol solutions from the upper and lower layers’ point of view as long as simplifying its use by offering a better, wider network abstraction to application developers. To discharge them the complexity of use of the numerous solutions at the Transport level, our solutions integrates autonomy principles to give it decision power over the protocol(s) to instantiatewithout external intervention and dynamicity so as to be able to adapt the chosen solution during the communication so that it always delivers the best QoS level to applications whatever the contextual evolutions might be for applications or for the network.After a state of the art confronting the current solutions to the different problematic points we identified, this document presents the fundamental principles of the ATL and its global architecture described using UML 2.0. Two major use cases are then introduced to describe the ATL’s behavior. Finally we present several performance figures as evidence of the relevanceof a solution such as the ATL.

An important prerequisite for successful supply chain integration is the ability to convert data into information combined with structured storing and sharing processes. The purpose of this master thesis is to investigate potential relation between supplier data quality and performance of purchasing of transport services. The output of the thesis generates evidence about the imperative to emphasize on the supplier data quality throughout the supplier selection process. A supplier data quality assessment framework consisting of 4 dimensions - ease of manipulation, accessibility, accuracy and completeness, is developed as the core product of this research project. The weights of these dimensions were assigned specifically for the case company - Cramo, to determine the quality score for a selected sample of carriers. A coefficient k1 representing the ratio of transport expenditure over sales was introduced to facilitate the identification of relation between supplier data quality and transport expenditure. Business units served by transport companies with higher quality data displayed a lower k1, consequently, paying less for the transport services in comparison to their revenue than business units served by carriers with lower data quality score. The framework developed is adaptable - dimensions and metrics can be added or excluded according to situational factors and case peculiarities. The application of the supplier data quality assessment framework allows for a more objective and streamlined supplier selection. It stresses on the overall costs experienced during the period of cooperation. The finding regarding the importance of supplier data quality in purchasing of transport services can be nonetheless generalized for other cases when companies strive for achieving better informed strategic decisions. / En viktig förutsättning för framgångsrik integration av leverantörskedjor ligger i förmågan att omvandla data till information, kombinerat med en strukturerad lagrings- och delningsprocess. Syftet med denna masteruppsats är att undersöka potentiell relation mellan leverantörers datakvalitet och hur effektivt inköpet av transporttjänsterna är. Utfallet av uppsatsen understryker vikten av att beakta leverantörers datakvalitet i alla delar av en upphandling. Som produkt av denna uppsats har en utvärderingsmall för leverantörers datakvalitet utvecklats. Den består av fyra dimensioner – Hanterbarhet, tillgänglighet, noggrannhet samt fullständighet. De olika dimensionerna är viktade specifikt för det studerade företaget – Cramo, för att fastslå kvalitetsindex för ett urval av deras transportörer. En koefficient - k1- infördes för att representera förhållandet mellan transportkostnad och försäljning. Detta för att underlätta identifieringen av potentiell relation mellan datakvalitet och transportkostnad. Depåer vars transportörer kunde uppvisa en högre datakvalitet hade ett lägre koefficientvärde (k1). Alltså fanns ett samband mellan hög datakvalitet och lägre transportkostnad i förhållande till försäljning. Den utvecklade bedömningsmallen är anpassningsbar – dimensioner och mått kan enkelt adderas eller elimineras utifrån rådande omständigheter i varje fall. Bedömningsmallen ger möjlighet till en mer objektiv och harmoniserad leverantörsbedömning. Mallen understryker även vikten av att beakta den totala kostnaden under avtalstiden. Kunskapen från denna uppsats kring vikten av datakvalitet gällande just transportinköp kan även generaliseras till andra fall där företag strävar mot bättre informerade strategiska beslut.

This diploma work concentrates on carrying out an analysis of transport services in the region of Trhové Sviny. The aim of the work was to carry out an exhaustive evaluation of transport services in administrative district of municipality with extended competence Trhové Sviny on the basis of situational analysis, analysis of transport service and terrain investigation. The emphasis was put above all on the evaluation of transport services usable for tourism and conditions for cycling and hiking. On the basis of the results of the analysis of transport services and terrain investigation, it came to suggesting measures to make the region more attractive. In the work, two hypothesis were set the result of which is based on the made analyses. It resulted from the work that the most common way of transport in the region is road transport, especially by car and by bus. The region is sought for cycling and hiking as well. The main shortcoming of the region is seen in the level of roads which are even dangerous here and there. It could also come to improvement of the level of stops of regular bus service. Another suggestion is to increase connections transporting bicycles by one work day in the season. At the end of the work, a project concentrating on cycle nature trails was created. The project results from the knowledge gained from the foregoing analyses and investigation. This project takes into consideration natural, technical and historical attractions of the region.

In this work, the current state and prospects of development of urban passenger transport in the operating conditions of the city of Yekaterinburg of the Sverdlovsk region are investigated and analyzed. The analysis and evaluation of the management and organization of passenger traffic to urban passenger transport in the city of Yekaterinburg. The solution of the problem of dispatching control and organization of passenger traffic in the urban cycle by mathematical modeling and optimization is considered. A General view of the simulation model of the automated system of urban passenger transport management by levels is developed. It also proposes the structure of management and organization of urban passenger transport. / В данной работе исследована и проанализирована современное состояние и перспективы развитие городского пассажирского транспорта в условиях эксплуатации города Екатеринбург Свердловской области. Изложена анализ и оценка эффективности управления и организации пассажиропотока городским пассажирским транспортам в городе Екатеринбург. Рассмотрена решение проблемы диспетчеризации управления и организации пассажирских перевозок в городском цикле математическим методом моделирования и оптимизации. Разработан общий вид имитационной модели автоматизированной системы управлении городского пассажирского транспорта по уровням. А также предлагается структура управления и организации городского пассажирского транспорта.