De nos jours, nous générons une quantité immensément grande de données juste en accomplissant nos simples tâches quotidiennes. L'analyse de ces données soulève des challenges ardus. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à deux aspects des données relationnelles. En premier lieu, nous considérons les données relationnelles dans lesquelles les relations sont pondérées. Un exemple concret serait le nombre commun de suiveurs entre deux utilisateurs de Twitter. Dans un deuxième temps, nous abordons le cas dynamique de ces données qui est inhérent à leur nature. Par exemple, le nombre de suiveurs communs pourrait changer au fil du temps. Dans cette thèse nous utilisons les graphes pour modéliser ces données qui sont à la fois complexes et évolutives. Les travaux de cette thèse s'articulent aussi autour de la détection de communautés pour les graphes pondérés et dynamiques. Pour un utilisateur expert, l'identification de ces communautés pourrait l'aider à comprendre la sémantique sous-jacente à la structure du graphe. Notre hypothèse repose sur l'utilisation des triangles comme ossature pour la détection de communautés. Cela nous a amenés à proposer plusieurs algorithmes : Séparation et évaluation, recherche gloutonne, heuristiques et algorithme génétique sont proposés. En se basant sur cet ensemble de triangles, nous proposons un algorithme de détection de communautés, appelé Tribase. L'idée conductrice de cet algorithme est de comparer les poids des communautés, permettant aux communautés dominantes d'acquérir plus de membres. Les résultats de l'étude comparative sur le benchmark LFR montrent que l'algorithme que nous proposons parvient à détecter les communautés dans les graphes dans lesquels une structure de communautés existe. De plus, l'applicabilité de notre algorithme a été testée sur des données réelles du projet ANR Info-RSN. Dans l'optique d'accompagner l'utilisateur expert dans son processus d'acquisition de l'information, une application visuelle et interactive a été implémentée. NLCOMS (Nœud-Lien et COMmunautéS) propose une panoplie de vues synchronisées pour la représentation de l'information. Par ailleurs, nous proposons dans cette thèse un algorithme de détection de communautés pour les graphes pondérés et dynamiques, appelé Dyci. Dyci permet de gérer les différents scénarios de mise à jour possibles de la structure du graphe. L'idée principale de Dyci est de guetter au cours du temps l'affaiblissement d'une communauté (en termes de poids) dans le but de reconsidérer localement sa place dans la structure, évitant ainsi une réindentification globale des communautés. Une étude comparative a été menée montrant que l'algorithme que nous proposons offre un bon compromis entre la solution obtenue et le temps de calcul. Finalement, l'intégration dans NLCOMS des visualisations adéquates pour la variante dynamique a été effectuée / Relational data in our society are on a constant increasing, rising arduous challenges. In this thesis, we consider two aspects of relational data. First, we are interested in relational data with weighted relationship. As a concrete example, relationships among Twitter's users could be weighted with regard to their shared number of followers. The second aspect is related to the dynamism which is inherent to data nature. As an instance, in the previous example the number of common followers between two Twitter's users can change over time. In order to handle these complex and dynamic relational data, we use the modelling strength of graphs. Another facet considered in this thesis deals with community identification on weighted and dynamic graphs. For an analyst, the community detection might be helpful to grasp the semantic behind the graph structure. Our assumption relies on the idea to use a set of disjoint pairwise triangles as a basis to detect the community structure. To select these triangles, several algorithms are proposed (i.e., branch-and-bound, greedy search, heuristics and genetic algorithm). Thereafter, we propose a community detection algorithm, called Tribase. In the latter, the weights of communities are compared allowing dominant communities to gain in size. Tribase is compared with the well-known LFR benchmark. The results show that Tribase identifies efficiently the communities while a community structure exists. Additionally, to asset Tribase on real-world data, we consider social networks data, especially Twitter's data, of the ANR-Info-RSN project. In order to support the analyst in its knowledge acquisition, we elaborate a visual interactive approach. To this end, an interactive application, called NLCOMS is introduced. NLCOMS uses multiple synchronous views for visualizing community structure and the related information. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm for the identification of communities over time, called Dyci. The latter takes advantage from the previously detected communities. Several changes' scenarios are considered like, node/edge addition, node/edge removing and edge weight update. The main idea of the proposed algorithm is to track whether a part of the weighted graph becomes weak over time, in order to merge it with the "dominant" neighbour community. In order to assess the quality of the returned community structure, we conduct a comparison with a genetic algorithm on real-world data of the ARN-Info-RSN project. The conducted comparison shows that Dyci algorithm provides a good trade-off between efficiency and consumed time. Finally, the dynamic changes which occur to the underlying graph structure can be visualized with NLCOMS which combines physical an axial time to fulfil this need

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_silvio_alves_silva.pdf: 895069 bytes, checksum: 5e146058d1fe2a92fdbfe8676ff9723b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this work is to was investigating an approach to the teaching of trigonometry in the right triangle, where it was pretended to present the concepts underlying the trigonometric ratios sine, cosine and tangent. Our research hypotesis is that we can make a signyficative learning to the student through problem-situations that articuleded the geometry construction and the figural tratament in the abording of the trigonometric relations. We prepared a didactic sequence with four activities and we applied, supporting by Engineering Didactic fundaments, to aswer if the production of the teaching sequence abording the geometry constructions and geometry transformations articuladed to the figural tratament gives a significative learning to the students of the inicial serie of the high school of the concepts in the trigonometry right triangle. For to answer the research question, we analised the conceptions of the students over the aplication of the sequence, the resolution of the situations in the activities and the discution of this situations. We concluded that there was conceptual development of the students in the trigonometry relations / O objetivo deste trabalho foi de investigar uma abordagem de ensino da trigonometria no triângulo retângulo, em que se pretendeu introduzir as razões trigonométricas seno, co-seno e tangente. Nossa hipótese é que podemos construir uma aprendizagem significativa para o aluno por meio de situações-problema que articulam as construções geométricas e o tratamento figural na abordagem das relações trigonométricas. Elaboramos uma seqüência didática com quatro atividades e a aplicamos, com base nos princípios da Engenharia Didática, a fim de responder se a produção de uma seqüência de ensino enfatizando as construções e transformações geométricas articuladas ao tratamento figural proporciona uma apreensão significativa para o aluno de 1º ano do Ensino Médio dos conceitos da trigonometria no triângulo retângulo. Para respondermos à questão de pesquisa, analisamos as concepções dos alunos durante a aplicação da seqüência, a resolução das situações contidas nas atividades e sua discussão. Concluímos que houve evolução conceitual dos alunos das relações trigonométricas

Sustainability is a topic paying a visit to most industries today and the fashion business is no exception.The development of eco-efficient stores is one of the efforts carried out by Inditex Group with the aim to adopt sustainability into its practices. Such stores distinguish themselves for saving electricity, water and by greatly reducing the amount of CO2 that is yearly produced. The concept was initiated with the Zara brand but it will be introduced to the other six brands that integrate Inditex as well. However, despite the reduction in the carbon footprint it cannot be denied that the fast fashion business model creates a paradox in terms of sustainability.The following is a case study on the Zara Rome eco-efficient store. Being a store benchmark in Europe, it explores how the sustainability concept is communicated through this model and if the identified paradox is addressed. To do so, the study analyzes the external, internal and interactive marketing of the eco-shop based on the service marketing triangle theory and the Mehrabian-Russell stimulus-response model used in visual merchandising. Participant observation on site and a content analysis of relevant documents were carried out as research methods in order to find the messages emitted on each side of the triangle.The analysis shows that the paradox in the Zara eco-shops is not being handled at the customer level, though it is being handled at internal and external levels. As a conclusion, the eco-shops effort is part of a sustainability strategy with long term perspective and it will be addressed at customer level when the company as a whole counts with a more sustainable brand identity. Additionally suggestions are offered to potentialize the communication of sustainability in an eco-shop. / Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing

In my diploma thesis I compare European and Asian approach to African continent. In the first chapter natural resources and strategic position of Africa is described. I deal with traditional business relationships with African partner, political relation, their agriculture production and tourism in Africa. In this chapter I apply Leamer's triangle, Dutch disease and terms of trade on relationship between African countries and their business partners. Second chapter analyzes factors which influence interests for cooperation between European and African countries. In the second half of this chapter I try to show how Africa sees European and Asian countries. I deal mainly with relationship between European and African integration, using the theory of the effects of economic blocs. In the last chapter I compare the approach of the European Union and Asian countries to Africa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Francisco Borges.pdf: 2604675 bytes, checksum: 815cc9155f159a14b24957f9b7ed0342 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-23 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The purpose of this essay was to contribute to Trigonometry teaching, specially, to the transition of the trigonometric reasons in the rectangle triangle for the trigonometric circle. A sequence was elaborated with 12 activities, from which ten were created worrying about guiding the student to understand the trigonometric reasons of the rectangle triangle to the trigonometric circle using the dynamic geometry software Geogebra. An activity was made with the objective of working with the radian definition and the conversion of the unit circle (radians) to the angle unit (degrees) and, at last, an activity which had as purpose to create a tool to be used in the classroom when it was not possible to use the calculator, or the computer. The activities were applied to 12th graders in a school from the city of Francisco Morato, Great São Paulo. For such, 4 meetings were used to do the application; the students did the activities in pairs and were not done during the lessons. The Theory of the Didactic Situations and other basis of the Didactic Engineering were used in the elaboration, analysis, application and data survey of the teaching sequence. The experimentation pointed that the students did not make use of some necessary previous knowledge and presented some difficulties to expose their written observations. However, it also showed that there was improvement in the students learning, because while doing the activities using the dynamic geometry, they showed interest and focus / Esse trabalho teve por objetivo contribuir com o ensino de trigonometria, em especial, na transição das razões trigonométricas no triângulo retângulo para o círculo trigonométrico. Foi elaborada uma sequência com 12 atividades, das quais dez foram criadas com a preocupação de conduzir o aluno a compreender as razões trigonométricas do triângulo retângulo para o círculo trigonométrico utilizando, o software de geometria dinâmica Geogebra. Uma atividade foi criada com o intuito de trabalhar com a definição de radianos e a conversão da unidade de arcos (radianos) para unidade de ângulos (graus) e, por fim, uma atividade que tinha por objetivo construir um dispositivo para ser utilizado em sala de aula quando não fosse possível utilizar a calculadora, ou o computador. As atividades foram aplicadas para oito alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da cidade de Francisco Morato, Grande São Paulo. Para tal foram usados quatro encontros para realizar a aplicação; os alunos fizeram as atividades em duplas e fora do horário de aula. A Teoria das Situações Didáticas e alguns pressupostos da Engenharia Didática foram usados na elaboração, análise, aplicação e coleta de dados da sequência de ensino. A experimentação aponta que os alunos não mobilizaram alguns conhecimentos prévios necessários e apresentam algumas dificuldades para exporem suas observações por escrito. Mas também mostrou que houve avanços na aprendizagem dos alunos, pois ao executarem as atividades utilizando a geometria dinâmica, mostraram interesse e concentração

[pt] Algoritmos para visualização interativa de terrenos são complexos e, ao mesmo tempo, de grande importância para muitas aplicações como jogos e planejamento de atividades sobre terrenos. Em função desta complexidade e importância, o tema merecido, na última década, muita atenção da comunidade de pesquisadores em Computação Gráfica e, conseqüentemente, muitas estratégias têm sido desenvolvidas. Entre as mais bem sucedidas estratégias, destacam-se os recentes trabalhos de Lindstrom e Pascucci. O algoritmo proposto por estes autores possui diversas implementações disponíveis na Internet e merece ser reavaliado. Esta dissertação faz esta re-avaliação através de uma implementação independente feita pela autora e testada sobre uma base de terrenos reais. Com o objetivo de tornar esta análise mais completa e dar suporte a algumas conclusões, resultados comparativos de outros algoritmos da área também são apresentados. / [en] Algorithms for the interactive visualization of terrains are very complex and, at the same time, of great importance to many applications, such as games and activity-planning over terrains. Due to such complexity and importance, in the past decade this subject has received great attention by researchers on Computer Graphics. As a consequence, a number of strategies have been developed. Among the most successful strategies, one can highlight recent works by Lindstrom and Pascucci. The algorithm proposed by these authors has various implementations available in the Internet and deserves to be reevaluated. The present work makes such reevaluation by means of an independent implementation developed by the author and tested over a base or real terrains. With the purpose of making this analysis more complete and to support some conclusions, comparative results with other algorithms in the area are also presented.

The master’s thesis deals with project management issues with a focus on the specifics of the construction of new and modernisation of old fossil-fuel and nuclear power plants belonging to ČEZ, a.s. It summarizes the project management methodology and standards and integrates them into a unified information system, thus creating a sound platform that supports all company projects in all stages of their individual life cycles. This thesis analyses the current status of the application support and proposes extensions to the information system, which significantly increase its value.

Due to the ongoing conflict between the Houthi rebels and the Yemeni government supported by a Saudi-led coalition of nine countries, the civilians in the country have already been exposed to violence for four years. According to the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (ECHO), the current situation in Yemen is the world’s worst humanitarian crisis. A large number of humanitarian organizations are present intending to alleviate the suffering. However, their response has been criticized as ineffective. Therefore, this thesis seeks to investigate the humanitarian response in Yemen in order to identify potential weaknesses. This was done out from a theoretical framework that drew on Johan Galtung’s conceptualizations on violence. The applied qualitative research approach was based on a case study research design. With the help of a literature review, the relevant data relating to the case was gathered and an analysis of the violence in Yemen was conducted using the concepts of direct and structural violence by Galtung. The 2019 Yemen Humanitarian Response Plan (YHRP), published by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), coordinates and guides the response of more than 240 aid organizations in Yemen. This plan was used to analyze the humanitarian response in order to find weaknesses in diminishing the identified direct and structural violence.The main findings are as follows: besides small exceptions, the identified aspects of structural violence are being addressed in the YHRP, which are related to the poor access to health care, food insecurity, poor WASH conditions, spread of infectious diseases and displacement. On the contrary, actions against the manifested direct violence, such as civilian casualties of the fighting, are hardly included in the plan. However, it should be noted that due to the humanitarian principle of neutrality, the aid organizations are obligated to remain neutral and are not permitted to get involved in the conflict. Thus, their inactivity regarding direct violence can be traced back to the humanitarian principle of neutrality.

L'analyse des modes B+/- -> pi+/- pi0 et B+/- -> K+/- pi0 a été menée avec un échantillon de données de 205 fb-1 correspondant à environ 227 millions de paires de mésons B, collectées par le détecteur BABAR. Les rapports d'embranchement et les asymétries de CP obtenus sont: B( B+/- -> pi+/- pi0) = (5.57 +/- 0.60 +/- 0.33) 10E-6 B( B+/- -> K+/- pi0) = (11.50 +/- 0.65 +/- 0.57) 10E-6 Acp( B+/- -> pi+/- pi0) = -0.01 +/- 0.10 +/- 0.02 Acp( B+/- -> K+/- pi0)= 0.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.01 Les contraintes sur l'angle le triangle d'unitarité par les analyses d'isospin des modes pi pi et K pi ont été étudiées. Des contraintes plus significatives ont été obtenues avec la symétrie SU(3) pour les modes B, Bs -> pipi/ Kpi / KK. Elles sont en bon accord avec l'ajustement CKM standard. Dans le futur une telle analyse pourrait entrer en compétition avec l'ajustement CKM standard, et permettre de déterminer des paramètres de Nouvelle Physique ou de brisure de SU(3) à partir des données.

A ce jour la détermination de l'angle γ du Triangle d'Unitarité de la matrice de Cabibbo-Kabayashi-Maskawa est statistiquement limitée par la rareté des transitions b→ u. La précision obtenue en combinant les résultats des expériences BABAR et BELLE est proche de 10°. L'expérience LHCb auprès du LHC présente un fort potentiel d'amélioration pour ce paramètre de violation de CP, notamment via la désintégration Bd0 -> D0K*0, un des canaux clés de cette mesure. Les désintégrations D0 -> Kπ, D0 -> Kππ0 et D0 -> Kπππ sont étudiées dans cette thèse. L'utilisation de désintégrations faisant intervenir des π0 nécessite un bon étalonnage en énergie des calorimètres électromagnétiques. Une méthode d'étalonnage intercellules du ECAL basée sur le flux d'énergie, permet d'obtenir une inter-calibration de l'ordre de 1,5 %, l'échelle d'énergie absolue étant obtenue par des méthodes indépendantes non étudiées ici. La détermination du rapport d'embranchement de la désintégration Bs0 -> D0K*0, première étape du programme aboutissant à la mesure de la violation de CP dans le canal Bd0 -> D0K*0, est réalisée relativement au rapport d'embranchement de Bd0 -> D0ρ0. Le résultat final obtenu avec 36 pb−1 de données collectées par LHCb en 2010 reste dominé par l'erreur statistique :BR(Bs0 -> D0K*0)/BR(Bd0 -> D0ρ0) = 1, 48 ± 0, 34 (stat) ± 0, 15 (syst) ± 0, 12 (fd/fs).