Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-27T11:58:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8972192 bytes, checksum: e0a82ad433e62b83d048d78778d60dd2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2015-11-30T10:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8972192 bytes, checksum: e0a82ad433e62b83d048d78778d60dd2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-30T10:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8972192 bytes, checksum: e0a82ad433e62b83d048d78778d60dd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Here we present a research about fractals, its history, mathematical concepts and applications. Some constructions were developed using some basic concepts of the Theory of Numbers, Trigonometry and Linear Algebra that can be applied in High School. We presented some activities that can be applied in High School’s classes in order to develop mathematical concepts such as geometric transformations, Geometry, Trigonometry, Logarithm, notions of limit among other topics. Keywords: Fractal Geometry, Geometric Transformation, Logarithm, Pascal Triangle, Arrays, Linear Algebra, High School. / Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa sobre os fractais, sua história, conceitos matemáticos utilizados e aplicações. Foram desenvolvidas algumas construções de fractais utilizando-se alguns conceitos básicos de Teoria dos Números, Trigonometria e Álgebra Linear que podem ser explorados no Ensino Médio. Foram apresentadas algumas atividades que podem ser aplicadas em sala de aula do Ensino Médio no desenvolvimento de conceitos matemáticos como Progressão Geométrica, Geometria, Trigonometria, Logaritmo e noções de limite entre outros temas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1111599 bytes, checksum: 1d237896c865356f1238a4fc70aec751 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The taeniasis-cysticercosis complex is a disease of great importance to public and animal health, and human beings play an important role as the only definitive hosts that develop taeniasis. Cysticercosis can affect pigs, which are infected by the larva of Taenia solium, cattle, which are infected by the larva of Taenia saginata and, accidentally, humans, who can act as an intermediate hosts (T. solium), developing cysticercosis in their tissues, with neurocysticercosis being the most severe form of the disease. Despite the importance of taeniasis and cysticercosis to public health, animal health and economy in Brazil, the epidemiological reality of the occurrence of zoonoses is poorly understood. In the state of Minas Gerais, most of the data is obtained from official sanitary inspection agencies in slaughterhouses, and little information is based on field data from live animals. In order to assess the epidemiological situation of the taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in small and medium-sized farms in the municipalities of Iraí de Minas, Romaria, Grupiara and Douradoquara, located in the microregion of Patrocínio, in the Triangulo Mineiro region, this study addressed the occurrence of human taeniasis, bovine and porcine cysticercosis, and the main risk factors associated with transmission of parasitic forms of T. saginata and T. solium in the sampled farms. Thus, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with 68 farms located in rural areas of the four aforementioned municipalities, and these properties were georeferenced. Data collected consisted of 1002 bovine blood samples, 22 porcine blood samples, and stool samples from 119 members of the households and applied an epidemiological questionnaire. The serological diagnosis of animal cysticercosis was performed by screening using the indirect ELISA test, and the suspected cases underwent Immunoblot testing for confirmation purposes. Stool examination was performed by the simple sedimentation method (HPJ). This study found a prevalence of 4.5% of porcine cysticercosis and 4.69% of bovine cysticercosis in the farms of the rural area of the sampled municipalities between July and August 2013. No case of human taeniasis was disagnosed; however, other enteroparasitoses were diagnosed. This study evaluated the association between some risk factors and the prevalence of cases of bovine cysticercosis, in which the variables that were statistically significant were the profession of the person in charge of such farms, income and the water treatment in the farms. From the georeferencing of farms, which generated maps of the collected points and the points diagnosed with bovine cysticercosis. There was the possibility that the transmission of this parasite may occur from the rivers and tributaries that flow along the sampled municipalities from the hydrography of the region. This study identified the prevalence of taeniasis-cysticercosis complex in the sampled municipalities and the results will aid in the prevention and control of this zoonosis in the areas of occurrence. / O complexo teníase-cisticercose é uma doença de grande importância para a saúde pública e animal, no qual o ser humano desempenha importante papel como o único hospedeiro definitivo, desenvolvendo a teníase. A cisticercose pode acometer o suíno, que desenvolve a larva da Taenia solium, o bovino, que desenvolve a larva da Taenia saginata e, acidentalmente, o homem pode atuar como hospedeiro intermediário (T. solium), desenvolvendo a cisticercose em seus tecidos, sendo a neurocisticercose a forma mais grave. Apesar da importância da teníase e da cisticercose para a saúde pública, para a saúde animal e para economia, a realidade epidemiológica da ocorrência dessas zoonoses no Brasil é pouco conhecida. No estado de Minas Gerais a maioria dos dados é obtida dos serviços oficiais de Inspeção Sanitária nos matadouros- frigoríficos, sendo poucas as informações baseadas em dados de campo oriundos de animais vivos. Com o objetivo de avaliar a situação epidemiológica do complexo teníase-cisticercose em pequenas e médias propriedades rurais dos municípios de Iraí de Minas, Romaria, Grupiara e Douradoquara, situados na microrregião de Patrocínio, região do Triângulo Mineiro, se pesquisou a ocorrência da teníase humana, da cisticercose bovina e suína e os principais fatores de risco associados à transmissão das formas parasitárias T. saginata e T. solium nas propriedades amostradas. Dessa forma, foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal envolvendo as 68 propriedades localizadas nas zonas rurais dos quatro municípios, sendo essas propriedades georreferenciadas. Foram coletadas 1002 amostras de sangue bovino e 22 amostras de sangue suíno, 119 amostras de fezes dos integrantes das famílias residentes nas propriedades e aplicado um questionário epidemiológico. O diagnóstico sorológico da cisticercose animal foi realizado por triagem pelo teste ELISA indireto e os casos suspeitos foram submetidos ao Immunoblot para confirmação. O exame de fezes foi realizado pelo método de sedimentação simples. Este estudo revelou prevalência de 4,5% de cisticercose suína e de 4,69% de cisticercose bovina nas propriedades da zona rural dos municípios amostrados, no período de julho a agosto de 2013. Não foi diagnosticado nenhum caso de teníase humana, no entanto, outras enteroparasitoses foram diagnosticadas. Avaliou-se a associação entre alguns fatores de risco e a prevalência dos casos de cisticercose bovina, no qual as variáveis que se mostraram estatisticamente significantes foram profissão do responsável pela propriedade, renda familiar e tratamento da água da propriedade. A partir do georreferenciamento das propriedades, foram produzidos os mapas dos pontos coletados e dos pontos diagnosticados com cisticercose bovina. Observou-se a possibilidade da transmissão dessa parasitose ocorrer a partir dos rios e seus afluentes nos municípios amostrados a partir da hidrografia da região. O estudo permitiu a identificação da prevalência do complexo teníase-cisticercose nos municípios amostrados e os resultados permitirão auxiliar a prevenção e o controle dessa zoonose nas áreas de ocorrência.

O presente estudo é uma investigação empírica de natureza qualitativa e tem por objetivo comparar as características das fraudes praticadas por meio de manipulação nas demonstrações contábeis das empresas Daslu, Kmart e Avestruz Master. Buscou-se verificar diferenças entre fraudes no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, no que se refere às motivações e finalidades da ação fraudulenta, aos métodos de manipulação contábil utilizados e à governança corporativa adotada pelas empresas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido seguindo a metodologia do estudo de casos múltiplos, utilizando-se um protocolo, que contemplou os procedimentos e as regras gerais obedecidas na pesquisa, com a função de incrementar a confiabilidade do estudo e orientar o trabalho do pesquisador. A seleção dos casos estudados foi feita com base em pesquisas anteriores, que mencionaram fraudes praticadas no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos, na última década. Os resultados indicam que as fraudes apresentaram diferenças na natureza e na autoria dos atos fraudulentos, com evidências da aplicação das teorias do triângulo da fraude (TTF) e dos escândalos corporativos (TEC). Considerando que as corporações brasileiras estudadas possuíam sistema de governança corporativa concentrado, similar ao de empresas europeias, as diferenças observadas nas fraudes investigadas podem ser explicadas pela teoria dos escândalos corporativos, defendida por Coffee Jr. (2005). / The present study is an empirical research of qualitative nature and aims to compare the characteristics of fraud committed by means of manipulation in the financial statements of Daslu, Kmart and Avestruz Master companies. It has been trying to check differences between fraud in Brazil and in United States with regard to the motivations and purposes of the fraudulent action, accounting handling methods used and to corporate governance adopted by companies. The work was developed, following the methodology of study of multiple cases, using a case study protocol, which included general rules and procedures observed in the survey, with the function of increasing the reliability of the study and guide the researcher work. The selection of studied cases was based on previous research that mentioned fraud practiced in Brazil and in United States in last decade. The results indicate that frauds have showed differences in fraud operation and in its author, with evidence of the application of fraud triangle (TTF) and the corporate scandals (TEC) theories. Whereas the corporations studied had corporate governance system similar to that of European companies, the observed differences in investigated frauds can be explained by the theory of corporate scandals (TEC) defended by Coffee Jr. (2005).

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T14:36:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elismar Jose de Araujo - 2015.pdf: 3923576 bytes, checksum: 60a5b973a48070a14372679c6aa08221 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-22T14:39:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elismar Jose de Araujo - 2015.pdf: 3923576 bytes, checksum: 60a5b973a48070a14372679c6aa08221 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-22T14:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elismar Jose de Araujo - 2015.pdf: 3923576 bytes, checksum: 60a5b973a48070a14372679c6aa08221 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work will concentrate on making a rereading of the theories that surround the procedures for calculating the area of a convex polygon, as well as the volume of a pyramid whose base is a polygon convex, with its vertices properly represented in a coordinate system, in the plan or in space, respectively. Addresses some topics on arrays and determinant and some of its applications, in particular the study of polygon area and the volume of the pyramid. Based on applying a decisive factor for the calculation of the area of a triangle with its vertices represented in a coordinate system, presents a new theorem to calculate the area of any polygon convex, as well as, a new formula to calculate the volume of any pyramid with convex basis as a direct application of the volume of the tetrahedron with its vertices represented in an orthogonal system. For both, it was essential to the concept of coordinates in the plane and in space, vectors in the plane and in space, and some of its properties, being essential for the demonstrate the volume of the tetrahedron and the area of the triangle, using determinant. Keywords: Volume. Area. Convex polygon. Pyramid. Triangle. Tetrahedron / O presente trabalho versar a em fazer uma releitura das teorias que circundam os procedimentos de c alculo da area de um pol gono convexo, assim como, do volume de uma pir^amide cuja base e um pol gono convexo, com seus v ertices devidamente representados em um sistema de coordenadas, no plano ou no espa co, respectivamente. Aborda alguns t opicos sobre matrizes e determinante e algumas de suas aplica c~oes, em especial o estudo de area de pol gonos e o volume de pir^amide. Baseado na aplica c~ao de determinante para o c alculo da area de um tri^angulo com seus v ertices representados em um sistema de coordenadas, apresenta um novo teorema para o c alculo da area de qualquer pol gono convexo, assim como, uma nova f ormula para calcular o volume de qualquer pir^amide com base convexa como uma aplica c~ao direta do volume do tetraedro com seus v ertices representados em um sistema ortogonal. Para tanto, foi imprescind vel abordar o conceito de coordenadas no plano e no espa co, vetores no plano e no espa co e algumas de suas propriedades, sendo fundamentais para a demonstrar o volume do tetraedro e a area do tri^angulo, usando determinante.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-11-26T19:51:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Gisélia Brito dos Santos - 2013.pdf: 4152384 bytes, checksum: 0d7d314119a6b433c433012852e4d3ab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-12-04T14:09:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Gisélia Brito dos Santos - 2013.pdf: 4152384 bytes, checksum: 0d7d314119a6b433c433012852e4d3ab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-04T14:09:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Gisélia Brito dos Santos - 2013.pdf: 4152384 bytes, checksum: 0d7d314119a6b433c433012852e4d3ab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-05 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This Thesis presents an acoustic-phonetic analysis of the oral and nasal vowels of Brazilian Portuguese, specifically those of the speech community of Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, Maranhão and European Portuguese, in some speech data from the region of Lisbon, Portugal. The theoretical foundation is sustained on the postulates of Camara Jr. (1970 ), Mateus (1982), de Morais Barbosa (1994) and Moraes and Wetzels (1992), concerning nasality in Portuguese, especially in Brazilian Portuguese. The theoretical framework of Acoustic Phonetics is composed mainly by the work of Ladefoged (2003, 2006 and 2007), Ladefoged, Johnson (2008), Mateus et al. (2005), Delgado-Martins (1988), Morais Barbosa (1994), Malmberg (1998), Medeiros (2007), Medeiros et al. (2008) and Sousa, E. (1994). The informants used as subjects in this research, both Brazilian and Portuguese, are people with low education, low turnover, 50 years of age or older. The Brazilian informants were born and lived most of their lives in rural Fortaleza dos Nogueiras; the Portuguese live in the outskirts of Lisbon. The speech data in Brazil are a result of our field research conducted in 2011. The data from Portugal were provided by the Instituto de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa and form part of the speech collection of ALEPG (Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Portugal and Galicia). The acoustic-phonetic analysis of the data is made through the program of Speech Station by Sensimetrics for visualization of expectograms and to extract measurements of F1 and F2. We present the values of formants 1 and 2 of the oral and nasal vowels and these are compared in order to show what happens with the nasal vowel in relation to the corresponding oral; we highlight the acoustical characteristics of oral and nasal vowels; we show the articulatory triangle of vowels of the informants of the research highlighting the contours the vowels assume in articulation and the frequency bands in which each vowel stands. Finally, we carry out a comparative investigation of oral and nasal vowels in these two varieties of Portuguese. / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise fonético-acústica das vogais orais e nasais do português brasileiro, mais especificamente da comunidade de fala de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, Maranhão e do português europeu, em alguns dados de fala da região de Lisboa, Portugal. O embasamento teórico pauta-se nos postulados de Camara Jr. (1970), de Mateus (1982), de Morais Barbosa (1994) e de Moraes e Wetzels (1992), acerca da nasalidade na língua portuguesa, especialmente, no português brasileiro. O referencial teórico de Fonética Acústica compõe-se, principalmente, pelos trabalhos de Ladefoged (2003, 2006 e 2007), Ladefoged; Jonhson (2008), Mateus et al. (2005), Delgado-Martins (1988), Morais Barbosa (1994), Malmberg (1998), Medeiros (2007), Medeiros et al. (2008) e Sousa, E. (1994). Os informantes sujeitos desta pesquisa, tanto brasileiros como portugueses, são pessoas com baixa escolaridade, baixa rotatividade, que têm a partir de 50 anos de idade. Os brasileiros nasceram e viveram a maior parte de suas vidas na zona rural de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras; os portugueses são moradores do entorno de Lisboa. Os dados de fala do Brasil são resultado de nossa pesquisa de campo realizada em 2011. Os de Portugal foram-nos cedidos pelo Instituto de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa e fazem parte do acervo de fala do ALEPG (Atlas Linguístico e Etnográfico de Portugal e da Galiza). A análise fonético-acústica dos dados é feita por meio do programa Speech Station da Sensimetrics, para a visualização dos expectogramas e para a extração das medidas de F1 e de F2. Apresentam-se os valores dos formantes 1 e 2 das vogais orais e nasais e estes são comparados com o intuito de mostrar o que acontece com a vogal nasal em relação à correspondente oral; evidenciam-se quais as características acústicas das vogais orais e nasais; apresenta-se o triângulo articulatório das vogais desses informantes da pesquisa com evidência para os contornos que elas assumem na articulação e para as faixas de frequência em que cada vogal se posiciona. Por fim, realiza-se uma investigação comparativa das vogais orais e nasais nessas duas variedades da língua portuguesa.

The thesis deals with constructivist approaches to teaching mathematics in lower secondary school, which means that a pupil is the centre of learning process. Based on study of literature, textbook analysis, and, in particular, in accordance with the theory of generic models as a theory describing way to build pupils' knowledge, a teaching experiment was prepared, focusing on the area of triangle and parallelogram. Experimental lessons were realized in two 7 grade classes with different experience with being taught mathematics at the elementary school. One class was taught by a highly instructive series of textbooks, while the second by textbooks which respected the principles of constructivism aimed at pupils and allowed individualization of learning process. The main objective of the thesis is to describe the experimental education in both classes and evaluate it from two perspectives. First of all, qualitatively, by analysing video recordings of lessons, pupils' solutions, notes from lessons, print screens from interactive whiteboard, but also by examining attendance sheets from teachers observing some lessons. In the second case, quantitatively, based on pre- and post- tests. The qualitative analysis is mainly focused on key discoveries and didactical situations in teaching and on an assessment...

Syftet med denna magisteruppsats är att undersöka vad som menas med ett lyckat projekt, vilka är de kritiska framgångsfaktorer för anläggningsprojekt och hur utvärderas anläggningsprojekt i praktiken.     Detta syfte prövades genom kvalitativa intervjuundersökningar i form av inledande studie som utgörs av personliga strukturerade intervjuer med öppna/ fria svarsalternativ baserat på mina kollegor ifrån Fastighet- och serviceförvaltningen, med fokus på anläggningsprojekt där beställaren är Gislaveds kommun och dels genom telefonintervjuer med projektledare och chefer ifrån PEAB, NCC, Accent Arkitekter, Weedo Tech med mera. Empiriskt erhållna data analyseras utifrån tre analysmodeller; vad är ett lyckat projekt (fråga 1,2), kritiska framgångsfaktorer (fråga 3,4,5,6 och 9) och analysmodell för hur utvärderas projekt (7,8).   Det framkom att hälften av respondenterna definierade ett lyckat anläggningsprojekt enligt projekttriangeln. Medan hälften av svarande definierade ett lyckat anläggningsprojekt enligt en vidareutveckling av projekttriangeln med kundnöjdhet. Det framhålls att kompetens, engagemang, tydligt uppdrag, god planering, tillräcklig budget, bra förstudie och projektering, organisation och ledning är de faktorer som främjar ett lyckat projekt. Härvidlag framhålls det att det unika för denna studie, dvs det som avviker ifrån vetenskapliga teorier och analysmodellen är det har tillkommit nya faktorer såsom samsyn, partnering, bra förstudie och projektering. Gällande dem kritiska framgångsfaktorer så är det enligt respondenter förstudie, kompetens, engagemang, ekonomi, tidsplaner, tydligt uppdrag, kommunikation och ledarskap. Det framkom i denna studie att det som avviker ifrån vetenskapliga teorier och analysmodellen är utökning med andra kritiska framgångsfaktorer har såsom förstudie, tidsplaner och kommunikation. Min slutsats är att det stämmer så som flera studier tyder på att det inte går att identifiera några generella allmängiltiga framgångsfaktorer (L. Ljung 2011) utan det är fallspecifikt som i det här fallet där det fallspecifika för bygg- och anläggningsprojekt som utkristalliserats är partnering och projektering. Slutsatsen är också att framgångsfaktorer varierar beroende på projektets storlek, komplexitet och tekniska osäkerhet. Beträffande hur anläggningsprojekt utvärderas i praktiken så framhålls det att projekt utvärderas i stort sett utifrån projekttriangel men med en modifierad och utökad variant enligt analysmodellen ovan, där kundnöjdhetsindex har lagts till. Gällande den kontinuerliga utvärderingen under projektets gång så framkom det i denna studie att även funktionskrav, ÄTA (ändrings och tilläggsarbeten) och arbetsmiljöplan följs upp och utvärderas. Min slutsats är att projekttriangeln har lämnat starka avtryck även i utvärderingen av projekt med viss modifiering där det tagits hänsyn till kvalitetsarbetet. / The purpose of this master's thesis is to investigate what is meant by a successful project, which are the critical success factors for construction projects and how evaluated construction projects are in practice. This purpose was tested through qualitative interview studies in the form of an initial study consisting of personal structured interviews with open / free answer options based on my colleagues from the Real Estate and Service Administration, focusing on construction projects where the client is Gislaved municipality and partly by telephone interviews with project managers and managers from PEAB, NCC, Accent Architects, Weedo Tech and more. Empirically obtained data is analyzed on the basis of three analysis models; What is a successful project (question 1.2), critical success factors (questions 3,4,5,6 and 9) and analysis model for evaluating projects (7.8). It was found that half of respondents defined a successful construction project according to the project triangle. While half of respondents defined a successful construction project according to a further development of the project triangle with customer satisfaction. It is emphasized that skills, dedication, clear assignments, good planning, adequate budget, good study and design, organization and management are the factors that promote a successful project. In this respect, it is emphasized that the unique nature of this study, ie, which differs from scientific theories and the analysis model, has brought about new factors such as consensus, partnering, good study and design. Concerning them, critical success factors, according to the respondents, are preliminary studies, skills, commitment, economics, schedules, clear assignments, communication and leadership. It was found in this study that what differs from scientific theories and the analysis model is expansion with other critical success factors such as preliminary studies, schedules and communication. My conclusion is that several studies suggest that it is not possible to identify any general all-important success factors (L. Ljung 2011), but case-specific as in this case where case-specific for construction projects that have been crystallized is partnering and design. The conclusion is also that success factors vary depending on the size, complexity and technical uncertainty of the project. In terms of how the projects are evaluated in practice, it is emphasized that projects are evaluated largely on the basis of a project triangle but with a modified and expanded variant according to the analysis model above, where customer satisfaction index has been added. Regarding the continuous evaluation during the course of the project, it was found in this study that functional requirements, ÄTA (Changes and additional work) and work environment plan are also monitored and evaluated. My conclusion is that the project triangle has given strong impression even in the evaluation of projects with some modification taking account of quality work.

Triangle meshes have become an increasingly popular shape representation. Given the ease of standardization it allows and the proliferation of devices (scanners, range images ) that capture and output shape information as meshes, this representation is now used in applications such as virtual reality, medical imaging, rapid prototyping, digital art and entertainment, simulation and analysis, product design and development. In product development manipulation of mesh models is required in applications such as visualization, analysis, simulation and rapid prototyping. The nature of manipulation of the mesh includes annotation, interactive viewing, slicing, re-meshing, mesh optimization, mesh segmentation, simplification and editing. Of these editing has received the least attention. Mesh model often requires editing either locally or globally based on the application. With the increased use of meshes it is desirable to have formal reasoning tools that enable manipulation of mesh models in product development. The mesh model may contain artifacts like self-intersection, overlapping triangles, inconsistent normal’s of triangles and gaps or holes with or without islands. It is necessary to repair the mesh before further processing the mesh model. An automatic algorithm is proposed to repair and fill arbitrary holes while maintaining curvature continuity across the boundaries of the hole. The algorithm uses slices across the hole to first identify curves that bridge the hole. These curves are then used to find the surface patch that would fill the hole. The proposed algorithm works for arbitrary holes in any mesh model irrespective of the type of underlying surface and is able to preserve features in the mesh model that are missing in the input information. Since editing during product development is mostly feature based, an automatic algorithm to recognize shape features by directly clustering the triangles constituting a feature in a mesh model is proposed. Shape features addressed in the thesis are volumetric features that are associated with either addition or removal of a finite volume. The algorithm involves two steps – isolating features in 2D slices followed by a 3D traversal to cluster all the triangles in the feature. Editing a mesh model mainly implies editing local volumetric features in that model. An automatic algorithm is proposed for parametric editing of volumetric features in the mesh model. The proposed algorithm eliminates the need of original CAD model while manipulating any volumetric feature in the mesh model based on feature parameters. An automatic algorithm to manipulate global shape parameters of the object using the mesh model is developed. Global shape parameters include thickness, drafts and axes of symmetry. As the mesh models do not explicitly carry this information global editing of mesh models (other than for visualization) has not been attempted thus far. This thesis proposes the use of mid-surface to identify and manipulate global shape parameters for a class of objects that are classified as thin walled objects. Mid-curves are first identified on slices of the part and then the mid-surface is obtained from these mid-curves. Results of implementation are presented and discussed along with the scope for future work.

Abstracts in English, Ndebele, Zulu and Venda / The study aimed to explore teachers’ experiences and to discover challenges encountered by mainstream teachers in the inclusion of learners with diverse barriers to learning in the Foundation Phase mainstream classrooms in the Vaal, Gauteng region. The study provides strategies that can be utilised by the teachers to enhance inclusive education practice in mainstream classrooms. Ten teachers were purposively selected from five mainstream primary schools with two participants from each school. All participants were grade three Foundation Phase teachers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews that enabled the researcher to delve deeply and find rich and relevant information for the study. For triangulation purposes, the researcher made use of document analysis as a second method of collecting data for this study. The study followed a qualitative data analysis method which derived the information from the perceptions of the informants and formed significant themes. The study revealed that teachers are challenged greatly by a lack of knowledge and skills to address diverse learning disabilities adequately; initial training that is ineffective in dealing with learners with diverse barriers to learning; a gap of knowledge that exists between theory and practice; a lack of adequate resources; poor infrastructure; large numbers of learners in a class; a lack of support from District Based Support Teams; and an inflexible curriculum. The study recommends collaborated teaching where teachers learn from each other; peer teaching; teacher exchange programmes; curriculum modification that caters for learners with barriers to learning; and workshop training that focuses on practical skills that will enhance inclusive education in mainstream schools. / Irhubhululo belinqophe ukuphenya ilwazi elihlangabezana nabotitjhere kanye nokuveza iintjhijilo ezihlangabezana nabotitjhere bomkhakha wefundo omkhulu lokha nakufakwa abafundi abaneenqabo ezahlukahlukeneko eziphazamisa ukufunda ematlasini weSigaba esisiSekelo (Foundation Phase) eLigwa (Vaal), esiyingini esise-Gauteng. Irhubhululo linikela amano lawo angasetjenziswa botitjhere ukuqinisa ihlelo lefundo efaka woke umfundi ematlasini womkhakha wefundo omkhulu. Abotitjhere abalisumi bakhethwe ngehloso eenkolweni zomkhakha omkhulu, eenkolweni ezihlanu zamabanga aphasi, kanti zinabadlalindima ababili abavela kuzo zohlanu iinkolo. Boke abadlalindima bekubotitjhere abaphuma kuGreyidi 3 wesikolo esisesiGabeni esisiSekelo. Idatha ibuthelelwe ngokusebenzisa iinhlolombono ezidephileko ezisize umrhubhululi bona angene atjhinge bese athole ilwazi lesifundo elinothileko nelifaneleko. Ngokulandela iinzathu zokusebenzisa iindlela ezinengi zokubuthelela idatha, umrhubhululi usebenzise ihlelo lokutsenga umtlolo (document analysis) njengendlela yesibili yokubuthelela idatha yaleli rhubhululo. Irhubhululo lilandele indlela yokutsenga enamathele kwingcoco, mayelana nokuhlukanisa ngeengaba kwedatha etloliweko, okuyidatha leyo umcwaningi ayisusele emiqondweni yabadlalindima begodu yakha iindikimba eziqakathekileko. Irhubhululo liveze ukuthi abotitjhere bahlangabezene neentjhijilo eziqakathekileko ezimalungana nokulandelako: Ukutlhayela kwelwazi namakghono ukulungisa ngokwaneleko iinkhinyabezo zokukhubazeka ezihlukahlukeneko; ibandulo lokuthoma elingasebenzi kuhle malungana nokuqalana nabafundi abanokukhubazeka okusiqabo eziphazamisa ukufunda; isikhala selwazi esikhona phakathi kwethiyori kanye nokwenza; ukutlhayela kwemithombo eyaneleko; umthangalasisekelo omumbi; imbalo ephezulu yabafundi abagcwele ngetlasini; ukutlhayela kwesekelo elivela eenqhemeni ezidzimelele kudistriki; kanye nekharikhyulamu e ngatjhugutjhugulukiko. Irubhululo lincoma ihlelo lokufundisa elitjhebisanako, lapho abotitjhere bafunda komunye; ukufundisana kwabafundi; amaphrogremu wokutjhentjhisana ngabotitjhere; ukutjhugululwa kwekarikhyulamu efaka abafundi abaneenqabo ezibavimbela ukufunda; kanye nesifundobandulo esiqale ekufundiseni amakghonofundwa wokusebenza azokusiza ukuqinisa ihlelo lefundo efaka woke umfundi eenkolweni zomkhakha wefundo omkhulu. / Ucwaningo beluhlose ukuphenya izinto ezihlangabezana nothisha kanye nokuveza izinselele ezihlangabezana nothisha abakwingxenye enkulu yemfundo kanti kuxutshwa phakathi abafundi abanezihibhe ezahlukahlukene eziphazamisa ukufunda emagunjini okufunda aseSigabeni esiyisiSekelo (Foundation Phase) ngase-Vaal, esifundeni sase-Gauteng. Ucwaningo lunikeza amasu angasetshenziswa wothisha ukuqinisa uhlelo lwemfundo oluxuba wonke umfundi emagunjini okufunda. Othisha abayishumi bakhethwe ngenhloso kwizikole zemfundo esebangeni eliphansi, kanti abadlalindima ababili bavela kuzo zonke lezo zikole. Bonke abadlalindima abangothisha ababekwiGreyidi 3 ye-Foundation Phase. Idatha yaqoqwa ngokusebenzisa izinhlolovo ezijulile ezasiza umcwaningi ukuba agxile ngokujulile futhi athole ulwazi olunothile nolufanele lwalesi sifundo socwaningo. Ngenhloso yokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokuqoqwa kwedatha, umcwaningi wasebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlaziya umbhalo njengendlela yesibili yokuqoqa idatha yalolu cwaningo. Ucwaningo luye lwalandela uhlelo lokuhlaziya idatha olugxile kwingxoxo (qualitative data analysis method), mayelana nokwehlukanisa ngezigaba kwedatha ebhalwe phansi, okuyidatha umcwaningi ayisusele kwimiqondo yabadlalindima kanti futhi iye yakha izindikimba ezisemqoka. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi othisha bahlangabezene nezinselelo ezisemqoka mayelana nalokhu okulandelayo: ukusweleka kolwazi kanye namakhono okulungisa ngokwanele izihibhe eziphazamisa ukufunda; ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala okungenamthelela omuhle ekubhekaneni nabafundi abanezihibhe ezahlukahlukene zokufunda; isikhala solwazi esikhona phakathi kwethiyori kanye nalokho okuyizenzo eziphathekayo; ukusweleka kwemithombo yolwazi eyanele; ukwentuleka kwemithombo eyanele; ingqalasizinda engathokozisi; inani eliphezulu labafundi emagumbini okufunda; ukusweleka koxhaso oluvela kumaqembu axhasayo esifundazwe; kanye nohlelo lwemfundo oluqinile. Ucwaningo luncoma uhlelo lokufundisa olusebenzisanayo, lapho othisha bafunda komunye; ukufundisana kwabafundi; izinhlelo zothisha zokuphakelana ngolwazi; ukuguqulwa kwekharikhyulamu efaka abafundi abanezihibhe ezibaphazamisa ukuthi bafunde; kanye nezinhlelo zokuqeqeshwa eziphokophele kuqeqesho lwamakhono okukhombisa ngezenzo, okungamakhono azoqinisa uhlelo lwemfundo oluxuba wonke umfundi kwizikole zengxenye yomkhakha wemfundo omkhulu. / Ṱhoḓisiso yo livhiswa kha u wanulusa tshenzhelo dza vhadededzi na u wanulusa khaedu dzine dza ṱangana na vhadededzi vhane vha funza kha zwikolo zwa vhagudiswa vha re na tshumelo dzo khetheaho musi vha tshi katela vhagudiswa vha re na zwithivheli zwa u guda zwo fhambanaho kha u guda kha Vhuimo ha Fhasi kiḽasini dza vhagudiswa vha si na tshumelo dzo khethea ngei Vaal, kha dzingu ḽa Gauteng. Ṱhoḓisiso yo ṋetshedza zwiṱirathedzhi zwine zwa nga shumiswa nga vhadededzi u khwinisa maitele a pfunzo nyangaredzi kiḽasini dza vhagudiswa vha si na tshumelo dzo khetheaho. Vhadededzi vha 10 vho nangwa ho sedzwa vhukoni u bva kha zwikolo zwa phuraimari zwiṱanu zwa vhagudiswa vha si na tshumelo dzo khetheaho. Vhadzheneleli vhoṱhe vho vha vhadededzi vha Gireidi ya 3 ya Vhuimo ha Fhasi. Data yo kuvhanganyiwa nga kha inthaviwu dzo ṱanḓavhuwaho ine ya konisa muṱoḓisisi u ṱoḓisisa nga vhudzivha na u wana mafhungo o pfumaho o teaho kha ngudo. Kha ndivho tharu, muṱoḓisisi o shumisa u saukanya ḽiṅwalwa sa ngona ya vhuvhili ya u kuvhanganya data ya ṱhoḓisiso iyi. Ngudo yo tevhedza ngona ya u saukanya ya khwanthithathivi data, u ya nga khethekanyo ya data yo ṅwalululwaho ye muṱoḓisisi a i bvisa kha kuvhonele kwa vhadzheneleli na u vhumba thero dza ndeme. Ṱhoḓisiso yo wanulusa uri vhadededzi vha tshenzhela khaedu dza ndeme musi zwi tshi ḓa kha zwi tevhelaho: u sa vha na nḓivho na zwikili u amba nga ha zwithivheli zwa u guda zwo fhambanaho nga nḓila yo teaho, vhugudeli thangeli vhu songo teaho kha u shumana na vhagudiswa vha re na zwithivheli zwa u guda zwo fhambanaho; phambano ya nḓivho ine ya vha hone vhukati ha thiori na nyito; ṱhahelelo ya zwishumiswa zwo teaho; ṱhahelelo ya themamveledziso; tshivhalo tshinzhi tsha vhagudiswa kiḽasini; u sa wana thikhedzo u bva kha thimu dza thikhedzo dza tshiṱiriki; na kharikhuḽamu ine ya thivhela u swikelela ṱhoḓea dzo fhambanaho dza vhagudiswa. Ngudo yo themendela tshumisano kha u funza, hune vhadededzi vha guda u bva kha muṅwe, pfunzo ya thangana ya murole, mbekanyamushumo dza u tshintshisana ha vhadededzi; u khwinisa kharikhuḽamu dzine dza katela vhagudiswa vha re na zwithivheli zwa u guda; na vhugudisi ha u pfumbudzwa ho sedzaho kha zwikili zwine zwa ḓo khwinisa pfunzonyangaredzi kha zwikolo zwa vhagudiswa vha si na tshumelo dzo khetheaho. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

The master's thesis deals with famous Notre-Dame de Paris, which was destroyed by fire in 2019. The work focuses specifically on the design of completion of the construction. The cathedral is situated in the historical centre of Paris on the Île de la Cité. A lot of damage was caused to the building after the devastating fire on 15 April 2019. The aim of the thesis was to create a spiritual place that would maintain its past, but at the same time manage to follow ecological solutions in the present. The new design of the attic creates a sacred place, in which we realize the importance of faith and the peace of God. The cathedral is open to the general public ? religious people from all over the world come here to experience the love, joy and happiness that the cathedral invokes. The whole attic can be described as an open space, which symbolizes infinity or immortality from the religious point of view. It represents the connection of the past, present and future. The space is designed to hold priestly celebrations and to be open for the public. It can also be used for various events, such as exhibitions of sculptures that survived the fire.