This multi-method ethnographic study explores the everyday lives of people with dementia living in the community, cared for by a spouse or family member. It examines three case studies of individuals with early to moderate stage dementia. The latter were attending a weekly day-centre group and this thesis explores their interactions with each other, individual histories, tastes, habits and daily habits. The primary aim of the research was to explore the natural role of music in the lives of these subjects as individuals and as a group. In doing so, this undertaking shows how, in supportive environments, agency and capacity can flourish, leading to constituents of ‘re-covery’, to use mental health terminology. This highlights some of the important matters that are overlooked where perspectives emphasise dementia as a disease of the brain. By contrast, it illuminates the role of social and environmental factors and their contribution to well-being. After initial interviews with each individual and in some cases, members of their families, five months of participant observation followed, primarily located in a home-based day care service. The data set was formed from 178 hours of field observations, a number of audio-recordings made during the sessions, and detailed field notes. This study shows that a close-up focus on the minute details of how a person lives their life and ‘dwelling’ with them for an extended period will illuminate many of the processes that work toward maintaining the well-being of people with dementia and facilitate their revitalisation. Significantly, it was the integration of music within and alongside the everyday tapestries of activities and events which helped create a space for connection and pleasure. The thesis findings reveal how the participants in this research repeatedly demonstrated expertise and insight, albeit not always verbally expressed, but shown in and through forms of practice as regards what was required for their well-being and how to achieve it. This achievement, however, also relied upon thoughtful and creative collaboration with others (carers, family members, etc.), working alongside the participants for mutually beneficial ends. The thesis concludes that what is required for people with dementia and their well-being does not differ substantially from what is generally required by humankind, but there are certain skills and modes of co-operative assistance that are necessary to ensure and maintain the well-being of people with dementia.

Security Operation Centers (SOCs) have become an integral component of business organizations all over the world. The concept of a SOC has existed for a few years now yet there is no systematic study documenting the occurrences of their operations. A lack of documented operational knowledge makes it a challenge for security researchers interested in improving operational efficiency through algorithms, tools, and processes. SOC environments operate under a secrecy culture as a result of which researchers are not trusted by analysts and their managers. This lack of trust leads to only superficial information through methods such as interviews. Moreover, security analysts perform their tasks using hunches that are difficult to articulate and express to an interviewing researcher. This knowledge is called tacit knowledge. Capturing rich tacit knowledge is crucial for researchers to build useful and usable operational tools. This thesis proposes use of long-term participant observation from cultural anthropology as a research methodology for security researchers to study SOC analysts and their managers. Over a period of four and a half years seven students in Computer Science, graduate and undergraduate, were trained by an anthropologist in using fieldwork techniques to study humans. They then took jobs as security analysts at five different SOCs belonging to academia and corporations. We made unexpected discoveries in pursuit of tacit operational knowledge. The first discovery was identification of human capital mismanagement of analysts as the root cause of analyst burnout. Specifically, a vicious cycle among analyst skills, empowerment, creativity, and growth causes analysts to lose morale and eventually leave the job. In fact burnout is a manifestation of number of tensions that are inherent in a security operations setting. This leads to our second discovery of recognizing and managing contradictions as a prerequisite for SOC innovation. Failure to acknowledge them can lead to dysfunctions in a SOC such as analyst burnout. Informed by the findings regarding the social aspects of SOC operations we attained the intended goal of capturing tacit operational knowledge. The thesis documents our experience in tacit knowledge capture through design of a framework for detecting phishing emails in near real-time. Studying human aspects of security operations and cyber-security in general must be done within a social and organizational context. This thesis proposes long-term participant observation of practitioners and end-users as a viable methodology to conduct cyber-security research in general.

Background: This thesis is about knowledge transfer and diversity at Nordic trading floors. The research is focusing on knowledge transfer and how it is influenced by diversity and the ties between homogenous people. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how the knowledge transfer could be more efficient at Nordic trading floors and whether employees prefer to share knowledge with employees to whom they either have a weak or strong social tie to. We also want to see how homogenous people impact the flow of knowledge transfer. Methodology: This research is conducted through a case study of respondents working at trading floors at two different banks in the Nordic countries. The data is mainly collected through quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Conclusions: Knowledge transfer at Nordic trading floors is implemented through different types of training and mentoring and by keeping up with strong social ties which is feeding the sociocultural arena. Homogenous people are contributing to knowledge transfer by spreading tacit knowledge while networking and socializing with each other. Wearing suits and playing golf might therefore help employees at Nordic trading floors to learn more.

Bakgrund: Tidigare forskning som beskriver hur bedömningen av postoperativ trakeal extubation ska gå till och vad som måste vägas in i bedömningen är begränsad. Existerande forskning berör specifika kriterier för att bedöma extubationstillfället, men få studier sammanställer samtliga. De kriterier som framkommer är anestesidjup, spontanandning, vakenhet, neuromuskulär blockad och temperatur. Anestesiyrket och den tysta kunskapen karaktäriseras av att simultant balansera flöden av formell kunskap från litteratur och kunskap från tidigare erfarenhet. Som nyutbildad och oerfaren anestesisjuksköterska saknas referenser och tidigare upplevelser vilket kan försvåra bedömningen av extubationstillfället. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva hur anestesisjuksköterskan bedömer postoperativ trakeal extubation. Metod: En kvalitativ ansats med fokusgruppsintervju som metod användes. Två fokusgruppsintervjuer genomfördes med tre respektive fem anestesisjuksköterskor på två sjukhus i Stockholm. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen gav en vidareutveckling av befintliga kriterier utifrån anestesisjuksköterskornas tidigare erfarenheter och kunskaper. Extubation sågs som en process och inte som ett enskilt moment, där datainsamling utfördes kontinuerligt för att bedöma den. I resultatet identifierades åtta kategorier: Fri luftväg, anestesimetod, neuromuskulär blockad, temperatur, väckning, vakenhet, andning och tyst kunskap. Dessa skapade en tydligare bild av hur kriterierna stod i relation till varandra. Slutsats: Den tysta kunskapen hjälper anestesisjuksköterskan i processen att bedöma extubationen. Klinisk betydelse: Studien ökar förståelsen för komplexiteten av bedömningen som utförs av anestesisjuksköterskan inför extubation. / Background: Previous research assessing postoperative tracheal extubation is limited. Existing research refer to specific criteria to assess extubation, but few studies compile all criteria. These criteria were depth of anesthesia, breathing, alertness, neuromuscular blockade and temperature. The profession of anesthesiology and tacit knowledge is characterized by simultaneously balancing formal knowledge from literature and knowledge from previous experiences. A recently graduated and inexperienced nurse anesthetist lacks references and past experiences which can complicate the assessment of extubation. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how the nurse anesthetist assesses postoperative tracheal extubation. Method: A qualitative approach with focus group interviews was used. Two focus group interviews were carried out with three and five nurse anesthetist in two hospitals in Stockholm. The material was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in a further development of criteria by nurse anesthetics previous experiences and knowledge. Extubation was referred to as a process rather than a specific procedure, where the collection of data was carried out continuously in order to assess it. Eight categories were identified: airway, anesthetic regimen, neuromuscular blockade, temperature, awakening, alertness, breathing and tacit knowledge. These created a clearer view of how the criteria were related to each other. Conclusion: Tacit knowledge helps the nurse anesthetist in the process to assess extubation. Clinical significance: The study increases the understanding of the complex assessment of extubation.

In a rapidly growing and evolving environment, organizations must be able to reconfigure their resource base in order to adapt to changes. Several studies and research findings have already recognized knowledge management as a mean to enhance an organization’s dynamic capabilities and innovation. Effective knowledge management strategies have therefore become essential for an organization to achieve competitive advantage and finally innovate. Among the challenges for an effective knowledge management strategy, the transformation of "tacit" knowledge, that exists only in the experiences and mind of individuals and as such is difficult to be codified and transmitted, into "explicit" knowledge, which instead can be easily expressed and documented, is essential to guarantee continuous organizational learning. Modern software development processes, such as Agile, provide to organizations several knowledge sharing techniques, to aid in the transformation of knowledge from "tacit" to "explicit" one. This study aims at investigating the impact of agile knowledge sharing methodologies on both dynamic and innovation capabilities of a selected case study organization, and further analyses the factors that may be contributing to such relationship. The research is carried out by surveying a representative sample of employees of a German software development company, CompanyX. In total, 15 responses were received and a semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted with one senior manager. Correlation and reliability testing are used as statistical tools to test both the reliability and validity of the model. Finally, the causality between the factors affecting knowledge sharing methodologies in use at CompanyX and the organization’s dynamic and innovation capabilities are analysed and compared to previous theoretical and empirical research findings. Several important observations are made as a result of our study. In particular, the overall research findings demonstrate that agile knowledge sharing methodologies can act as enhancers of CompanyX dynamic capabilities and enablers of innovation.

The aim of this dissertation was to interpret and analyze how preschool teachers described their professional skills and to deepen understanding about this. Two questions were used to achieve this aim. The first question concerned what preschool teachers talked about regarding their experiences work in praxis. The second question concerned the manner in which preschool teachers' individual and collective reflection could contribute to new insights regarding their professional skills. Based on the three different forms of knowledge that Aristotle inspired: episteme, techne and fronesis skills can be said to consist of both theory and to a high degree, of practice in which the various forms both interact as complementary. Thus it is not enough merely to have scientific knowledge (episteme), or to know how something should be done only by general rules and principles (techne) to possess a skill. Rather professionalism is largely characterized by fronesis, a concept that can be translated as practical wisdom, and it cannot always be put into words. Dewey has highlighted the importance of reflection over every day conduct as an important tool to both broaden and alter the quality of practice work in praxis. In order to fulfill answer the aim of the dialogueseminar method was seen as a viable approach to collect empirical data. The emphasis of the method was to continuously reflect, both individually and in interaction with others and then share stories about their experience of practical work in praxis. The results showed that preschool teachers' professional skills emanated from their own life-world experience. Through this it was possible to focus and link practical action to two prominent themes. The themes were: expectations and approach and they describing the basis for the practical conduct preschool teachers related to and put into various concrete settings from the context they were operating in. Based on the study's second question, reflection was highlighted as both important and central to raising awareness of- and making new insights visible. According to preschool teachers, it had been enriching and energizing to be given opportunity to do this and the reafter to share their thoughts about their profession in dialogue. The results showed that preschool teachers' professional skills, with a focus on practical work, could both be widened and developed. Partly through individual reflection, but above all through collective reflection and conversations.

Tacit Knowledge Sharing and Self-Efficacy are well developed concepts within the academicfields of Knowledge Management and Social Cognitive Theory. The purpose of the study wasto investigate the antecedents and the relationship between the two concepts in for-profit andnon-profit organisations. The study employed Ipe’s model of knowledge sharing to TacitKnowledge Sharing and Albert Bandura’s contribution to Self-Efficacy. A qualitative studywas conducted and the authors collected data through semi-structured interviews which werelater analysed through a process of content analysis. The findings show that sources ofinformation for self-efficacy judgements can be influenced by the occurrence of TacitKnowledge Sharing. Organisations can benefit from these findings by incorporatingopportunities to share tacit knowledge into their working routines, helping their employeescirculate knowledge and increase their sense of self-efficacy

The construction industry is the largest industry in the world and operates in knowledge-based project organisations. The success of projects relies on the management of both tacit and explicit knowledge. This situation calls for a method for disseminating tacit knowledge from individuals to achieve higher performance and success value in construction projects. For the purpose, this study first articulates the problems of knowledge management in the construction industry. Then, by reviewing some knowledge engineering and management literatures, this research sets a theoretical foundation of knowledge management in the construction industry. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate and examine the current situation of knowledge management in UK and China construction industry. The result of frequency analysis and nonparametric test analysis provides the perceptions on the importance of knowledge transfer, the implementation of knowledge transfer, the resources of knowledge, and barriers for tacit knowledge transfer. From the literature review, this study proposes a tacit knowledge transfer process framework (3I) and identifies a series of factors correlated with effectiveness of knowledge transfer. This thesis also identifies four main independent variables - organsiational culture, organizational structure, IT technology and No-IT technology, and investigates the relationship between organisational elements with these factors and the performance of knowledge transfer. The findings are based on three case studies and responses of questionnaire survey and interviews. The results reveal that there are significant relationships between some of the variables and either the creation of knowledge assets or performance of knowledge transfer. Therefore, it is necessary for construction organsiations to consider these elements in developing and implementing a knowledge management strategy/system in a construction organisation. This study proposes a practical methodology to transfer knowledge by using an integrated system (TKTMS). The TKTMS can be an effective tool for all project members to transfer tacit knowledge across firms' boundaries and accelerate the speed of knowledge creation, share and transfer in the construction industry. The integration of the function model (IDEF0) with the information model (IDEF1) is applied to understand the necessary function/information for consideration in the 3I model and implement TKTMS.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to translate theoretical concepts of knowledge management into the context of providing end user support by the service desk. It strives to define specifics caused by globalized and outsourced way of providing customer service. The thesis extends the traditional interpretation of knowledge management in this field by setting up a balanced view regarding both explicit and tacit knowledge and considers also appropriate tools and methods for its efficient creation, maintenance and sharing. Final part contains a case study, showing those applied concepts in practice of a company. The thesis is concluded by a set of generally usable recommendations for more effective management of customer support knowledge.

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