O processo de envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade premente nas diversas sociedades atuais, com grande concentração de idosos especificamente nos países em desenvolvimento. O envelhecer muitas vezes leva o ser humano à condição de sedentarismo e à falta de atividade física que pode acarretar prejuízos no equilíbrio e resultar em aumento do número de quedas. O Tai Chi Chuan, arte marcial oriental de origem chinesa vem se destacando como uma das atividades de intensidade moderado de grande popularidade entre a população idosa em todo o mundo e; especificamente no Brasil, ainda são escassos os estudos que procuram verificar os benefícios do Tai Chi Chuan entre os idosos. Avaliar o equilíbrio de idosos cadastrados no Programa de Saúde da Família, na faixa etária dos 60 aos 70 anos em três tempos (antes, durante e após) de um programa de seis meses de Tai Chi Chuan constituiu o objetivo deste estudo. Realizamos uma pesquisa quantitativa com 21 idosos (65,5 ± 2,7 anos de idade) sedentários, utilizando como instrumentos de avaliação: escala de equilíbrio de Berg e um questionário estruturado com características gerais e de saúde. Como recurso complementar utilizamos um roteiro de entrevista em grupo focal, técnica de abordagem qualitativa, para conhecer as percepções de idosos e da equipe de Saúde da Família em relação ao programa proposto. Quanto aos aspectos quantitativos obtivemos melhora significativa (p<0,01) entre os tempos da 1ª e 3ª avaliação de Berg. Na comparação entre os grupos em cada tempo e a escala de Berg, não foram observadas diferenças quanto ao gênero, idade, escolaridade, estado civil, aposentadoria, percepção subjetiva de saúde e audição, participação em casal ou não, comorbidades referidas e renda. Para as comparações entre os tempos em cada grupo e a escala de Berg foram observadas diferenças quanto ao gênero, idade, escolaridade, aposentadoria, percepção subjetiva de saúde e audição, participação em casal ou não, comorbidades referidas e renda (p<0,01). Quando comparadas as médias das quedas durante os tempos foram observadas diferenças significativas na redução do número de quedas, tanto no sexo feminino quanto no masculino, da 1ª para a 3ª avaliação. quanto aos aspectos qualitativos constatamos pelas percepções dos idosos que a intervenção contribuiu para a melhora da postura, da respiração, da flexibilidade, reduziu o consumo de antiinflamatórios e estabeleceu um espaço de socialização entre eles; apesar da precária infra-estrutura do local onde foi realizada a pesquisa. Nas percepções levantadas pela equipe de Saúde da Família percebemos que o foco da atenção primária ainda é focado na doença devido em parte pelas grandes demandas por atendimento na população. Este estudo permitiu concluir que o Tai Chi Chuan pode ser uma oportunidade acessível, de baixo custo e agradável para a manutenção de um estilo de vida saudável e a provisão de cuidado para populações em processo de envelhecimento e que pode ser implementado no âmbito da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. / The populational ageing process is a growing reality in many modern societies with a particularly high concentration of elderly people in developing countries. Ageing often takes the human being to a sedentary condition and to the lack of physical activity, which can impair balance and increase the number of fall accidents. Tai Chi Chuan, the Chinese martial art, has been highlighted as an activity of moderate intensity that got great popularity among the elderly population all over the world. However, in Brazil, studies on the benefits of Tai Chi Chuan to the senior population are still scarce. The aim of our study was to assess balance in elderly people, ranging from 60-70 years old of age, registered in the Health Family Program at three different moments (before, during, after) of a 6-month Tai Chi Chuan program. We carried out a quantitative research with 21 sedentary elders (65.5 ± 2,7 years old) using as analytical tools the Berg balance scale and a structured questionnaire with general and health questions. As an additional research instrument for qualitative assessment, we used a focal group interview form in order to collect perceptions of the subjects and Health Family professionals about the activity program. Regarding the quantitative aspects of our research, we got a significant improvement (p<0.01) when compared the Berg scale before and after the tai Chi Chuan program. When comparing the Berg scale at each moment of the program, we did not observe any difference associated to gender, age, educational background, marital status, retirement status, subjective perception of health and hearing, spouse involvement, mentioned comorbities and income. When comparing the Berg scale between different moments of the program, we observed differences related to gender, age, educational background, retirement status, subjective perception of health and hearing, spouse involvement, mentioned comorbities and income (p<0.01). The average number of falls significantly reduced, both in men and women, when we compared subjects before and after the activity program. As for the qualitative analysis, we noticed through the subjects perceptions that the intervention contributed to improvements in posture, breathing, flexibility, as well as reduced anti-inflammatory drug usage and created a social environment for them; even considering the poor infrastructure conditions of the place where the research was carried out. Based on the perceptions of the Health Family professionals, we noticed that the focus of the primary care is still directed towards the illness, which is partially due to a high demand of the health service. Therefore, Tai Chi Chuan can be a low cost, pleasant and accessible opportunity for the maintenance of a healthy life style and care provision for the ageing population, which can be implemented as a Health Family Strategy.

À notre époque où le matérialisme est plus que présent et où l’enseignement supérieur s’obstine à s’orienter vers les besoins économiques et la compétition mondiale, le bien-être des étudiants reste un terrain négligé. En France, nous constatons une diminution des capacités de gestion du stress et la détérioration du bien-être chez les étudiants. Le Tai Ji Quan (Tai Chi Chuan), art martial basé sur la pensée du Tao, connu comme une pratique associant le corps et l’esprit, peut-il être introduit dans les curricula universitaires afin d’apporter l’aide dont ont besoin les étudiants pour gérer leur stress et parvenir au bien-être ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons exploité les sources de la théorie du Tai Ji Quan et sa contribution à l’éducation ; étudié les fondements de cette pratique et analysé les avantages et les inconvénients de formations similaires existant en Chine, afin de réfléchir à l’intégration d’un curriculum de Tai Ji Quan dans le système universitaire français. A partir d’une réalité clinique de terrain, des stages de Tai Ji Quan style Chen de 18 heures ont été organisés, sur une durée de huit semaines, en 2012 et en 2013. Une étude pilote quasi expérimentale et une étude qualitative à l’aide d’entretiens semi directifs a été menée. La première de ces études monte des effets bénéfiques du Tai Ji Quan sur la réduction du stress et l’augmentation du bien-être des étudiants. De plus, les scores attribués au stage à la question finale ont montré une forte motivation des étudiants. Les résultats des entretiens, complétés par les témoignages écrits du groupe expérimental de la première recherche, montrent les bienfaits physiologiques et mentaux acquis lors de la formation. Des bénéfices ont été constatés qui se prolongent dans la vie quotidienne des étudiants. Ces données qualitatives ont permis d’identifier les points sur lesquels le curriculum du Tai Ji Quan pouvait satisfaire les besoins des étudiants et d’évaluer son programme : contenu et durée, supports matériels, situation de travail chez soi, désir de persévérer, difficultés rencontrées pendant la pratique du Tai Ji Quan et remédiations, qualification des enseignants, ainsi que les valeurs de ce curriculum apportées aux apprentis, sur le plan éducatif et sociétal. / In a world driven by globalisation and materialism, higher education struggles with preparing students to excel in competition by offering extensive intellectural training, while how to nurture the well-being of students is still underexplored. In France, associted with the decrease of skills in stress management, French students’ well-being has been deteriorated year by year. Tai Ji Quan (Tai Chi Chuan), the martial art that is based on Taoism philosophy and traditional Chinese medicine and kown as a typical body-mind practice, has been proven to be effective in improving physical and mental health. How could Tai Ji Quan be integrated into university curricula to improve students’ well being ? To answer this question, we reviewed the theoretical roots of Tai Ji Quan and its contribution to education, we also examed its essential principles and analyzed the avantages and disadvantages of Tai Ji curriculum compared with other trainings courses in China. In order to explore means to integrate teaching Tai Ji Quan into French university system, we organized an 18-hour Chen style Tai Ji Quan training courses during an eight-week period at the University of Limoges (France) in 2012 and in 2013. We adopted a quasi-experimental pilot study and semi-structured interviews to collect data. Results show a strong motivation of students to engage in this practice, and show that our participants benefit physically and mentally from this training. They also reported that how this practice benefit them greatly in their daily lives. This study allows us to analyze at what extend that the Tai Ji Quan ‘s curriculum can satisfy the need of students ; discuss the design of curriculum programme. They also sheds lights how this curriculum can benefit students, the educational terms and the society overall.

Yeung, Pui Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-145). / Abstract and some appendixes also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ABSTRACT (in Chinese) --- p.iii / DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / RESEARCH-RELATED PRESENTATIONS AND AWARD --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Incidence and prevalence of falls in older people --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Incidence and prevalence in western countries --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Incidence and prevalence in Hong Kong --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Causes and risk factors for falls --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Causes for falls --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Risk factors for falls --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- Consequences of falls --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Individual perspective --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Impact on health service and society --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- Intervention and prevention strategies --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Effective interventions and preventive approaches --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Areas of uncertainty for interventions and prevention approaches --- p.19 / Chapter 2.5 --- Existing efforts in intervention and prevention --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Worldwide levels and collaborations among various countries --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Current services for falls prevention in Hong Kong --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6 --- Criteria contributing to successful intervention and risks modification --- p.27 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Identification of elderly fallers at Accident & Emergency Department --- p.28 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Selection of the proved effective programme to those likely to benefit --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Uptake and adherence of the target fallers to the selected programmes --- p.30 / Chapter 2.7 --- Current gaps in study of services for elderly fallers in Hong Kong --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.32 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research objectives --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2 --- Operational definition of falls --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3 --- Study design --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Diagrammatic illustration of the study design --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- "Subjects, assessors and setting" --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Sources of data collection --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Questionnaire and assessment instruments --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Referrals and interventions --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Plan of data analysis --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULT --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- Progression of elderly fallers --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2 --- Characteristics of all elderly fallers presented to A&E --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Demographics --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Rate of hip fracture --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Seasonal variation for occurrence of falls --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Subsequent one-year mortality --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Subsequent one-year occurrence of falls with presentation to A&E --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Subsequent one-year hospitalization and length of stay --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- Profile of elderly fallers who received comprehensive falls assessment --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Demographics --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- "Circumstances, consequences and past history of falls" --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Health and functional profile --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4 --- Uptake of interventions or referrals by elderly fallers --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Uptake rate of various interventions or referrals --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Reasons for refusing interventions or referrals --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5 --- Comparison between recurrent fallers and non-recurrent fallers --- p.91 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Co-morbidity between recurrent fallers and non-recurrent fallers --- p.91 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Functional profile between recurrent fallers and non-recurrent fallers --- p.91 / Chapter 4.6 --- Comparison between injurious falls and non-injurious falls --- p.93 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Co-morbidity between fallers with resultant injury and fallers without injury --- p.93 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Functional profile between fallers with resultant injury and fallers without injury --- p.93 / Chapter 4.7 --- Comparison of the profiles between the elderly fallers and the general older population in Hong Kong --- p.95 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Comparison in demographics --- p.95 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Comparison in self-perceived health --- p.95 / Chapter 4.7.3 --- Comparison in lifestyle factors --- p.95 / Chapter 4.7.4 --- Comparison in BMI --- p.96 / Chapter 4.7.5 --- Comparison in morbidity --- p.96 / Chapter 4.7.6 --- Comparison in number of disease --- p.97 / Chapter 4.7.7 --- Comparison in medication use --- p.97 / Chapter 4.8 --- Comparison between fallers attended and those who did not attend the falls assessment clinic in terms of the subsequent one-year results --- p.102 / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Comparison in subsequent one-year mortality --- p.102 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Comparison in subsequent one-year recurrent falls with presentation to A&E --- p.102 / Chapter 4.8.3 --- Comparison in subsequent one-year hospitalization and LOS --- p.103 / Chapter 4.9 --- Validation of a simple screening tool adopted from the Mr. Os (Hong Kong) study by the result of this study --- p.106 / Chapter CHAPTER --- 5 DISCUSSION --- p.108 / Chapter 5.1 --- Profile of elderly fallers presenting to A&E and its implications to health care planning for the elderly --- p.110 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Profile of fallers in terms of subsequent one-year results --- p.110 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Profile of fallers compared with general older population --- p.111 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Implications on health care planning for the elderly --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2 --- Acceptability of various interventions and referrals by fallers and its implications to health care planning for the elderly --- p.116 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Uptake rates for various interventions and referrals --- p.116 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Views towards various interventions and referrals by fallers --- p.117 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Implications on health care planning for the elderly --- p.117 / Chapter 5.3 --- Discussion of other findings --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Seasonal variation in occurrence of falls --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- "Circumstances, consequences and past history of falls" --- p.122 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Comparison between recurrent fallers and non-recurrent fallers in terms of co-morbidity and functional profile --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Comparison between fallers with resultant injury and fallers without injury in terms of co-morbidity and functional profile --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Comparison between fallers attended and those who did not attend the falls assessment clinicin terms of subsequent one-year results --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Usefulness of the risk profile of recurrent falling adopted from Mr. Os (Hong Kong) Studyin screening the fallers with high risk of falling --- p.125 / Chapter 5.4 --- Limitations --- p.126 / Chapter 5.5 --- Recommendations for further research --- p.128 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.129 / REFERENCES --- p.131 / APPENDICES / Appendix 1 Assessment Form used in Falls Assessment Clinic --- p.146 / Appendix 2a Scale for Subjective Socioeconomic Status -English version --- p.151 / Appendix 2b Scale for Subjective Socioeconomic Status -Chinese version --- p.152 / Appendix 3a Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire -English version --- p.153 / Appendix 3b Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire -Chinese version --- p.155 / Appendix 4 Modified Barthel Index --- p.157 / Appendix 5 Rating Form for Impairment in IADL --- p.159 / Appendix 6 Mini-Mental State Examination -Cantonese version (CMMSE) --- p.160 / Appendix 7 Geriatric Depression Scale - Four-item short form (GDS-4) --- p.162 / Appendix 8 Berg Balance Scale - short form (BBS short form) --- p.163

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

Geography and Geology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Darbo objektas: nuolatinio (> 3 mėn.) apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo, negalios dėl jo, judamojo atraminio aparato funkcinių ir pusiausvyros rodiklių pokytis po 8 savaičių Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių įtakos. Tyrimo problema: ar Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa gali įtakoti rodiklius susijusius su nuolatiniu apatinės nugaros dalies skausmu? Hipotezė: Čen stiliaus 8 savaičių trukmės Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa turi teigiamą įtaką, skausmo bei su juo susijusios negalios, judamojo atraminio aparato funkciniams bei pusiausvyros rodikliams esant apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui. Tikslas: nustatyti, kokią įtaką turi 8 savaičių trukmės Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa esant nuolatiniam apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui. Uždaviniai: 1. nustatyti skausmo ir negalios dėl jo rodiklius bei įvertinti jų kaitą; 2. nustatyti judamojo atraminio aparato funkcinius rodiklius bei įvertinti jų kaitą; 3. nustatyti pusiausvyros rodiklius ir įvertinti jų kaitą. Tiriamieji: 10 tiriamųjų (8 moterys ir 2 vyrai, 42,8 ± 11,6 metų amžiaus, 168,1 ± 4,6 cm ūgio, 66,3 ± 13,0 kg svorio, nuolatinio apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo trukmė – 8,6 ± 7,7 metai). Išvados: 8 savaičių trukmės Čen stiliaus Taidzičiuan treniruočių programa, esant nuolatiniam apatinės nugaros dalies skausmui yra efektyvi mažinant skausmą bei negalią dėl jo, tačiau neturi reikšmingos įtakos judamojo atraminio aparato funkciniams rodikliams (išskyrus padidėjusį lankstumą į šonus, bei kairės kojos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject of study: impact of 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program on chronic (> 3 month) low back pain, disability, functional musculoskeletal system and balance indicators. Problem of study: can Chen style Taijiquan training program influence indicators, which are related with chronic low back pain? Hypothesis: 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program has positive influence on pain, disability, functional and balance indicators for people, who have chronic low back pain. The aim: to assess, what impact has 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program on chronic low back pain, disability, functional and balance indicators. Objectives: 1. to assess indicators of pain and disability and evaluate alternation; 2. to assess functional indicators of body and evaluate alternation; 3. to assess indicators of balance and evaluate alternation. Participants: 10 participants (8 woman and 2 man, 42,8 ± 11,6 year old, height - 168,1 ± 4,6 cm, weight - 66,3 ± 13,0 kg, duration of chronic low back pain - 8,6 ± 7,7 years). Conclusions: 8 weeks duration Chen style Taijiquan training program has positive influence on reducing pain and disability, but does not have influence on functional indicators of body (except increase range of side flexibility and length of left leg posterior muscles). Balance indicators (length of swinging trajectory and average swinging speed) also were not influenced.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a metodologia do Yôga e do Tai Chi Chuan na composição da partitura cênica do ator, ao relatar a aplicação das duas técnicas orientais nos exercícios de improvisação. Desta forma, foi possível provar a qualidade cênica ao experimentar o método numa livre adaptação do texto Hamlet de Shakespeare. O método, resultado das improvisações com os ásanas do Yôga e os movimentos básicos do Tai Chi Chuan, levou à criação do espetáculo Agora já era...Hamlet!. / The aim of this work is to describe the methodology of Yoga and Tai Chi Chuan to build the actors theatrical piece while reporting the usage of these eastern techniques in exercises of improvisation. This way, it was possible to prove the theatrical quality when experimenting the method in a free adaptation of the text Hamlet by Shakespeare. This method resulted from improvisations with yoga positions (asanas) and basic Tai Chi Chuan movements, which led to the creation of the play Agora já era...Hamlet!.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1978.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture