Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-03T14:00:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ritadecassiabarrosdefreitasaraujo.pdf: 2865828 bytes, checksum: 5628b949b42fead27cd59f835ced0daa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-03T19:44:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ritadecassiabarrosdefreitasaraujo.pdf: 2865828 bytes, checksum: 5628b949b42fead27cd59f835ced0daa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-03T19:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ritadecassiabarrosdefreitasaraujo.pdf: 2865828 bytes, checksum: 5628b949b42fead27cd59f835ced0daa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-26 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como temática central a formação de alfabetizadores (profissionais responsáveis pelo trabalho com a aprendizagem inicial do sistema de escrita alfabético ortográfico-SEAO). Embora seja notório que, para se garantir a cidadania, não basta ser alfabetizado, aprender e praticar socialmente a leitura e a escrita é uma condição essencial para o acesso pleno à cidadania. Denota-se, desta configuração, a complexidade e importância da formação para alfabetizar, bem como a relevância e justificativa para a realização de pesquisas sobre a temática. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi compreender como alfabetizadores que apresentam um trabalho considerado bem-sucedido aprenderam a fazer o que fazem tão bem. Para tanto, foi lapidada a seguinte questão: ―De que forma(s) alfabetizadores com atuações reconhecidas como bem-sucedidas aprenderam a alfabetizar de modo efetivo, garantindo que, se não todos, a maioria de seus alunos tivessem êxito no processo de aprendizagem inicial do Sistema de Escrita Alfabético Ortográfico (SEAO)? A Escolha dos colaboradores da pesquisa se deu a partir da indicação de diferentes fontes, tais como profissionais de renome da área, pesquisadores do processo de alfabetização, nomes que emergem na literatura e em eventos de formação e divulgação de pesquisas, entre outras. O trabalho de campo pautou-se nos constructos da ―Entrevista Compreensiva‖ de Kaufmann (2013), a partir de abordagem qualitativa de cunho histórico-cultural. Dialogamos com 18 alfabetizadoras efetivas e cinco pesquisadoras experientes na área da alfabetização e formação docente, norteadas por uma grade de entrevistas flexíveis semiestruturadas. Contamos também, ao longo do processo, com apoios dialógicos bastante significativos. Visitamos dois Programas de Rede que envolvem trabalhos relacionados à formação de professores para alfabetizar. Para análise dos achados, foram construídos, com base nos estudos de Aguiar (2005) e Aguiar e Ozella (2006), cinco núcleos de significação: Disparadores do processo evolutivo de constituição da identidade docente; Processos de formação docente formal (Acadêmica) e desenvolvimento profissional; A atuação docente e a construção de saberes; A despeito das dificuldades, a paixão: motivação para continuar e buscar o desenvolvimento profissional permanente e, por fim, Caminhos possíveis. Para a compreensão e análise dos núcleos em direção à questão proposta, fundamentamo-nos nos constructos teóricos de autores como: C. Dubar, Bondía, Menga Lüdke, C. Marcelo, Clermont Gauthier, Antônio Nóvoa, Maurice Tardif, Paulo Freire, Bernardete Gatti, Magda Soares, Isabel Frade, Luiz Carlos Cagliari, entre outros. Os achados, analisados em profundidade, confirmam a dinamicidade e complexidade do processo de formação do alfabetizador e da aquisição dos saberes para alfabetizar de forma eficiente, bem como sinalizam caminhos, mesmo que modestos, possíveis para que esta venha a ser mais efetiva. Apontam para a formação multifacetada destes profissionais que, motivados por diferentes atividades e relações sociais, alcançam maior autonomia em seu processo de formação, empenhando-se ativamente em seu desenvolvimento profissional permanente. As considerações possibilitam pensar a importância de uma formação inicial sólida, com conhecimentos específicos relativos ao processo inicial de aprendizagem do SEAO escrita. / This research work has the education of literacy teachers (professionals who are responsible for the initial teaching of the Orthographic Alphabet Writing System, or SEAO) as a central theme. Although it is notorious that guaranteeing citizenship is not enough to be literate, learning and socially practicing the ability to read and write is an essential condition for full access to citizenship. The complexity and importance of literacy training, as well as the relevance and justification for carrying out research on this theme, are thus emphasized. The general objective of such research is to understand how literacy teachers, who demonstrate successful work, have learned to do what they do so well. In order to do so, the following question was asked: "In what way (s) did successful literacy teachers learn how to effectively teach literacy, ensuring that, if not all, most of their students succeeded in the initial learning process of the Orthographic Alphabet Writing System (SEAO)? The selection of the research collaborators was based on referral from different sources, such as renowned professionals in the field, researchers of the literacy process, names in the literature and education and research dissemination events, among others. The field work was based on the constructs of Kaufmann's "Comprehensive Interview" (2013), based on a qualitative approach of a historical and cultural nature. We spoke with 18 effective literacy teachers and five experienced researchers in the literacy and teacher education field, guided by a series of flexible semi-structured interviews. We also relied on significant dialogic support throughout the process. We visited two Network Programs that involved work related to literacy teacher education. In order to analyze these findings, five significance cores were created based on the studies by Aguiar (2005) and Aguiar and Ozella (2006) as follows: Triggers of the evolutionary process for the creation of the teaching identity; Processes of formal (academic) teacher education and professional development; Teaching and the construction of knowledge; In spite of the difficulties, passion: motivation to continue and pursue permanent professional development and, finally, Possible paths. In order to understand and analyze the cores towards the proposed question, we based ourselves on the theoretical constructs of authors such as: C. Dubar, j. Larossa, M. Lüdke, C. Marcelo, C. Gauthier, A. Nóvoa, M. Tardif, P. Freire, B. Gatti, M. Soares, I. Frade, L. C. Cagliari, among others. The findings, which were analyzed in depth, confirm the dynamics and complexity of the process of (trans)formation of the literacy teacher and the acquisition of knowledge for efficient literacy, and also indicate possible ways, however modest, to make it more effective. They point to the multifaceted education of these professionals who, motivated by different activities and social relations, earn greater autonomy in their education process by actively engaging in their permanent professional development. These considerations allow us to think about the importance of a solid initial education, with specific knowledge regarding the initial learning process of the written SEAO.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / After South Africa became a democratic country in 1994, the South African education ministry devised curriculum changes at a national level that would reflect an equal education structure for all South Africans. Curriculum 2005 was implemented in 1998 with the curriculum changes gazetted in the Department of Education’s Revised National Curriculum Statement for Grades R-9 (RNCS) (Schools). South African teachers had to be retrained to implement these curriculum changes. The legislation for teacher education is documented in the Norms and Standards for Educators (NSE) policy document (DoE,2002). This exploratory phenomenological multiple case study explores teacher identity in connection to how primary school teachers view, perceive and implement the Community, Citizenship and Pastoral (CCP) role at three primary schools in the Western Cape education districts. The three schools chosen can be described as suburban advantaged, suburban disadvantaged and urban disadvantaged. The overall aim of this study is to investigate the connection between teacher identity and the views, perceptions and practices of primary school teachers at three schools in the Western Cape in relation to the practical, foundational and reflexive competences of their CCP role.In this multiple case study, qualitative methods are used. The qualitative methods include participant interviews, focus group discussions, unstructured observations and document analyses. Numerical data collected is presented in a quantitative format. An interpretative approach from an insider and outsider perspective has been selected. Terre Blanche,Durrheim & Kelly’s (2006) steps in interpretative data analysis is adopted as well as Max-Neef’s (1991) transdisciplinary approach.This study is informative for a number of stakeholders: teachers, schools, Education Management Development Centres, the Western Cape Education Department and the National Education Department. I report on how teachers see their teacher identity and how this identity impacts on the way teachers view, perceive and approach their CCP role. Some internal and external factors that influence teacher identity include administrative stress, staff dynamics and the results and feedback from learners. The significance of this study lies in the revelation that all teachers, irrespective of their teaching environment or backgrounds, are in need of support. Based on the findings of this investigation I further propose a programme for teacher support that can be encouraged amongst teachers. These recommendations can influence both teacher performance and teacher longevity in schools. Further recommendations are for the extended school community and the synergy that can exist among the various stakeholders in education.

Magister Educationis - MEd / This mini-thesis attempts to explain the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure in public schools in the Western Cape. The mini-thesis uses the case study as research design to explore aspects such as the motivation for using ICT, funding models, infrastructure models, ICT curriculum integration and teacher development. In order to gather data on the above, interviews and observations are used as research tools. The study begins with the exploration of the history of ICT infrastructure in South African schools and subsequently an international perspective is added through the literature review. Officials and teachers of the Western Cape Education Department (WCED) were interviewed to obtain their perspectives and a school was visited to observe procured ICT infrastructure. The results revealed that the WCED is using the Khanya project to deliver an ICT infrastructure to schools and to provide facilitation in the integration of ICT into the curriculum. It further showed that due to the rapid change in technology, Khanya had to adapt the hardware configuration on a regular basis and that this put considerable strain on and already small budget for ICT. The challenge that emerged is the lack of adequate ICT training for teachers. This could potentially hamper the integration of ICT and if not addressed, could serious hamper the WCED in its quest to deliver a technology based curriculum. The study concludes with conclusions drawn for the data as well as recommendations for effective ICT integration. / South Africa

Magister Educationis - MEd / Current debates in education and education support focus on the importance of schools needing to facilitate the holistic development of learners and also ensuring the achievement of educational objectives. This study focused on the need for counsellors to support teaching and learning in Schools of Skills and investigated challenges that emerged when school counsellors facilitate school development. The research question which framed this study was, what is the role school counsellors play in supporting teaching and learning and school development? A mixed methods approach that employed both qualitative and quantitative techniques was adopted in an attempt to construct a rich and meaningful picture of school counselling practice within School of Skills. Participants included principals, counsellors and educators at four schools of skills situated in the Western Cape. The data collection process included interviews and questionnaires. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with the four principals and the four school counsellors and questionnaires including both open-ended and closed questions were completed by educators. The findings illuminate the psycho-social barriers experienced by learners and how school counsellors can support learners. Roles of school counsellors are varied and involve the provision of support to various members of the school community in addition to teaching and administration. Challenges faced by school counsellors were highlighted as lack of human resources, lack of support and workload. The recommendations are presented as suggestions for consideration at various levels in the system, from micro (level of the individual) to macro (level of the state).

Magister Artium - MA / There is global interest in teacher education as a strategy for national development. More specifically, emphasis is placed on teachers as the driving force behind educational provision which is central to achieving high standards of learner achievement. This study focused on teacher in-service development and its role for effective teaching and learning towards the holistic development of learners. Extensive social inequalities, along the lines of race, still exist in South Africa almost twenty years into the new dispensation. This is evident by the vast majority of impoverished schools in previously disadvantaged areas. Learners at these schools experience a range of barriers to learning which impede teaching and learning. Consequently, teachers at these schools are confronted with a tensionfilled task: having to be sensitive to the needs of these learners, whilst at the same having to ensure their success. This is reflected in Department of Education (DoE) policies which emphasises principles of social transformation for redress and equity, coupled with the acquisition and application of knowledge and skills for the benefit of individuals in South Africa, as well as global trends. As a quantitative data collection method in this mixed method study, 55 teachers (of which 26 responded) from two schools, were asked to complete a questionnaire on the effectiveness of teacher in-service development programmes towards the holistic development of learners. Qualitative data collection methods entailed interviewing a principal of one of the schools; a social worker from the area; as well as a district officer from the Western Cape Education Department (WCED). In addition, relevant DoE policies were reviewed. Findings reflect that teachers at impoverished schools are confronted with a range of challenges presented by learners in the classrooms. The findings also indicate that even though DoE policies reflect a commitment to teacher development, the in-service programmes offered to teachers mostly do not reflect the needs of teachers for the holistic development of learners. In instances where inservice programmes do assist with the holistic development of learners, findings indicate that the implementation thereof is challenging due to the high teacher: learner ratio and limited resources. Thus, recommendations include the periodic monitoring and review of long-term DoE teacher development initiatives whilst short term measures incorporate giving attention to impediments like lack of parental support and behavioural challenge. Long term measures, which are strongly recommended, encompass systemic change that facilitates the working together of a number of governmental departments. In so doing, educational reform takes on a society wide form, as it is evident that on its own it cannot abate poverty and the related effects. Thus, the DoE’s vision of education for social transformation towards redress and equity, as well as economic growth for individuals and South Africa is more plausible. These recommendations create a vital space for future research.

Estimates of “Street Youth” (SY) (those who live/work on the streets) show 150 million around the world, with approximately 50,000 in Kenya alone as of 2018. Challenges these youth face remain a significant barrier to national governments achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education) targets, as formal schools limit access or fail to provide meaningful and supported learning experiences for SY. However, informal learning spaces that empower youth to solve problems themselves may provide them with the knowledge and skills they are denied by formal schools. SY rescue, rehabilitation, and reintegration centers all around the world emphasize and place education at the center of their operations. Recommendations for educational services for SY include providing flexible, alternative education and skills training for youth unable or unwilling to return to school. However, the lack of skilled professionals working with the SY population is one of the most critical challenges.<div>To meet the learning needs of vast numbers of SY, teachers already connected to this population must be trained in teaching more empowering, skill-based courses such as engineering, which are typically complex. Such innovative, problem-centered curricula demand skilled teachers who are prepared to facilitate a more student-centered classroom. However, sub-Saharan Africa faces a shortage of 17 million formally qualified teachers, even for its formal public schools. Therefore, connecting with the teachers in the context and training them in engineering teaching is crucial. Researchers have long argued the need for teacher professional development to be continuous and long-term. Through this dissertation, I present a Design-Based Research (DBR) study of untrained Teacher Professional Development (TPD) in collaboration with three aspiring engineering teachers at an alternative school for SY in western Kenya. I draw on the theoretical framework of Situated Learning and Communities of Practice (CoP) to discuss the outcomes of a three-phase professional development program. Each phase was designed using the recommendation from McKenney et al. (2006) to include three iterative micro-cycles of analysis, design, and evaluation leading to a meso-cycle. In total, three meso-cycles were completed to arrive at DBR’s final phase of reflection and generation of design principles.<br></div><div>In the first phase, teachers in this study adopted reflective practice strategies to increase their awareness of the practice. Analysis from the study showed that the teachers individually and collectively showed resilience to challenging and complex experiences by establishing a strong foundation for the community of practice. In the second phase, teachers engaged in action research to improve both teaching and learning outcomes. Results demonstrated increased active participation of the teachers in their teaching practice, and developed new understandings of engineering teaching. However, the first two studies also showed the challenges limiting the teachers from constructing an engineering teacher identity and unresolved questions about the sustainability of the TPD. Therefore, in the last phase, the teachers adopted mentoring new teachers as a strategy to develop their identities and sustain the engineering TPD.<br></div><div>The findings from the three phases resulted in generation of design outcomes that include a situated understanding of the theory in this fragile context and design principles that are transferable in comparable settings. Implications of this work suggest a sustainable teacher professional development model for untrained engineering teachers in fragile contexts and present relevant design principles for the CoP.<br></div>

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Gain experience with a systematic professional development model to identify key capacities needed in teachers who wish to develop and implement emergent curricula. Use the COI system to locate and use evidence from planning documents to help teachers develop curricula.