Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Information and communication technology (ICT) has become part of education as it has, in many cases, become the mode of choice of communication with people in all spheres of life. It provides teachers with the opportunity to access information from a vast array of resources that assists them in their teaching practices. Education in South Africa is constantly transforming to new requirements from the National Department of Education (NDoE). The fundamentals of Outcomes Based Education are lifelong learning and the development of 21st century skills that allow learners to use information for different contexts. ICT enables teachers and learners to access computer systems to develop skills, interact with their peers, colleagues, and the global society. Even though teachers know the value of ICT in teaching and learning, the pedagogical use of ICT in South African schools remains limited. In the SITES 2006, South African teachers acknowledged that they were enthusiastic to explore new ways to make teaching and learning more interesting, but that they encountered many barriers that hinder the pedagogical use of ICT for mathematics. This research has determined that the teachers’ ICT pedagogical knowledge contributed towards more effective teaching and learning practices of mathematics in South African schools. The study also describes how insufficient ICT pedagogical knowledge affected teachers’ confidence to explore ICT tools. This study followed a secondary data analysis (SDA) of the Second International Information Technology in Education Study of 2006 (SITES 2006) data from the 640 participating mathematics teachers in South Africa. The correlated data describes the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) of mathematics teachers while making use of ICT. Continuous professional teacher development is required to focus on the attainment of information technology pedagogical knowledge to further the use of ICT on the teaching of Mathematics. The study also indicates that South Africa lags far behind the other 22 countries that participated in SITES 2006. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Developing professional expertise of prospective teachers not only in terms of theoretical knowledge but also in terms of competencies of designing challenging and cognitively activating learning opportunities in the mathematics classroom is certainly one of the key aims of internship phases in pre-service mathematics teacher training. As mathematics-related theoretical contents of teacher training and practice-related learning opportunities of school internships are not always linked in an optimal way, this paper aims at discussing a model of an intensive internship phase combined with a triple coaching approach partly integrated in a course accompanying the internship phase.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2560783 bytes, checksum: 524b60444ed249a452e78e93e237f2e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Based on the assumptions that texts represent and construe the world (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992), that identity construction occurs through individual and public forums‟ (TÁPIAS-OLIVEIRA, 2005), that ´located´ teacher development is essential in order to trigger a critical-reflective stance (FREEMAN, 1996; FREIRE, 1996; JOHNSON, 2006; REICHMANN, 2007a), this case study addresses a reflective journal produced by an EFL teacher the teacher-researcher herself over six months. In order to investigate teacher representations and discursive constructions about professional identity, this research follows an emic perspective (FREEMAN, 1998; GHEDIN & PIMENTA, 2002) and focuses on lexicogrammatical choices in the journal, grounded on Systemic-Functional Grammar, in special, the transitivity system (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY e MATHIESSEN, 2004), and more specifically, in transitivity constructs such as Processes and mental projections. Systemic-Functional Grammar views language as a complex social semiotic system construing ideational, interpersonal and textual meanings (HALLIDAY, 1994). Results suggest that in terms of teacher representations, over time, there is an increase in relational and mental Processes, signaling characteristics related to teacher identity, students, the classes and the journal itself, as well as to reflective features of teaching practice. In terms of mental projections, they (re)constitute change in teacher positioning, suggesting new social roles adopted by the teacher. Highlighting the importance of the reflective journal as a literacy practice and as a literacy event, constituting a catalyzing genre‟ (SIGNORINI, 2006), it is relevant to underscore the importance of literacy practices in initial and continued language teacher development. / Partindo das premissas que textos representam e constituem o mundo (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992); que a construção identitária ocorre através de foros íntimos e públicos‟ (TÁPIAS-OLIVEIRA, 2005) e que a formação localizada de professores é essencial para favorecer uma postura crítico-reflexiva (FREEMAN, 1996; FREIRE, 1996; REICHMANN, 2007a), este estudo de caso focaliza um diário reflexivo produzido por uma professora de língua inglesa a própria professora-pesquisadora ao longo de seis meses. Com o intuito de investigar as representações da experiência docente e as construções discursivas sobre identidade profissional, esta pesquisa segue a perspectiva êmica (FREEMAN, 1998; GHEDIN e PIMENTA, 2002) e centra-se nas escolhas lexicogramaticais no diário, baseada na Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY e MATHIESSEN, 2004), mais especificamente, em construtos do sistema de transitividade, a saber, dos Processos e projeções mentais. Na ótica sistêmico-funcional, a língua é vista como um recurso sócio-semiótico complexo para construir significados ideacionais, interpessoais e textuais (HALLIDAY, 1994, p. xiii). Os resultados da análise indicam que em termos de representações da experiência, há um crescimento longitudinal dos Processos relacionais e mentais, sinalizando, respectivamente, características da identidade da professora, de seus alunos, das aulas e do diário; bem como traços de reflexão sobre a prática dessa professora. Quanto às projeções mentais, (re)constituem a mudança de posicionamento docente, sugerindo novos papéis sociais que ela assume. Apontando para o diário reflexivo simultaneamente como prática e evento de letramento, e constituindo-se como um gênero catalisador‟ (SIGNORINI, 2006), percebemos a importância de práticas de letramento na formação inicial e continuada de professores de línguas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1282971 bytes, checksum: 21921b86597e00e75693d389b62bd5b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Situated in the field of Applied Linguistics, the present study aims to investigate a dialogue journal produced by two English as a Foreign Language teachers at a public university in northeastern Brazil. The teachers were simultaneously taking a teacher education extension course, CECPLIN, and a graduate course, Introduction to Applied Linguistics. This investigation focuses on 13 dialogue journal entries produced by the two teachers during four months. According to Freeman (1996, p.90), pinpointing the need to redefine the relationship between academic research and what teachers know, there is an intimate divorce between research and teaching . Along these lines, that is, focusing on the reflective teacher and the teacher-researcher perspective (ROMERO, 1998; LÜDKE, 2001; REICHMANN, 2001; ZEICHNER 1990, 1998, 2003, amongst others), this piece of research underscores the importance of an insider‟s view in order to understand some aspects of teachers‟ actions, challenges, and difficulties in relation to the students, school and professional identity construction. Considering language as social practice (FAIRCLOUGH, 1992), and from the perspective of Systemic-Functional Grammar, in special, the Transitivity system (Halliday, 1994), my aim is to map and analyze the Processes, Participants and mental projections that occur in primary clauses in the dialogue journal, in order to understand in which ways the lexicogramatical choices (re)construe teaching practice. Results indicate that relational Processes occur more frequently, followed by material and mental Processes. In relation to mental projections, one of the teachers, in her texts, is mostly concerned with students, whereas the other one is mostly concerned with her own teaching practice. In sum, as a contribution to the Applied Linguistics field, this study highlights the relevance of teachers investigating their own language practices, thus making sense of social problems in which language has a central role (MOITA LOPES, [2006], 2009). / Situado no campo da Lingüística Aplicada, o presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar um diário dialogado reflexivo produzido por duas professoras de língua inglesa em uma universidade pública na região nordeste do país, simultaneamente integrantes de um curso de extensão, o Curso de Educação Continuada para Professores de Língua Inglesa (CECPLIN) e de uma disciplina na pós-graduação, Fundamentos de Lingüistica Aplicada. Foram analisados treze textos do diário reflexivo, produzido ao longo de quatro meses. Para Freeman (1996), que aborda a necessidade de redefinir a relação entre a pesquisa acadêmica e os saberes docentes, há um abismo entre o que os professores sabem sobre a prática através da experiência e o que os pesquisadores dizem sobre o ensino e aprendizagem. Alinhando-se a essa necessidade, ou seja, à perspectiva de professor reflexivo e professor-pesquisador (ROMERO, 1998; LÜDKE, 2001; REICHMANN, 2001; ZEICHNER 1990, 1998, 2003, entre outros), este trabalho se justifica pela importância de uma visão de dentro‟ para se entender alguns aspectos das vivências dos professores, seus desafios e percalços em relação aos alunos, à escola e às suas próprias identidades profissionais. Considerando a linguagem como prática social, objetivamos, mais precisamente, mapear e analisar sob a ótica da Gramática Sistêmico Funcional, em especial o sistema de Transitividade (HALLIDAY,1994), os Processos, Participantes e Projeções Mentais que ocorrem em orações selecionadas do diário dialogado, para assim entender de que maneira as escolhas léxico-gramaticais das professoras (re)constituem a experiência docente. Os resultados indicam que os Processos relacionais são os mais recorrentes, seguidos dos materiais e mentais. Em relação às projeções mentais, nos textos de uma professora há uma preocupação mais focada nos alunos, enquanto que nos textos da outra professora há reflexões sobre a prática docente. Concluindo, como contribuição à área, através deste estudo é sublinhada a relevância dos próprios professores investigarem sua prática, criando "inteligibilidade sobre problemas sociais em que a linguagem tem um papel central" (MOITA LOPES [2006], 2009).

Orientador: Douglas Altamiro Consolo / Banca: Magali Barçante Alvarenga / Banca: Hélcio de Pádua Lanzoni / Banca: Ana Mariza Benedetti / Banca: Marta Lúcia Cabrera Kfouri Kaneoya / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta um estudo longitudinal de pesquisa aplicada, qualitativo-interpretativista, inserida no projeto "Exame de Proficiência para Professores de Língua Estrangeira (EPPLE): definição de construto, tarefas e parâmetros para avaliação em contextos brasileiros" (UNESP, DLEM, 2008-2011). Investigo, por meio da aplicação do piloto de um teste oral, o TEPOLI (Teste de Proficiência Oral em Língua Inglesa), a problemática da proficiência oral de alunos de Inglês como Língua Estrangeira (ILE) em um curso de Licenciatura em Letras de uma faculdade particular do interior do estado de São Paulo, em período noturno, durante quatro anos. Com vistas a melhorar a deficitária formação do futuro professor de ILE, principalmente em relação à proficiência oral em língua inglesa (POLI), o teste oral foi aplicado para alunos do 2° ao 4° ano, a fim de: 1) caracterizar a POLI desses alunos; 2) estabelecer critérios para a POLI diante das expectativas profissionais específicas para o contexto brasileiro; e 3) através do efeito retroativo do teste, discutir e reculturar expectativas, crenças e culturas de ensino/aprendizagem e de avaliação e, ainda, aprimorar a POLI desses alunos, na aprendizagem durante o referido curso, ao retomar os desvios linguísticos detectados pelo TEPOLI. A análise dos dados, coletados por meio de gravações de aulas e dos testes orais em vídeo, ambos transcritos, de sessões de visionamento e reflexivas, além de conversas informais e questionários, revelou discrepâncias existentes entre as expectativas do aluno em relação ao ensino de ILE (cultura de aprender) e o que o professor espera desse aluno (cultura de ensinar), e consequentes problemas na formação da competência linguística, principalmente no que tange à POLI dos alunos. Os testes também foram compilados em um... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis presents a longitudinal study of applied research, based on qualitative-interpretive strategies, as part of the project "EPPLE - EFL Teachers' Language Proficiency Examination (LPT-EFLT)": definition of construct, tasks and patterns for assessment in Brazilian contexts." (UNESP, DLEM, 2008-2011). By using a pilot version of an oral test, labeled as TEPOLI (Test of Oral Proficiency in English), it aims at investigating the problems concerning English as Foreign Language (EFL) students' oral proficiency in a context of evening classes in a private English Language and Literature undergraduate course (henceforth Letters course) in the northern region of the state of Sao Paulo, in Brazil, from its first to its fourth year. Looking forward to improving the future EFL teachers' profile, concerning specially their oral proficiency in the English language (OPEL), the test was taken by students of the Letters course, from the second to the fourth year of the university course, in order to: 1) analyse students' OPEL; 2) establish criteria for OPEL according to specific professional expectations in Brazilian contexts; and 3) through the washback effect of a test, discuss and reculture expectations, beliefs and teaching-learning cultures, as well as improve students' OPEL during the learning process by returning to linguistic deviations detected by the TEPOLI test. The analysis of all data collected by means of class recordings and videos of the oral tests, all of which were transcribed, reflexive vision sessions, informal conversations and questionnaires, reveals discrepancies between the student's expectations about the students' learning culture and the teacher's expectations about the students (teaching culture) and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Utsumi.pdf: 1137597 bytes, checksum: 6fec74508383ac9ed2225852205f49ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-11-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The following study consists of a procedural research through a qualitative approach in narrative format. It assumes the teacher s role as one of much responsibility demanding constant improvement as to achieve capability to carry out well succeeded pedagogical actions. The teacher herein mentioned, is one engaged in the teaching practice, acknowledging and reflecting upon the latter, not only prior to and during the preparation but also during the progress and still after with the objective of extracting from the actions, elements which aid in a constant improvement of the process. Under the above mentioned aspects, I wish to bring to your attention the reflexive practice of Teachers in Primary School, in the initial years of schooling, specially related to their well succeeded pedagogical actions in class, such being the subject studied and investigated in this dissertation. The data collection process of this study was acquired through 1) semistructured interviews 2) oral accounts, 3) class observation and 4) field notes. The data analysis, the discussion of the results and the possible follow up processes for the development of teachers were assembled and expressed taking into consideration principles and criteria of the Narrative Investigation. From the conclusion drawn from the result of the investigation, the following were underlined: a) Teachers carry out reflexive practices of different types and levels, however, such reflections are clearly related to their difficulties and to their pedagogical didactic conflicts, each within a specific action context; b) The Teachers are able to undergo reflection upon their action, as well as reflection about their action with a pedagogical-literature approach, although not expressing sociological, philosophical, political, anthropological, epistemological aspects- those aspects which bring more critical content and more criteria to reflection, in other words, reflexivity attributes. With the above mentioned, it is important to note the development of the school aligned with the development and professionalization of the teaching practice, through the consideration of each specific context following a search meaning movement for the teaching and learning practices. In my last thoughts, I encourage the reflexive teachers to engage in clear commitments with the future, in the present activity of their classroom setting, in order to acquire skills as to their pedagogic response to the educational needs of their students, who are part of and live in this complex 21st century society. / O presente estudo consiste numa pesquisa processual, de natureza qualitativa, expresso na modalidade narrativa. Tem como pressuposto que o papel do professor implica uma tal responsabilidade que resulta em exigência de aperfeiçoamento constante, para que este profissional possa apresentar-se capaz de uma ação pedagógica bem-sucedida. Um professor, assim caracterizado, corresponde ao profissional efetivamente engajado na prática docente, manifestando atitude de reflexão sobre esta mesma prática, não apenas antes, em sua preparação, mas durante o seu desenrolar e mesmo depois desta, procurando extrair da própria ação elementos que ajudem a constantemente melhorá-la. Sob tais aspectos, destaco a prática reflexiva de Professoras do Ensino Fundamental, nos anos iniciais de escolaridade, especialmente relativa a suas ações pedagógicas bem-sucedidas em aulas, que busco enfocar como objeto de estudo e de investigação nesta dissertação. A coleta de dados da pesquisa deu-se por meio de 1) entrevistas semi-estruturadas, 2) relatos orais, 3) observação de aulas e 4) notas de campo. A análise dos dados, a discussão dos resultados e os encaminhamentos possíveis para a formação de professores foram construídos e expressos levando em conta princípios e critérios da Investigação Narrativa. Das conclusões, tecidas à luz do que resulta desta investigação, destacam-se as que são assim enunciadas: a) as Professoras realizam práticas reflexivas de tipos e níveis diferentes, contudo, tais reflexões ocorrem visivelmente atreladas às suas dificuldades e aos seus conflitos didático-pedagógicos, cada qual em seu contexto específico de ação; b) As Professoras conseguem realizar reflexões na sua ação, bem como reflexões sobre a sua ação com aproximações à literatura pedagógica, ainda que com ausência de explicitação de aspectos sociológicos, filosóficos, políticos, antropológicos, epistemológicos, enfim, dos aspectos que conferem maior criticidade e critério à reflexão, ou seja, atributos de reflexividade. Em função disso, ressalto a importância do progresso da escola em consonância com o progresso e a profissionalização do trabalho docente, através da consideração de cada contexto específico num movimento de busca de sentido para o ensino e para a aprendizagem. Nas considerações finais, propugno para o professor reflexivo compromissos evidentes com o futuro, no presente de suas salas de aula, para que possa ter maior capacidade de resposta pedagógica às necessidades educativas dos seus alunos, que se inserem e vivem na complexa sociedade deste século XXI.

This dissertation study explored the practices that foster teacher development in a community of practice (Wenger, 1998, 2010) of teachers of English as an Additional Language in a large federal university in the south of Brazil. The community is part of a big internationalization effort in Brazilian universities, named Languages without Borders (LwB). In summary, the goal of the program is to teach additional languages for university students, faculty and staff. For that, the local LwB center has fifteen student teachers, from sophomore to senior year, who are pursuing a teaching certification in English as an Additional Language. Although the community has teaching as its end goal, and not teacher development, teacher development has emerged as an epiphenomenon, for student teachers need to learn how to teach in order for the community’s goals to be attained. The objective of this study was to observe, describe and analyze the practices that foster professional development for these student teachers in order to understand in what ways (and if) the experiences in their everyday life of the community become professional learning. While previous research has shown that communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998) can be sites of learning, and has explored communities among teachers and students in a variety of contexts, there is a scarcity of studies about community among these additional language teachers (Costa, 2013; Merril, 2016) With the theoretical framework of Practice Theory (Wenger, 1998; Young, 2009; Ortner, 1983), this interpretative study (Erickson, 1990) examined history-in-person interviews with focal participants as well as intensive participant observation – recorded in the form of field notes, audio recordings and photographs – and collection of artifacts. The research participants consist of fifteen student teachers, two former student teachers, three Fulbright English Teaching Assistants, and two of the three coordinators of the program at this university. Out of these, five student teachers were chosen for the interviews. Results revealed that this community has both formal and informal practices that cultivate teacher development. The formal practices are planned by the coordinator and enacted in weekly pedagogical meetings, and include practices such as microteaching, workshops and lectures. The informal practices emerge from teachers’ everyday interactions in the teachers’ room, and include practices such as sharing materials, requesting help, sharing classroom stories, sharing specialized concepts and literature in the field of AL teaching, and planning classes together. In conclusion, the landscape of practices that student teachers experience throughout their trajectory in the program helps them develop as teachers through the profession (Nóvoa, 1992) and integrate both technical and practical aspects of the job.