Orientador: Iraíde Marques de Freitas Barreiro / Banca: Graziela Zambão abdian Maia / Banca: José Camilo dos Santos Filho / Resumo: A avaliação externa tem se constituído uma política com presença marcante na escola pública atual como um meio de garantir ou assegurar a qualidade do ensino. Partindo da necessidade de o Estado avaliar o ensino oferecido, a avaliação vai além, servindo para atender às exigências dos organismos internacionais em um contexto marcado pela retirada do Estado, com políticas públicas de cunho neoliberal. Na escola, a avaliação do ensino como indicativo da qualidade tem sido objeto de muita discussão entre os professores causando muita polêmica. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar como a escola, na percepção da equipe gestora e dos professores organiza o trabalho pedagógico, a gestão da escola, tendo em vista as políticas de avaliação externa e a necessária qualidade do ensino. Foi realizada a pesquisa qualitativa, em uma escola da rede estadual do município de Cafelândia/SP seu objeto de estudo. Além do contato direto do investigador com a realidade investigada, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com a equipe gestora e com alguns professores, assim como um levantamento e estudo da bibliografia que aborda a temática da avaliação. As percepções dos sujeitos entrevistados, longe de um consenso, apresentam divergências. Enquanto a equipe gestora planeja o trabalho de acordo com as competências avaliadas externamente visando o alcance das metas propostas, os professores assumem uma posição contrária com ensino voltado para as necessidades dos alunos e, segundo os professores, os índices da avaliação externa não indicam a qualidade na e da escola / Abstract: The evaluation expresses it has been constituting if a politics with outstanding presence in the current public school as a middle of to guarantee or to assure the quality of the teaching. Leaving of a need that the State has to evaluate the teaching that offers, the evaluation goes beyond, being to assist to the demands of the international organisms in a context marked by the retreat of the State with public politics of neoliberal stamp. In the school, the evaluation of the results of the teaching as indicative of the quality of the school has been object of a lot of discussion among the teachers causing a lot of controversy. Like this, this work has for objective to investigate as the school, in the team manager's perception and of the teachers it organizes the pedagogic work tends in view the evaluation politics it expresses and the necessary quality of the teaching. A qualitative research was accomplished, that did of a school of the state net of the municipal district Cafelândia/SP study object. Besides the direct contact of the investigator with the investigated reality, interviews were accomplished semistructured with the team manager and with some teachers, as well as a rising and study of the bibliography that it approaches this thematic one. The subjects interviewees' perceptions, far away from a consent, present divergences. While the team manager plans the work in agreement with the competences evaluated seeking the reach of the proposed goals, the teachers assume a position contrary with teaching gone back to the students' needs and, according to the teachers, the indexes of the evaluation express they don't indicate the quality in the and of the school / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MORAES_Telma_2015.pdf: 1888477 bytes, checksum: 66044c69918b31a84d1c9b2d4528e83d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The present work casts doubts on the perceptions of parents, students, regular teachers, coordinator teachers and principals from the state schools at the city of Itapetininga as much as the complete sense and meaning of democratic management in the dimension of predictability, effectiveness and implications that they result, through punctual fragments articulated in the literature area. the study was anchored in the premises of search qualitative and quantitative from interviews with the directors of the school and semi- structured questions were led to the participants and for its analysis we searched for four specific categories in which we could see clearly the results from the people who were the subject of study: 1) The signification of democracy, with theorical basis essentially from Bobbio (1998, 2000, 2013); 2) The signification of the representative organs (APM and Conselho de Escola and Grêmio estudantil) with basis on Gohn (2011), Hora (2012), Lima (2013) Riscal (2009) Luiz, Riscal and Ribeiro (2013), Oliveira and Silva (2005), Paro (2007) Ramos and Conti (2013); 3) The administration of democratic schooll studied from Hora (2012), Lima (2013), Lima, Aranda and Lima (2013), (Meirieu (2005), Oliveira (2013), Paro (1998, 1999, 2007, 2008 e 2010); 4) The resignification of the school quality, with theorical reference in Benevides (1996), Enguita (2001), Frigotto (2001), Gentili (2001), Lima (2014), Paro (1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014) and Prado (2014). The contextualization of the do object of research also aroused the investigation of the course and patterns of the school administration in which took place on the republican time, such as the analysis of relation between schoool administration and enterprise administration. These investigations were developed on the theorical basis from Gallindo and Andreotti (2012), Ganzelli (2005), Clark, Nascimento and Silva (2012), Félix (1985), Lourenço Filho (1976), Minto (2012), Penteado and Bezerra (2012), Pereira (2006), Ribeiro (1995), Romanelli (2014), Sander (2005, 2007), Xavier (1992). Our main conclusions are the evidence that the conception of direct democracy imposed itself dominant among the people involved as been the ideal; there is a distance between the concept of democracy stood up by Bobbio (2000) and what the people involved in the study understand; it is not clear yet as for the main elements of representative democracy; there is the understanding about the attributions, the nature and the reasons of the school organs, however, in the representation, it ignores the question on the role of social control of education; there is a conformist trende in a non participation of parents at the make-decision rooms; everybody recognizes that the democratic administration contributes to the quality of education, although, it is necessary to think about which are the indicators of quality in the democratic education and, finally the conclusion is that between the predictability and the effectiveness of democratic administration, there is still a long way to be run. / O presente trabalho problematiza as percepções de pais, alunos, docentes, professores coordenadores e diretores de escolas estaduais do município de Itapetininga quanto ao sentido e significação plenos da gestão democrática na dimensão previsibilidade, efetividade e implicações decorrentes, à luz de recortes pontuais articulados à literatura da área. O estudo foi ancorado nas premissas da pesquisa qualitativa-quantitativa, por meio de entrevistas com diretores de escola e questionários estruturados e semi-estruturados aos demais participantes e, para sua análise, buscamos quatro categorias especificas nas quais pudemos evidenciar as devolutivas dos sujeitos ao objeto de estudo: 1) Significação de democracia, com embasamento teórico advindos essencialmente de Bobbio (1998, 2000, 2013); 2) Significação dos órgãos representativos (APM e Conselho de Escola e Grêmio estudantil) com base em Gohn (2011), Hora (2012), Lima (2013) Riscal (2009) Luiz, Riscal e Ribeiro (2013), Oliveira e Silva (2005), Paro (2007) Ramos e Conti (2013); 3) Gestão escolar democrática a partir de Hora (2012), Lima (2013), Lima, Aranda e Lima (2013), (Meirieu (2005), Oliveira (2013), Paro (1998, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2010 e 2012); 4) Ressignificação de qualidade de ensino, com referência teórica em Benevides (1996), Enguita (2001), Frigotto (2001), Gentili (2001), Lima (2014), Paro (1998, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2014) e Prado (2014). A contextualização do objeto de pesquisa suscitou, ainda, a investigação da trajetória e modelos da administração escolar assumidos no período republicano, bem como a análise da relação entre Administração Escolar e a Administração de Empresa. Essas investigações foram desenvolvidas a partir do embasamento teórico de Gallindo e Andreotti (2012), Ganzelli (2005), Clark, Nascimento e Silva (2012), Félix (1985), Lourenço Filho (1976), Minto (2012), Penteado e Bezerra (2012), Pereira (2006), Ribeiro (1995), Romanelli (2014), Sander (2005, 2007), Xavier (1992). Nossas principais conclusões são a comprovação de que a concepção de democracia direta se impôs dominante entre os envolvidos como sendo a ideal; há uma distância entre o conceito de democracia propugnado por Bobbio (2000) e o que entendem os respondentes; não há clareza quanto aos elementos primordiais da democracia representativa; há o entendimento sobre as atribuições, a natureza e as finalidades dos órgãos colegiados, no entanto, na representação ignora-se a questão do papel de controle social da educação; há uma tendência conformista na não participação dos espaços decisórios por parte dos pais; todos reconhecem que a gestão democrática contribui para a qualidade do ensino, porém, se faz necessário pensar quais são os indicadores de qualidade da educação democrática e, por fim, a conclusão de que entre a previsibilidade e a efetividade da gestão democrática há um longo caminho a ser percorrido.

As Instituições de Ensino Superior - IES são submetidas a diversos níveis de avaliações governamentais que resultam em sua permanência no mercado. Esta questão se justifica, pois, aprimorar o ensino superior é um esforço fundamental que deve ser exercido não apenas pelos governos, mas por toda a sociedade. Um modelo de maturidade é um mecanismo capaz de qualificar numericamente a capacidade de gerenciar projetos com sucesso. O objetivo deste trabalho é aplicar o Modelo de Maturidade em Gestão de Projetos Prado, que afere a maturidade numa escala de 1 a 5 (inicial, conhecido, padronizado, gerenciado e otimizado), identificando boas práticas de gestão de instituições privadas de ensino superior, contribuindo para o fortalecimento destas instituições e para a educação brasileira. Os resultados apresentados foram comparados com uma média de maturidade no setor educacional, o qual foi o fator de comparação que motivou a escolha deste modelo dentre os vários existentes. Através de uma análise da maturidade, foi possível uma avaliação setorial do nível de maturidade do núcleo de planejamento da IES, setor onde os projetos são elaborados e estruturados. Com o resultado obtido, a IES pode elaborar os planos de melhorias, que contribuíram para um melhor desempenho, na gestão de projetos educacionais submetidos ao MEC/INEP, mostrando que este modelo pode proporcionar uma estruturação da gestão educacional e institucional dentro de qualquer IES, auxiliando na melhoria dos setores que desenvolvem estes projetos. / Higher Education Institutions - IES are subjected to various levels of government assessments that result in their stay in the market. This question is justified because, improve higher education is a key effort should be exerted not only by governments but also by the whole society. A maturity model is a mechanism to numerically qualify the ability to manage projects successfully. The objective of this work is to apply the model of maturity in Project Management - Prado, which measures the maturity on a scale of 1 to 5 (initial, name, standardized, managed and optimized), identifying good, private institution management practices of higher education, contributing to the strengthening of these institutions and the Brazilian education. The results were compared with an average maturity in the education sector, which was the comparison factor that motivated the choice of this model among the various existing. Through an analysis of maturity, a sectoral assessment of the level of maturity of the core planning IES was possible sector where projects are designed and structured. With the results, the IES can prepare plans for improvements, which contributed to the improved performance of IES in the management of educational projects submitted to the MEC / INEP, showing that this model can provide a structuring educational and institutional management within any IES, assisting in the improvement the sectors that develop these projects.

Diese Arbeit widmet sich in Form einer qualitativen Vignettenstudie der Unterrichtsplanung im Mehrebenensystem der Schule. Der Blick ist auf alle Ebenen des Mehrebenensystems schulischer Wirksamkeit am Beispiel der Planung von Lehr-Lern-Arrangements gerichtet. Ausgangspunkt ist die Betrachtung der Makroebene - der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildungslandschaft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland – mit seinen Grundvoraussetzungen und aktuellen Problemlagen, vor allem dem in weiten Teilen exorbitanten Lehrerinnen- und Lehrereinstellungsbedarf. Mit der Meso-, der Schulebene rücken die Rahmenbedingungen des Unterrichts in den Blickpunkt. Im Fokus steht das antizipierte Vorgehen angehender Lehrpersonen bei der Planung von Lehr-Lern-Arrangements. Diese mikroperspektivische Betrachtungsweise konzentriert sich auf das individuelle Vorgehen auf der Mikro- und damit der Subjektebene. Die qualitative Vignettenstudie geht der Frage nach, wie angehende Lehrpersonen die Aufgabe der Unterrichtsplanung aufgrund ihrer Bildungsbiografie bewältigen. Grundständig Lehramtsstudierende und eine Kontrollgruppe Quereinsteigender in den Lehrberuf äußern sich infolge des Impulses einer Textvignette schriftlich zu ihrem Vorgehen bei der Planung von Unterricht. Beruf(ung) Lehrerin/ Lehrer? Kann das Vorgehen bei der Unterrichtsplanung überhaupt verbalisiert werden oder handelt es sich um eine Art «Fahrradfahren»? Die Könnerinnen und Könner können, obwohl sie wissen wie es geht, ihr Können nicht verbalisieren (vgl. Neuweg, 2015, S. 15)? Ausgewertet mit der inhaltlich-strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz (2014, 2018) thematisiert die Ergebnisdarstellung, was empirisch überhaupt abgebildet werden kann. Auffällig ist neben einer stark inhaltsorientierten und materialgeleiteten Planung die Widersprüchlichkeit, Unplanbares planen zu wollen. Eine starke Zentrierung der Befragten auf die Lehrperson betont einseitig die Angebotsseite des Angebot-Nutzungs-Modells der Wirkungsweise des Unterrichts (Helmke, 2012) bei gleichzeitiger Vernachlässigung der Selbstreflexion etwa eigener Kompetenzen. In einzelnen Planungsdimensionen wie der Kompetenzorientierung, Differenzierung und Berücksichtigung motivationaler Aspekte zeigen sich zum Teil erhebliche Gruppenunterschiede und ausgeprägte Entwicklungstrends. Die Empirie verdeutlicht wie widersprüchlich die verschiedenen Systemebenen mit ihren vielen verschiedenen Akteuren handeln und dass jede Ebene sich der Unterrichtsplanung auf andere Art und Weise nähert. Diskutiert werden deshalb das Gelingen einer Theorie-Praxis-Verknüpfung und Konsequenzen für die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung.:1. Einleitung 2. Die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildungslandschaft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Stichwort Reform 2.1. Grundvoraussetzungen und Herausforderungen 2.2. Die Rahmenbedingungen der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung in Sachsen 2.3. Zwischenresümee 3. Nicht-grundständige Wege in den Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerberuf 3.1. Einordnung in die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildungslandschaft 3.2. Empirische Befunde 3.3. Das QUER-Programm in Sachsen 3.3.1. Empirische Befunde 3.3.2. Erfolgsquote des QUER-Programms 3.4. Zwischenresümee 4. Kompetenzen und Standards in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung: Stichwort Standardisierung 4.1. Entwicklungstendenzen und Meilensteine 4.1.1. Oser und Oelkers (2001) 4.1.2. Die Standards der Kultusministerkonferenz (2004, 2014, 2019) 4.2. Empirische Befunde zur Komptenzentwicklung (angehender) Lehrpersonen 4.3. Unterrichtskompetenz 4.4. Zwischenresümee 5. Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbiografieforschung: Stichwort Professionalisierung 5.1. Die Entwicklung einer biografischen Perspektive 5.2. Forschungsschwerpunkte 5.3. Biografie und Profession: Professionalität als berufsbiografisches Entwicklungsproblem 5.3.1. Bestimmungsansätze von Professionalität im Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerberuf 5.3.2. Empirische Befunde im Schnittfeld von Biografie und Profession 5.4. Zwischenresümee 6. Dimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität 6.1. Unterrichtsqualität aus der Perspektive der Allgemeinen Didaktik 6.2. Unterrichtsqualität aus der Perspektive empirischer Forschung 6.3. Der Einfluss des Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerhandelns auf die Lernleistungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler 6.4. Zwischenresümee 7. Unterrichtsplanung als Kernstück der Allgemeinen Didaktik 7.1. (Planungs-)Modelle der Allgemeinen Didaktik 7.1.1 Die Bildungstheoretische Didaktik und ihre Weiterentwicklung zur Kritisch-konstruktiven Didaktik 7.1.2. Die Lern- und Lehrtheoretische Didaktik: Vom «Berliner Modell» zum «Hamburger Modell» 7.1.3. Die Konstruktivistische Lerntheorie 7.2. Empirische Befunde zur Unterrichtsplanung 7.2.1. Die Unterrichtsplanung von Lehramtsstudierenden und Lehramtsanwärterinnen und -anwärtern 7.2.2. Die alltägliche Unterrichtsplanung von (berufserfahrenen) Lehrpersonen 7.3. Zwischenresümee 8. Methodisches Vorgehen 8.1. Forschungsdesign 8.2. Fragestellungen 8.3. Arbeitshypothesen 8.4. Auswahlverfahren 8.5. Stichprobenbeschreibung 8.5.1. Die grundständig Lehramtsstudierenden 8.5.2. Die Quereinsteigenden in den Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerberuf 8.5.3. Die Berufswahlmotivation 8.5.4. Pädagogische Erfahrungen 8.6. Vignettenstudie zur Erhebung des Vorgehens angehender Lehrpersonen bei der Unterrichtsplanung 8.6.1. Das Erhebungsinstrument 8.6.2. Inhaltsanalytische Auswertung 9. Die Vorgehensweise angehender Lehrpersonen bei der Unterrichtsplanung: Ergebnisdarstellung 9.1. Die Strukturebene der Vignettenantworten 9.2. Berücksichtigte Handlungsfelder 9.3. Die Selbstwahrnehmung der angehenden Lehrpersonen 9.4. Das (Vor-)Wissen und die Entwicklungsfähigkeit angehender Lehrpersonen 9.5. Subjektive Theorien zum Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerhandeln 9.6. Ergänzender Blick auf die Quereinsteigenden: Fremdeinschätzung durch die Mentorinnen und Mentoren in den universitären Praxisphasen 10. Diskussion 11. Literaturverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis / This thesis deals with lesson planning in the multilevel system of the school in form of a qualitative vignette study. The focus is on all levels of multilevel systems of school effectiveness using the example of planning of teaching-learning arrangements. The starting point is the consideration of the macro level – the teachers and teacher training landscape in the Federal Republic of Germany – with its basic requirements and current problem areas, above all the exorbitant need for recruitment of teachers. With the meso-, the school level, the frameworks of the lesson come to the fore. The focus is on the anticipated approach of prospective teachers when planning teaching-learning arrangements. This micro-perspective approach concentrates on the individual approach on the micro- and, therefore, the subject level. The qualitative vignette study investigates how prospective teachers manage the task of lesson planning based on their educational biography. Undergraduate trainee teachers and a control group of lateral entrants in the teaching profession express themselves in writing on their approach to the planning of lessons as a result of the impulse of a text vignette. Profession teacher? Can the approach to lesson planning be verbalised or is it a kind of “cycling“? The experts, although they know how to do it, cannot verbalise their skills (cf. Neuweg, 2015, p. 15)? Evaluated with the content-structuring qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz (2014, 2018), the presentation of the results addresses what can be empirically mapped at all. In addition to a strongly content-oriented and material-driven planning, the inconsistency of wanting to plan the unplanned is noticeable. A strong focus of the respondents on the teacher emphasises one-sidedly the supply side of the supply-use model of the effectiveness of the lesson (Helmke, 2012) while at the same time neglecting self-reflection, for example of one’s own competencies. In individual planning dimensions such as competence orientation, differentiation and consideration of motivational aspects, there are in part considerable group differences and pronounced development trends. The empirical evidence illustrates how contradictory the various system levels act with their many different actors and that each level approaches lesson planning in a different way. Therefore, the success of a theory-practice link and the consequences for teacher training are discussed.:1. Einleitung 2. Die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildungslandschaft in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Stichwort Reform 2.1. Grundvoraussetzungen und Herausforderungen 2.2. Die Rahmenbedingungen der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung in Sachsen 2.3. Zwischenresümee 3. Nicht-grundständige Wege in den Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerberuf 3.1. Einordnung in die Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildungslandschaft 3.2. Empirische Befunde 3.3. Das QUER-Programm in Sachsen 3.3.1. Empirische Befunde 3.3.2. Erfolgsquote des QUER-Programms 3.4. Zwischenresümee 4. Kompetenzen und Standards in der Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung: Stichwort Standardisierung 4.1. Entwicklungstendenzen und Meilensteine 4.1.1. Oser und Oelkers (2001) 4.1.2. Die Standards der Kultusministerkonferenz (2004, 2014, 2019) 4.2. Empirische Befunde zur Komptenzentwicklung (angehender) Lehrpersonen 4.3. Unterrichtskompetenz 4.4. Zwischenresümee 5. Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbiografieforschung: Stichwort Professionalisierung 5.1. Die Entwicklung einer biografischen Perspektive 5.2. Forschungsschwerpunkte 5.3. Biografie und Profession: Professionalität als berufsbiografisches Entwicklungsproblem 5.3.1. Bestimmungsansätze von Professionalität im Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerberuf 5.3.2. Empirische Befunde im Schnittfeld von Biografie und Profession 5.4. Zwischenresümee 6. Dimensionen der Unterrichtsqualität 6.1. Unterrichtsqualität aus der Perspektive der Allgemeinen Didaktik 6.2. Unterrichtsqualität aus der Perspektive empirischer Forschung 6.3. Der Einfluss des Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerhandelns auf die Lernleistungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler 6.4. Zwischenresümee 7. Unterrichtsplanung als Kernstück der Allgemeinen Didaktik 7.1. (Planungs-)Modelle der Allgemeinen Didaktik 7.1.1 Die Bildungstheoretische Didaktik und ihre Weiterentwicklung zur Kritisch-konstruktiven Didaktik 7.1.2. Die Lern- und Lehrtheoretische Didaktik: Vom «Berliner Modell» zum «Hamburger Modell» 7.1.3. Die Konstruktivistische Lerntheorie 7.2. Empirische Befunde zur Unterrichtsplanung 7.2.1. Die Unterrichtsplanung von Lehramtsstudierenden und Lehramtsanwärterinnen und -anwärtern 7.2.2. Die alltägliche Unterrichtsplanung von (berufserfahrenen) Lehrpersonen 7.3. Zwischenresümee 8. Methodisches Vorgehen 8.1. Forschungsdesign 8.2. Fragestellungen 8.3. Arbeitshypothesen 8.4. Auswahlverfahren 8.5. Stichprobenbeschreibung 8.5.1. Die grundständig Lehramtsstudierenden 8.5.2. Die Quereinsteigenden in den Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerberuf 8.5.3. Die Berufswahlmotivation 8.5.4. Pädagogische Erfahrungen 8.6. Vignettenstudie zur Erhebung des Vorgehens angehender Lehrpersonen bei der Unterrichtsplanung 8.6.1. Das Erhebungsinstrument 8.6.2. Inhaltsanalytische Auswertung 9. Die Vorgehensweise angehender Lehrpersonen bei der Unterrichtsplanung: Ergebnisdarstellung 9.1. Die Strukturebene der Vignettenantworten 9.2. Berücksichtigte Handlungsfelder 9.3. Die Selbstwahrnehmung der angehenden Lehrpersonen 9.4. Das (Vor-)Wissen und die Entwicklungsfähigkeit angehender Lehrpersonen 9.5. Subjektive Theorien zum Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerhandeln 9.6. Ergänzender Blick auf die Quereinsteigenden: Fremdeinschätzung durch die Mentorinnen und Mentoren in den universitären Praxisphasen 10. Diskussion 11. Literaturverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis

In diesem Beitrag werden eine videographierte Musikstunde und Interviews, die mit den Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie mit der Lehrerin über die Stunde geführt wurden, in Beziehung gesetzt zu einem Modell „Dimensionen von Unterrichtsqualität“. In diesem Modell, das im Rahmen der TIMSS-Video-Studie entwickelt wurde, wird zwischen Angebot, Nutzung und Wirkung von Unterricht unterschieden. Deshalb wird das Lernangebot der videographierten Stunde mit Hilfe von Unterrichtsbeobachtung und von Äußerungen der Lehrerin erschlossen; Nutzung und Wirkung dieses Angebots werden durch eine Analyse der Schülerinterviews rekonstruiert. Im Ergebnis klaffen Angebot und Nutzung auseinander; Leistung, Verständnis und Motivation als erwünschte Wirkungen von Unterricht haben sich nicht in wünschenswertem Umfang eingestellt. In den Äußerungen der Schülerinnen und Schüler offenbart sich eine enge Verbindung zwischen der Angemessenheit des Anforderungsniveaus, ihrem Lernen und ihrer Motivation. / This article relates a videotaped lesson of general music education to a model of teaching quality that was developed within the TIMSS Video Study. The model differentiates between teaching offers, the way students make use of them and students’ learning outcomes. The teaching offer is made accessible not only by video analysis but also by evaluating a teacher interview. Student interviews allow the reconstruction of both students’ usage and outcomes. The results reveal a big difference between the learning offers on the one hand and the students’ usage of those on the other hand. Achievement, comprehension and motivation were not accomplished as desired. The student interviews show a correlation between an adequate level of requirements, the learning process and motivation.

Syftet med studien är att dels att förstå hur systematiskt kvalitetsarbete kan se ut på klassrumsnivå och dels vad det innebär att tillämpa det utifrån elevperspektiv, och dels att jämföra hur elevernas måluppfyllelse utvecklats i jämförelse med en kontrollgrupp. Resultatet av detta har fört med sig att examensarbetet bidrar med ett föreslag på hur kvalitetsarbete kan ske på klassrumsnivå; här kallat Co Creative Learning - using IT to Visualise Progression (CIP). Det här är en aktionsforskningsstudie. Den har genomförts med enkäter, fokusgrupper och en tidsserie; i vilken 65 elevers arbeten inom tre skilda områden bedömdes. För att förstärka reliabilitet och validitet valdes en kontrollgrupp, från samma upptagningsområde, som även de haft en legitimerad lärare med motsvarande antal yrkesverksamma år och som även de uttalat arbetat med formativ bedömning och synliggjorda mål. Två skoluppgifter var identiska och därmed kunde de två gruppernas resultat jämföras. För att minimera inverkan av en bedömande lärares närvaro på utvärderingen, samlades eleverna inte till fokusgrupper förrän efter att deras betyg var satta och kommunicerade. Då reflekterade de kring arbetet med ständiga förbättringar, kvalitet, involvering, målförståelse, upplevd progression och IT-användning. Innan denna avslutande diskussion hade de insamlade datamängder analyserades separat. Resultaten visade effekt på både elevupplevelse och progression. De största skillnaderna låg i elevens upplevelse, där förändring påverkas i första hand elevernas engagemang; i vilken utsträckning eleverna var nöjda studenter med sin egen utveckling. I tidsserien, var skillnaderna inte lika markanta som i elevupplevelsen. Den studerade gruppen började på ett något lägre snittbetyg, och avslutade på ett något högre, än kontrollgruppen. Det var främst pojkar som stod för utvecklingen. Detta kan bero på att flickorna redan hade mycket höga genomsnittliga betyg (vilket innebär att det inte finns utrymme för progression). Jämfört med kontrollgruppen, kvarstår de positiva skillnaderna med pojkarna i den studerade gruppen. Slutsatserna är därför att arbetet gynnat progression, men att den största förtjänsten med arbetssättet återfinns i hur eleverna upplever undervisningen. / The purpose of the study is partly to understand how systematic quality management can be implemented at the classroom level and partly what it means to apply it from a student perspective, and to compare student progression with that of a control group. As a result of this, this study contributes with a method on how quality management can be implemented at the classroom level. This working method is named Co-Creative Learning - using IT to Visualise Progression. This is an action research study that encompassed questionnaires, focus groups and a time series. Three assignments from 65 students were assessed in the study, out of which two were compared to those from the control group. To enhance reliability and validity the selected control group were from the same catchment area, had qualified teacher with corresponding number of working years who also worked with formative assessment and visualising criteria. Two assignments were identical for both groups, and thus, the two groups' results could be compared. To minimise the effects of the presence of a teacher during evaluation, the students were not brought together to form focus groups, until after the grades were communicated. They then reflected on continuous improvement efforts, quality, inclusion, understanding objectives, perceived progression and the use of IT. Before the concluding discussion the collected data sets were analysed separately. The results showed the difference in both student experience and progression. The main differences lay in the student experience: where change primarily affected the students’ involvement; the extent to which the students were satisfied students with their own development. In the time series, the differences were not as high as in the student experience. The studied group started at a slightly lower grade, and completed at a slightly higher grade, than the control group. It was mainly the boys who accounted for the progression. One reason for could be that the girls already held high average grades (leaving little room for progression). Compared to the control group, the differences with the boys in the studied group remains. The conclusions drawn are thus that the method enhances progression, but that the main benefits are harvested from the enhanced educational experience of the students.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAILMA APARECIDA CARDOSO MARINHO.pdf: 822801 bytes, checksum: fd9cb5aaf8d85ff82c484c0ad360d2fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / This research is based on the litterature about evaluational public policies, teaching quality and external evaluation; it aimed at the identification on how the efetivation of public policirs related to external evaluation is understood by educational professionals at some schools in the microregion of Janu?ria MG, Brazil. Situated on north of Minas Gerais state, The city of Janu?ria is a pole of a Teaching Regional Superintendence that embraces 19 municipalities presenting similar characteristics in reference to socioal, economical and educational inequalities. This area shows the worst educational performances noted by external evaluations since 1992. Since 2003 new public policies have been implemented in education.In 2007/2008, external evaluation accomplished by yhe Alphabetizing Evaluational Program PROALFA revealed that the performance of students at this region of Janu?ria presented a significatively better situation,, although not in homogeneous ways for all schools ( introducing fundamental considerations and questions: why schools with similar "features" related to localization, geographical space, number of students and teachers do present different results in external evaluations? Which effects this external evaluation has brought to daily scholarship? How the professionals of these schools understand and consider the implementation of this kind of evaluation at the area of Janu?ria?This study developed on a qualitative approach; for collecting data documental reseach and interviews with 21 professionals of Education were utilized. As a result, it was verified that educative professionals put into evidence some external evaluative implications in pedagogical work such as: a tense, exigent and distressing process, as well as bringing illness to the professionals as a function of the pressure for best performance; orientation to the contemporary pedagogical practice in front of the results; resistence to the implementation of public policies related to external evaluation; this kind of evaluation may help the pedagogical intervenience, but presents some problems linked to operationalization process. As some results, it was verified that the professionals have partial and fragmentary perspectives, and cannot yet put into systematic views the complexity and limitations of external evaluations and its implications in educational practices. / A presente pesquisa fundamenta-se na literatura sobre pol?ticas p?blicas de avalia??o, qualidade de ensino e avalia??o externa e teve por objetivo identificar como a implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas relacionadas ? avalia??o externa ? compreendida por profissionais da educa??o de algumas escolas da microrregi?o de Janu?ria-MG. Localizada ao Norte de Minas Gerais, Janu?ria ? p?lo de uma Superintend?ncia Regional de Ensino que abrange 19 munic?pios com caracter?sticas semelhantes no que se refere ?s desigualdades s?cio-econ?micas e educacionais. Essa regi?o vem apresentando os piores desempenhos educacionais diagnosticados pelas avalia??es externas, desde 1992. A partir de 2003, foram implementadas novas pol?ticas p?blicas na educa??o. Em 2007/2008, a avalia??o externa realizada pelo Programa de Avalia??o da Alfabetiza??o - PROALFA - revelou que o desempenho dos alunos da regi?o de Janu?ria melhorou significativamente, embora n?o de modo regular para todas as escolas (introduzindo reflex?es fundantes: Por que escolas com caracter?sticas semelhantes com rela??o ? localiza??o, espa?o, n?mero de alunos e professores apresentam resultados diferentes nas avalia??es externas? Que efeitos esta avalia??o externa tem produzido no cotidiano escolar? Como os profissionais da educa??o destas escolas compreendem e avaliam a implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas na microrregi?o de Janu?ria?) Esta investiga??o baseou-se numa abordagem qualitativa; para coleta de dados, foram utilizadas a pesquisa com base documental e entrevistas com 21 profissionais da educa??o. Como resultado, verificou-se que os profissionais da educa??o evidenciam implica??es das avalia??es externas no trabalho pedag?gico como: processo tenso, exigente e angustiante; processo de adoecimento dos profissionais em fun??o da press?o por melhoria de desempenho; direcionamento da atual pr?tica pedag?gica em fun??o dos resultados; resist?ncias ? implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas relacionada ? avalia??o externa; ajudam na interven??o pedag?gica, por?m apresentam problemas quanto a sua operacionaliza??o. Verificou-se, ainda, que os profissionais t?m vis?es parciais, fragmentadas, n?o conseguindo sistematizar a complexidade e os limites das avalia??es externas e suas repercuss?es na pr?tica educativa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MONICA CRISTINA CHISTE.pdf: 7205537 bytes, checksum: f47c7e080657a3435ca12731f82e3d1d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-24 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The application of evaluations of the public teaching grew in Brazil starting from the last decades of the century XX, in face of the need of changes in the Education. In order to obtain resources rulers resorted to the World Bank proposed that the presentation of projects aimed at improving the quality of education. Thus arose the need to check the efficiency of the restructuring of teacher education through the application of evaluations of school performance. Initially the focus was the assessment of learning and now come the performance evaluations of teachers, courses, institutions and the educational system. Endeavoring to build a political assessment of the educational system in the State of Sao Paulo, the government established the Program for Educational Evaluation of the State Network and from 1996 there is the System Evaluation Educational Achievement of Sao Paulo - SARESP, which summarizes the evaluation of performance of students of elementary and high schools. In this context, this study aims to identify factors and educational activities carried out in two schools that received top scores in mathematics in the Report of SARESP/2007. Data collection was based on reflective interviews with the managers, directors and coordinators of two schools in the southern city of Sao Paulo, as well as observations made in these two schools and reported in research journals, in documents made available by schools and school performance reports for the SARESP/2007 provided by the state government on the Internet. This research revealed that some factors and actions that contribute to the good performance of these schools: effective group of teachers working in schools for many years and so cohesive; search for results that reflect the efforts of teachers and students, meetings with teachers and administrators to re - and discuss teaching strategies, directors and coordinators active, serving as a liaison between students and desires of the community and the school / A aplicação de avaliações no ensino público se desenvolveu no Brasil a partir das últimas décadas do século XX, em face da necessidade de mudanças na Educação. Visando obter recursos os governantes recorreram ao Banco Mundial que propôs a apresentação de projetos com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade do ensino. Surge, assim, a necessidade de verificar a eficiência pedagógica da reestruturação do ensino por meio da aplicação de avaliações de rendimento escolar. Inicialmente o foco era a avaliação de aprendizagem e hoje surgem às avaliações de desempenho do docente, de cursos, institucional e do sistema educacional. Almejando construir uma política de avaliação da rede de ensino no Estado de São Paulo, o governo instituiu o Programa de Avaliação Educacional da Rede Estadual e a partir de 1996 surge o Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar de São Paulo SARESP, que sistematiza a avaliação de desempenho dos alunos dos ensinos Fundamental e Médio. Neste contexto, este estudo tem o objetivo de identificar fatores e ações educacionais realizadas em duas escolas que receberam melhores pontuações em Matemática no Relatório do SARESP/2007. A coleta de informações baseou-se em entrevistas reflexivas junto a gestores, diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos, de duas escolas da região sul da cidade de São Paulo, bem como em observações realizadas nessas duas escolas e relatadas em diários de pesquisa, em documentos disponibilizados pelas escolas e relatórios de rendimento escolar referentes ao SARESP/2007 disponibilizados pelo governo estadual na internet. Esta pesquisa apontou alguns fatores e ações que contribuem para o bom rendimento destas escolas: grupo de professores efetivos trabalhando na escola há muitos anos e de maneira coesa; busca por resultados que traduzem os esforços dos docentes e alunos; reuniões com professores e gestores para reavaliar e discutir estratégias pedagógicas; diretores e coordenadores atuantes, servindo de ligação entre anseios dos alunos, da comunidade e os da escola

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-05T12:39:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Beatriz de Moura Belle.pdf: 2388515 bytes, checksum: a12309c7bac86d3ed09e811229518397 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T12:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Beatriz de Moura Belle.pdf: 2388515 bytes, checksum: a12309c7bac86d3ed09e811229518397 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-28 / The subject of this thesis is Beta School of Military Police of Goiás (CPMG), which slogan is Civism and Citizenship. The object of this research is Beta School, as a basic education unit that offers primary, secondary and high schools and it is run by the Military Police. This work aims to study Beta School of Military Police of Goiás and discusses the way civism and citizenship has a real expression for teachers and for the third year of high school students, considering the categories: democracy, bureaucracy, civism, citizenship and school management. There are three theoretical references used in this investigation. The first, the educational policies until these days, as well as the sorts of management models of Beta School based on the organization images of Costa’s school (1996,2009) and the constitutional principles of democratic management, based on Dewey (1959), Teixeira (1968), Bobbio (1986, 2006, 2007), Paro (2001, 2003), Ramos (1989), Gohn (1994), Pazeto; Wittmann (2001), Coutinho (2002), Barroso (2006), Sander (2007, 2009), Brzezinski (1987, 1996, 2007, 2008) and Castro (2009). The second reference consists on the reflections about the acting of private and public schools, based on the conceptions and critics of Cury (1986, 1992, 2002), Dourado (2006), Gracindo (2008) e Vieira (2008). The foundation and history of the Schools of Military Police of Goiás is the third one, which is centered on the interpretations of regulation, plans, projects and current educational polices. This is a quantity and quality research. The methodological procedures used were questionnaire with intentional samples of two third year groups of high school students from Beta School; documental and historical analyses, observation and interviews with third year teachers and two school managers. The results revealed that: a) the ambiguous identity of Beta School is linked by two State systems: the Education and Public Security Secretaries ; b) the institutional organization and school functioning; the structure, the infrastructure, the management and the community participation in its actions; the selective process, the vacancies by quotes, the entering by ruffle, the indication of managers without election, the real management differs from the ideal one; the charge of fees, the enrolment and the students´ permanence; c) the dynamics of Pedagogical Project, the full performance of the curriculum and the complement of cultural, arts, modern languages and sports contents; d) the daily experience of formative practices performed by the direction designated by the Military Command and also by the military and civil teachers. Concluding: it is a school institution seen by the students, parents and teachers as the best alternative in order to form those who seek the entrance to higher education. The formation is propaedeutic and there is no intention to integrate Professional formation. Beta School has its privileges as well as its own operational ordainments, supported by bureaucratic principals and it declares itself as a democratic school. It is catered to middle and working class people. It was verified that the excellence in teaching is not due to the institutional bond, or the selective entry exam process, or strict discipline, or the attendance to PMGO´s hierarchy. Instead, it is due to the teacher´s formation being according to the subject that they teach, as well as the formation of the pedagogical and didactic team, the support of the administrative and technical staff and the managers; the financial resources and the infrastructure are higher than the minimum standards defined by the State guidelines, and also the students are focused on their individual performance, aiming to overcome the obstacles in order to reach success. / A temática da tese é Colégio Beta da Polícia Militar de Goiás (CPMG), que tem por lema civismo e cidadania. O objeto de pesquisa é o Colégio Beta, como unidade de educação básica que ministra ensino fundamental e médio, sob a gestão do Comando da Polícia Militar. O objetivo geral da pesquisa: estudar o Colégio Beta da Polícia Militar de Goiás e discutir a forma pela qual uma escola de civismo e cidadania tem expressão real para professores e estudantes do 3º ano do ensino médio, considerando as categorias democracia, burocracia, civismo, cidadania e gestão escolar. A investigação conta com três eixos orientadores do referencial teórico. O primeiro, as políticas educacionais, da década de 1960 até os dias atuais, e os modelos de gestão do Colégio Beta fundamentados nas imagens organizacionais da escola de Costa (1996, 2009) e no princípio constitucional de gestão democrática, com base em ensinamentos de Dewey (1959), Teixeira (1968), Bobbio (1986, 2006, 2007), Paro (2001, 2003), Ramos (1989), Gohn (1994), Pazeto; Wittmann (2001), Coutinho (2002), Barroso (2006), Sander (2007, 2009), Brzezinski (1987, 1996, 2007, 2008) e Castro (2009). O segundo eixo do referencial consiste de reflexões acerca da atuação das escolas, no que se refere ao público e privado, fundamentada nas concepções e críticas de Cury (1986, 1992, 2002), Dourado (2006), Gracindo (2008) e Vieira (2008). A criação e implementação dos Colégios da Polícia Militar de Goiás (CPMGs) consistem o terceiro eixo, centrado na interpretação de regulamentos, planos, projetos e diretrizes educacionais vigentes. A metodologia de pesquisa é quantitativa e qualitativa, com os procedimentos metodológicos de aplicação de questionário em uma amostra intencional do alunado de duas turmas do 3º ano do ensino médio do Colégio Beta; análise histórica e documental, observação e realização de entrevista com professores, também, do 3º ano, e com dois gestores. Os resultados permitiram revelar: a) a identidade ambígua do Colégio Beta, com vínculo em dois sistemas estaduais: de Educação e de Segurança Pública; b) a organização e funcionamento institucional do Colégio: estrutura, infraestrutura, gestão sem participação da comunidade em suas ações, processo seletivo, vagas cotizadas, ingresso por sorteio, escolha dos gestores sem eleições, modelo de gestão declarado diverso do praticado, cobrança de contribuição financeira; matrículas e permanência do aluno; c) a dinâmica do Projeto Pedagógico, cumprimento da matriz curricular plena e complementos de conteúdos culturais, artes, línguas e desportivos; d) o cotidiano de práticas formativas realizadas pela direção designada pelo Comando Militar, por professores militares e por docentes civis. Conclusão: trata-se de instituição escolar vista por estudantes, pais e professores como a melhor alternativa para a formação dos que buscam o ingresso no ensino superior. A formação é propedêutica e não há preocupação de integrá-la à formação profissional. O Colégio Beta atua com privilégios e ordenamento operacional próprios, sustenta-se em princípios burocráticos e se declara uma escola democrática. Atende às classes médias e as menos favorecidas. Constatou-se que a excelência em qualidade de ensino por ele conquistada não se deve ao vínculo institucional, ou ao processo seletivo, ao rigor disciplinar e o atendimento à hierarquia da PMGO e, sim, devido ao corpo docente com formação compatível com as disciplinas em que atua; a quantidade e a qualidade tanto do corpo docente quanto das equipes didático-pedagógica e de apoio técnico-administrativo e de gestores; recursos financeiros e de infraestrutura acima dos padrões mínimos definidos pelas diretrizes estaduais e alunado com foco no desempenho individual, visando à superação de obstáculos para alcançar o sucesso.