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Findings of empirical studies into the importance of input in foreign language learning suggest that, to provide sufficient communicative foreign language input in the context of school language classrooms, learners must be taught through the medium of the target language. Research shows that teachers who share a mother tongue with their learners often find it difficult to avoid breaking into the mother tongue to deal with classroom management but, when they do so, they not only restrict the amount of meaningful input to which the learners are exposed, but also risk slowing down the acquisition process New data (gathered by means of two postal surveys during session 1987-88) show that non-native secondary school teachers of French in the Strathclyde Region of Scotland identify a hierarchy of difficulty among classroom management tasks ranging from tasks which are moderately simple to conduct in the foreign language (such as classroom organisation) to tasks which are extremely difficult to perform in the target language (such as discussing grammar). Further analysis of the survey data reveals that teachers who have a positive attitude towards the use of the target language as the medium of instruction have certain defining characteristics, the most important of which relate to enthusiasm for the foreign language. In an attempt to find a way of helping teachers to teach through the medium of the target language, this thesis investigates claims made by practising teachers that teaching co-operatively with a second fluent target language speaker helps them maintain the use of French as the medium of instruction. Using survey and observational data, the thesis concludes that co-operative teaching can both increase the quantity, and improve the quality of foreign language input to which learners are exposed. Furthermore, co-operative teaching is a valuable tool in the organisation and implementation of communicative language teaching methodology. The thesis is in two parts Part one provides the theoretical basis of the thesis, and describes the research context and design. Part two analyses the findings of the mail administered surveys and of the small-scale observation study, and draws conclusions based on these findings NOTE: In this thesis, while it is recognised that learners and teachers are just as likely to be female as male, for ease of expression they are treated as "impersonal masculine" throughout.

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Orientador: Silvana Mabel Serrani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T18:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SouzaJunior_JorgeRodriguesde_M.pdf: 4775680 bytes, checksum: 6d3de92128242538ff61cb3c36ec97a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Em nossa dissertação examinamos a apresentação de textos literários (tipos, quantidade e modos de exposição), em livros didáticos de Língua Espanhola para brasileiros (utilizados - e/ou indicados oficialmente para uso - no Ensino Médio), em função de um enfoque discursivo da linguagem (PECHEUX, 1990; ORLANDI, 1988 & 2008a; 2008b). Esse exame está pautado nos critérios curriculares multidimensional-discursivos e na perspectiva que sustenta a não dicotomia língua-literatura nas práticas de ensino de línguas (STERN, 1993; SERRANI, 2005, entre outros). Enfocando especialmente a presença do gênero teatral na análise, constatamos que o mesmo está ausente no corpus que analisamos e discutimos a pertinência de elementos específicos desse gênero como base para práticas verbais no ensino de língua estrangeira, em geral, e em espanhol para brasileiros, em particular. Assim, discutimos tópicos para a complementação de materiais didáticos de língua espanhola, conforme critérios multidimensional-discursivos, ilustrando especialmente com obras de teatro argentino. Constatamos em nossa investigação que, para a realização de uma prática de ensino conforme o currículo multidimensional-discursivo, tal incorporação do gênero teatral propicia mobilizações específicas do sujeito-aprendiz que possibilitam abordagens não estereotipadas ou descontextualizadas de conteúdos culturais no ensino de língua espanhola. Nas conclusões, apontamos conseqüências do estudo para cursos de capacitação continuada de professores de espanhol como língua estrangeira / Abstract: In this dissertation we examine the presentation of literary texts (types, amount and ways of exposition) in course books for the teaching of Spanish to brazilian students. We focus on books which are used or officially indicated to be used by Brazilian Senior High Schools. Our study is based on a discursive perspective of language (PECHEUX, 1990; ORLANDI, 1988 & 2008a; 2008b). The analysis is outlined by multidimensional-discursive curriculum criteria and by the perspective that defends non-dichotomy between language and literature in language teaching practices (STERN, 1993, SERRANI, 2005). Our analysis focussed especially on the presence of the theatrical genre in the course books, and we found out that this genre is not present in the corpus we analysed. We discuss the relevance of specific elements of theater as the basis for the development of verbal practices to the teaching of foreign languages in general, and Spanish to brazilians, more specifically. Thus, we discuss topics to the complementation of Spanish teaching materials, through multidimentional-discursive criteria, and we illustrate the proposal especially with dramatic works from Argentine theater. We found out that in order to achieve teaching practices in accordance with a multidimensional-discursive curriculum, the incorporation of the theatrical genre triggers especific mobilizations of the learning-subject. This enables non-stereotyped or decontextualized approaches to the teaching of Spanish. In our conclusions, we point out consequences of this study to in-service training courses for teachers of Spanish as a foreign language / Mestrado / Lingua Estrangeira / Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

The concept of plurilingual competence that enables the members of different cultures to perform in multilingual and multicultural environment is on the top of political agenda nowadays, as acquisition of two or more languages has become a necessity in the knowledge society. Therefore, the lack of works on the subject in Lithuania is a relevant reason to carry out a research on the language education through the prism of ‘mediation’ and ‘code switching’ as activities becoming widely acknowledged and practiced among language teachers. The study aims to survey the functions of mediation and code switching in teaching foreign languages. The objectives of the thesis are: • to overview the material on plurilingualism as giving reasons for the rise of wide discussions about reorganization of language education system, the changing attitude towards teaching languages, namely, a newly emerging approach of translation and later apply it to the empirical research;. • to investigate the approach of teachers and students towards the use of native language in the classroom; • to identify the patterns within switching of the first and the second languages and define the role they serve for the language acquisition. Research methods are literature analysis, quantitative and qualitative research (two types of questionnaire forms and analysis of recorded excerpts of lessons). The results indicate that the educators support the approach promoting better awareness of the native language... [to full text] / Daugiakalbės visuomenės formavimo politika, pradėta Europos Sąjungos institucijų, susilaukė didžiulio šalių narių susidomėjimo. ES iškėlė kalbinės kompetencijos lavinimą vienu pagrindinių savo tikslų. Pabrėžiama, jog kelias kalbas mokantys asmenys turi daugiau galimybių integruotis europinėje visuomenėje, taip pat minima profesionalių vertėjų paklausa ES institucijose. Šios politikos įgyvendinimo esminių centru tapo valstybių švietimo sistemos tobulinimas siekiant įdiegti naują požiūrį į kalbų mokymą. Tai paskatina šalis nares imtis veiksmų švietimo sistemos srityje. Rašomi straipsniai apie mokymo metodus akcentuojančius gimtosios kalbos svarbą užsienio kalbų pamokose, konkrečiai pabrėžiama kodų kaitos ir mediacijos (vertimo raštu, žodžiu) įtaka užsienio kalbos išmokimui. Atsižvelgiant į tai, jog Lietuvoje šios srities tyrimų stokojama, tampa įdomu bent jau dalinai pasigilinti į situaciją šalyje. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti, kokią funkciją atlieka gimtoji kalba užsienio kalbų pamokose ir kaip tai įtakoją kalbos išmokimą. Tyrimų objektas – gimtosios kalbos panaudojimas užsienio kalbos mokymo ir mokymosi procese. Tyrimo subjektais pasirinkti mokytojai bei mokiniai, kurie turėjo išreikšti požiūrį į daugiakalbės visuomenės formavimą ir gimtosios kalbos (mediacijos) naudojimą pamokose. Taip pat analizuojami dviejų užsienio kalbų pamokų įrašai, kuriose ieškoma konkrečių kodų kaitos pavyzdžių ir siekiama išsiaiškinti, kokios gimtosios kalbos situacijos kartojasi dažniausiai, kokios... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Depuis au moins 17 ans la matière scolaire la langue française baisse en popularité au lycée suédois. Pendant la même période, des sondages internationaux comme l’enquête PISA ont montré que l’école suédoise n’accomplit pas de bons résultats. C’est la politique scolaire qui par ses directives forme le développement de l’enseignement, et, par conséquent, les connaissances chez les étudiants. Les directives très importantes pour les professeurs sont les plans d’études (en suédois ämnesplaner), et ceux-ci devraient être des soutiens pour les professeurs dans leur enseignement. Ceci dit, comment se porte le français, une des langues vivantes? Dans cette étude, nous cherchons à trouver comment le plan d’études pour les langues vivantes a influencé l’enseignement du français au lycée. La méthode utilisée est qualitative et phénoménologique. Nous avons étudié un nombre de documents sur le sujet pour obtenir une image factuelle.  Pour compléter l’étude nous avons également interviewé trois professeurs avec une grande expérience de l’enseignement. L’objectif était d’obtenir leurs points de vue sur l’importance qu’ils donnent aux plans directifs. Les résultats ont montré que le plan d’études actuel donne aux  professeurs une grande liberté sur comment former leurs enseignements. Comme conséquence, cette possibilité est favorable aux enseignants expérimentés mais elle donne moins de soutiens aux enseignants novices.  Nous pouvons aussi constater que ce manque de cursus consultatif peut apporter un enseignement moins efficace, surtout quand le système scolaire suédois manque de professeurs diplômés. En outre, après avoir étudié  des rapports sur la situation des langues vivantes, nous avons remarqué qu’il semble y avoir un manque de volonté politique de fortifier ces langues.

This study explored the learning experience of Arabic language learners at the college level, focusing on their perception of effective and ineffective Arabic language teachers as well as the influence of their experiences on their motivation. The study also attempted to shed some light on the nature of the teacher-student interaction within the current sociopolitical context. The 29 students who agreed to participate in this study were all Arabic language learners enrolled in the second year or higher of Arabic at a major university in the United States. Data were collected from multiple sources including an open-ended survey and semi-structured interviews that were conducted on a one-on-one basis with the participants. Data were analyzed using coding procedures suggested by Strauss and Corbin (1998) from a grounded theory qualitative approach. Results indicated that participants perceived their effective Arabic language teachers as adaptable teachers. These adaptable teachers influence learners' learning outcomes by balancing their high expectations of their students with an awareness of language learning needs. Moreover, participants' perceptions of their best Arabic learning experiences were always associated with adaptable teachers, whose positive interaction style radiated throughout in their teaching. The data indicated that participants were intrinsically motivated in four different ways: (1) intrinsic motivation for the linguistic aspects of Arabic, (2) intrinsic motivation for knowledge, (3) intrinsic motivation for optimal experience, and (4) intrinsic motivation for accomplishment. Moreover, motivation constructs such as expectancy-value, self-efficacy, and flow were related to the students' experiences. According to many students, the more years they spent in learning Arabic, the more they had become obsessed with it. Most participants in this study credited both native and non-native speakers as effective language teachers.. Participants credited their native teachers for their linguistic knowledge and their in-depth understanding of the Arabic culture and described them as resourceful. At the same time, they credited non-native teachers for their pedagogical knowledge, organizational skills, and knowledge of learners' characteristics, and described them as role models. Suggestions for future research and implications for research and practice are discussed. / Not available / text

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of specific learning disability. In the theoretical part I define the term specific learning disability and I mention the related terms. I deal with the history, types and causes of specific learning disability, further I describe the possibilities of diagnostics and re-education concerning specific learning disability. I also attend to the situation of a pupil in the family and school background. The main attention is especially paid to teaching foreign languages to pupils with specific learning disability. The practical part is based on a questionnaire which was filled in by teachers of basic and high schools. The goal is to find out what kind of experience the teachers have with pupils with specific learning disability and what their approach to them is. The questionnaire survey is worked up and analysed in the practical part.

This diploma thesis deals with the integration of etymology as one of the possible motivational component in language learning at the second stage of primary schools with regard to German as a foreign language after English. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with etymology as one of the linguistic disciplines, genealogical relation of English and German language and the issue of motivation in learning a foreign language. The practical part concentrates on creation of the author´s own didactical materials and the application of the discovered relations within these two languages. The aim of these materials is to motivate the pupils at the primary schools to multilingualism.

The presented Master's thesis entitled "Pronounciation mistakes of Czech students learning Portuguese" tries to depict the most common mistakes in the pronounciation of Portuguese sounds by Czech students. The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part, based on a careful research of specialized materials, deals with phonetics, the phonological aspect of a language, phonology, the description of speech forming processes, sound systems of Portuguese, rules for correct pronounciation of respective sounds and also interference - the influences of a person's mother tongue while learning Portuguese. The theoretical part served as a basis for the practical part. In the practical part an analysis was carried out, using a number of audio recordings taken from first-year to fifth-year students of Portuguese Studies at Charles University, Faculty of Arts. The aim of this analysis was to detect typical mistakes made by Czech Students in the pronounciation of Portuguese sounds. The observed pronounciation phenomena are recorded in tables, each phenomena separately. In conclusion, the thesis provides an evaluation of the analysis.