2002年教育部頒布「創造力教育白皮書」之後，創意教學儼然成為當代顯學。 創意本身的背後隱含創造力的發展，創意教師不僅要發揮他的創造力行為，同時也需要將創意理念在教學情境中傳達給學生具備有創意能力。然而，在一片創意教學的風潮中，國人對於創意教學的模糊認知和長久以來對於現行教育體制的刻板觀念，使得創意教學在執行過程中遇到了某種程度上的問題。但是，在諸多外在環境限制中仍有老師願意突破傳統思維，勇於嘗試、改變自己的教學模式，其實是更值得我們去探討和研究。 本研究旨在瞭解在目前教育環境中，創意教師所擁有的個人特質、其在教學過程中所面臨的困境及教學上所使用之教學策略，再綜合研究、探討結果，提出具體建議供為從事教育工作者參考，俾使提升教學效能。 本研究採質性研究方法為主，研究對象為台北縣國中現職教師，且在三年內曾獲「GreaTeach 創意教學獎」、「教師創意教學方案」、「POWER敎師獎」之創意教師，其教學領域以學習差異性較大的四個學習領域：國文、英語、數學及自然與生活科技各選取一位教師進行深入訪談研究。 本研究所獲之結論歸納如下： 一、在教師人格特質方面包括有：「生命中影響至深的貴人」的生命歷程關鍵、「力求自我實現」的積極動機、「深受環境影響的生命特質」的發展歷程。 二、在創意教學過程中所面臨的問題包括有：「升學制度」、「常態編班」、「時 間問題」、「觀念問題」及相關教育制度問題等。 三、在創意教學過程中所採用的教學策略及發展歷程包括有：「結合學生自身的 經驗」、「異質分組教學」、「親自操作，主動參與」、「提供創作的園地」、「自我充實，讓創意源源不斷」、「精心設計評量工具以增進學生學習動機」、「不同作業，讓每一位學生都有成功的機會」、「學習檔案，記錄學習軌跡」、「腦力激盪」、「與學生對話」。 最後，本研究根據研究結論，分別就教師個人、學校行政、主管教育機關及未來進一步研究提出具體建議。 關鍵字：創意教學、創意教師、教學困境、教學策略 / Since the Ministry of Education promulgated “The creativity education white paper” in 2002, the creative teaching (CT) has been becoming the current trend. Creativity itself involves its own development. A creative teacher not only has to display his creative behavior, but simultaneously also needs to transmit the creative ideas in the teaching situation to the students. However, in the trend of CT, people still get a fuzzy idea about CT and still hold a stereotyped attitude toward the educational system. This causes the teachers to meet some problems while doing CT. Fortunately, despite the environment limits, there are some teachers who are still willing to break through the conventional thought and change their teaching approaches. That's what's worth our exploration. This study aims to explore the personal qualities the creative teachers have and the teaching strategies they adopt. With the result and discussion, we come up with some suggestions for educators to promote their teaching efficiency. This study adopted a qualitative approach. We interviewed four teachers. They currently teach in junior high schools in Taipei County. In the past three years, they once won “The Grea Teach Creative Teaching prize”, “Teachers whit Creative teaching plan”, the “Power Teacher Rewards.” They respectively stand for four learning domains: Chinese, English, Mathematics, Science and Technology. Our findings are as follows. First, there are some vital personal qualities the four creative teachers have: For example, they have a key life process of meeting someone with the deepest influence on him/her, an active motivation of self-realization, and a developing process -- a life quality－ being deeply affected by the environment. Second, the problems that teachers will meet while doing CT are “selective education system,”“normal class grouping,”“time distribution,”“concepts and ideas,”and those related to “the educational system.” Third, in CT, the strategies and processes of development include “combining the students' experiences,”“heterogeneously grouping teaching,”“operating in person and participating actively,”“offering a corner for creation,”“self-enrichment and endless inspiration,”“evaluation instruments designed elaborately to enhance students' learning motivation,”“individualized assignments－letting each student get opportunities for success,”“learning files－recording the processes of learning,”“brainstorming,”and“the conversations with students.” Finally, the study, based on the conclusion, comes up with some suggestions for the teachers, for the school administration, for the educational authorities, and for the future study. Key words: creative teacher, creative teaching , teaching difficult position, teaching strategy

La práctica musical del sikuri, tradición que se transmite desde tiempos prehispánicos alrededor del altiplano del sur del Perú, presenta importantes características como son la ejecución en diálogo musical, el pensamiento complementario y recíproco, el sentido de colectividad e interdependencia, la conexión con la naturaleza, la ritualización de la música, entre otras que pueden servir efectivamente de estrategias para la promoción del desempeño organizacional en empresas peruanas al plantear una relación equilátera entre esta manifestación del mundo ancestral y las prácticas sociales corporativas como el trabajo en equipo, la comunicación interna, la autoconfianza, la eliminación de la distancia social, entre otras. / The musical practice of sikuri, a tradition transmitted since pre-hispanic times across the highlands of southern Peru, has important characteristics such as musical dialogue performance, complementary and reciprocal thinking, a sense of collectivity and interdependence, connection with nature, ritualization of the music, among others. This can effectively serve as strategies for the promotion of organizational performance in Peruvian companies by proposing an equitable relationship between this manifestation of the ancestral world and corporate social practice such as teamwork, internal communication, self-security, corporate integration and more.

Esta tesis doctoral aporta conocimiento a la docencia en línea y los procesos de colaboración en red. Da continuidad a investigaciones precedentes sobre la colaboración en red en el contexto del aprendizaje y el trabajo colaborativo en entornos virtuales, centrando el análisis desde la perspectiva del docente que trabaja en colaboración a través de la red mientras desarrolla su actividad docente en línea. Desde la literatura la colaboración en red es abordada como una característica clave del aprendizaje a distancia y en línea en los distintos ámbitos académicos y como una competencia interpersonal demanda por la sociedad actual del conocimiento. Sin embargo, a pesar del aparente consenso que en el ámbito educativo suscita el hecho de colaborar y de que constituye una característica relevante para el docente, las prácticas que designa este término son muy diversas en función de quienes colaboran, cómo lo hacen y qué finalidades y valores dirigen su actuación. Su finalidad última es la mejora de la docencia en línea y más concretamente la mejora de los procesos de la colaboración entre docentes que tienen lugar en un entorno virtual que posibilitará que no sólo pueda ser de utilidad para equipos docentes de la propia universidad sino también ser transferible a otras realidades educativas universitarias y no universitarias. El estudio analiza como se comunican e interactúan en un espacio colaborativo virtual y como desarrollan actividad colaborativa un equipo de docentes a partir de un estudio de caso en profundidad en el marco de una institución de educación superior y en concreto en un área transversal que cuenta con un equipo interdisciplinar de consultores con experiencia en dinámicas de colaboración virtual y en acciones formativas que facilitan el uso y la aplicación de las TIC. Se aborda la colaboración en red del equipo de docentes analizando como se comunican e interactúan en un espacio colaborativo virtual y como desarrollan la actividad colaborativa como equipo. Los resultados de la investigación nos evidencian las posibilidades de las TIC en los entornos virtuales para el aprendizaje grupal, transformando la manera de impartir la docencia en la universidad y la manera como los docentes pueden colaborar. Las aportaciones a la investigación, desde la docencia en línea, se concretan en propuestas sobre el rol del docente en línea, sobre las competencias digitales del docente en línea y sobre la formación inicial del docente en línea. Por su parte, las aportaciones a la investigación, desde la colaboración en red entre docentes, se concretan en la mejora de la docencia, la actualización y desarrollo profesional / This thesis contributes knowledge to teaching online and networked collaboration processes. Gives continuity to previous research on network cooperation in the context of learning and collaborative work in virtual environments, focusing the analysis from the perspective of teachers working collaboratively through the network while developing their online teaching. From literature network collaboration is addressed as a key feature of distance learning and online at various academic and interpersonal competence as a demand for the knowledge society. However, despite the apparent consensus in education raises collaboration and the fact that it is a relevant feature for teaching practices that designates this term are very different depending on who collaborate, how they do it and what purposes and values guide their actions. Its ultimate goal is to improve online teaching and specifically improving collaboration processes between teachers that take place in a virtual environment that will enable not only be useful for teaching staff of the university but also be transferable to other realities university and non-university education. The study explores how they communicate and interact in a virtual collaborative space and develop collaborative activity as a team teachers from a case study in depth in the context of an institution of higher education and particularly in an area that has transverse an interdisciplinary team of consultants with experience in dynamic virtual collaboration and training activities that facilitate the use and application of ICT. It focuses on the collaborative on the net analysing how teachers communicate and interact in a virtual collaborative space and how develop collaboratively as a team activity. The research results show us the possibilities of ICT in virtual environments for group learning, transforming the way we teach in university teaching and how teachers can collaborate. Contributions to research from online teaching, take the form of proposals on the role of teachers online, on digital competences of online teaching and initial teacher training online. Meanwhile, contributions to research, from network collaboration between teachers, are specified in improving teaching, updating and professional development.

The first purpose was to develop a diagnostic test to investigate new anchoring and bridging analogies. Second one was to compare the effects of bridging analogies based instruction (BABI) versus traditional teaching method (TTM) on sophomore students&rsquo / misconceptions in Newton&rsquo / s Third Law (NTL). An Anchoring Analogy Diagnostic Test (AADT), Newton&rsquo / s Third Law Misconception Test (NTLMT), and Attitude Scale toward Newton&rsquo / s Third Law (ASNTL) were used as measuring tools. Unlike single analogies in each step as used in literature, the researcher introduced the group concept and developed the new style of concept diagrams after the first part. The second part was conducted with 308 students in the same department of the same public universities of previous year sample in 2006-2007. In the study, the instructors administered the NTLMT and ASNTL as a pretest. One instructor had randomly assigned one control and one experimental group, while the other instructor (researcher) had randomly assigned two groups. Experimental groups were instructed by the BABI while control groups were instructed by the TTM. After three-week treatment period, the same tests were given as posttests to both groups. The first part analyzed by using both Excel and SPSS indicated that the AADT was effective in diagnosing anchoring analogies, bridging analogies, and target cases. It was also easy to develop the new style of concept diagrams. The second part were analyzed by using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). According to the results, the BABI significantly remediate students&rsquo / misconceptions in the NTL with respect to the TTM. However, the BABI showed no significant effect on students&rsquo / attitudes toward the NTL with respect to the TTM.

This study investigated the implications that the scheduling of a block module for a computer competency course over two weeks, has had on the curriculum. The block module was presented at the start of the first semester, 2001 at the Vaal Triangle Technikon. The objectives were to: develop a flexible, outcomes-based curriculum in which the learners had to demonstrate capability and employability by integrating computer competencies in other modules; design and implement an effective learning and teaching strategy in order to ensure that learners will achieve the learning outcomes within two weeks; and to . implement continuous, integrative assessment methods in order to foster the learning of hands-on skills that can be integrated in the learners' academic programmes. The researcher followed an action research approach, in order to assess the improvement of current educational practices. A target group of first-year learners was divided into a block module-group and a semester-group. The researcher made use of data triangulation, by collecting qualitative and quantitative data comprising structured interviews and open-ended and structured questionnaires completed at different stages of the project. This research report comprises three articles. The first article reports on the high success rate of the block module-group and reveal that these learners could retain. and utilise the computer competencies that they had to utilise for completing assignments, to a larger degree than the semester-group. The second article reports that experiential learning, as an outcomes-based strategy, fosters learning in accelerated learning contexts. The third article concludes that the continuous integrative approach to assessment fosters w-operation, feedback through self-assessment and the ability of learners to apply computer competencies in new situations. It is recommended that lecturers in all the associated departments should collaboratively assign and assess tasks in progressive advanced modules. It concludes that, in order to utilise resources optimally when scheduling block modules, ail associated departments would have to be fully modularised. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003.

In this study, the integration of technology in education and the application of action learning as a teaching strategy, are investigated through a literature study and with empirical research. The purpose is to develop a teaching model wherein technology can be effectively incorporated for the offering of the subject Information Systems (IS). The study also focuses on the nature and scope of the subject Information Systems, as well as the status concerning the subject Information Systems at Technikons in South Africa. Knowledge regarding technology quickly becomes obsolete and therefore IS-learners should have the means and skills to keep abreast of advances in technology. IS-learners not only need subject oriented knowledge, but also personal skills that are known as critical cross field outcomes in the new educational paradigm. The establishment of the National Qualification framework, led to an academic initiative that is based on transparent national standards and clear descriptions of learning outcomes. For higher education institutions in South Africa the implication was that all curricula of subjects, including Information Systems, had to be rewritten in terms of outcomes. Specialisation is essential for the Information System qualification, as it became apparent that information system applications and demands from industry are becoming specialised. In 1999 the IS-qualification was adjusted to provide for specialisation areas at Technikons in South Africa. Action learning integrates the theories and characteristics of several disciplines, amongst others, education, psychology, systems thinking, political science, ethics, anthropology and sociology. During the process of action learning, knowledge must be constructed by asking questions, processing information and applying the newly acquired knowledge. Links must be established between new knowledge and pre-knowledge. Action learning attempts to integrate the elements of knowledge, insight and practice, and states that there can be no learning without action and that no purposeful action can take place without learning, while the solving of a problem influences both the problem and the person that acts on the problem. Action learning satisfies all the requirements needed to address the knowledge, values, skills and behaviour that IS-learners should adhere to. Action learning stimulates the development of cognitive skills that are essential for the training ofiS-learners. The different types of information systems that are found in organisations are not isolated systems, but rather integrated systems that collaborate in order to support a business function. IS-learners should not only understand the development, but also the integration and implementation of these systems. From this it becomes apparent that action learning is a suitable teaching strategy for IS-learners. The classification of educational technology as well as a framework for the implementation thereof, is discussed in the study. According to the literature study and from results obtained from the empirical research, a teaching model is proposed that consists of the following three components: • Determinants that influence the teaching and learning scenario. These determinants include the National Qualification framework industry; technology infrastructure; institutional policy and outcomes based education. • The didactic triangle, in which the distinct roles of the learners (that can act as facilitators during action learning) and educators are discussed, as well as the outcomes for the subject Information Systems. • Action learning and the utilisation of technology as the teaching strategy within the proposed model. The proposed action learning and technology teaching model promotes a learner-centred approach and focuses on learning outcomes, rather than learning contents. The proposed model empowers learners as well as educators and makes provision for the use of technology within the financial constraints of institutions. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

In this study, the integration of technology in education and the application of action learning as a teaching strategy, are investigated through a literature study and with empirical research. The purpose is to develop a teaching model wherein technology can be effectively incorporated for the offering of the subject Information Systems (IS). The study also focuses on the nature and scope of the subject Information Systems, as well as the status concerning the subject Information Systems at Technikons in South Africa. Knowledge regarding technology quickly becomes obsolete and therefore IS-learners should have the means and skills to keep abreast of advances in technology. IS-learners not only need subject oriented knowledge, but also personal skills that are known as critical cross field outcomes in the new educational paradigm. The establishment of the National Qualification framework, led to an academic initiative that is based on transparent national standards and clear descriptions of learning outcomes. For higher education institutions in South Africa the implication was that all curricula of subjects, including Information Systems, had to be rewritten in terms of outcomes. Specialisation is essential for the Information System qualification, as it became apparent that information system applications and demands from industry are becoming specialised. In 1999 the IS-qualification was adjusted to provide for specialisation areas at Technikons in South Africa. Action learning integrates the theories and characteristics of several disciplines, amongst others, education, psychology, systems thinking, political science, ethics, anthropology and sociology. During the process of action learning, knowledge must be constructed by asking questions, processing information and applying the newly acquired knowledge. Links must be established between new knowledge and pre-knowledge. Action learning attempts to integrate the elements of knowledge, insight and practice, and states that there can be no learning without action and that no purposeful action can take place without learning, while the solving of a problem influences both the problem and the person that acts on the problem. Action learning satisfies all the requirements needed to address the knowledge, values, skills and behaviour that IS-learners should adhere to. Action learning stimulates the development of cognitive skills that are essential for the training ofiS-learners. The different types of information systems that are found in organisations are not isolated systems, but rather integrated systems that collaborate in order to support a business function. IS-learners should not only understand the development, but also the integration and implementation of these systems. From this it becomes apparent that action learning is a suitable teaching strategy for IS-learners. The classification of educational technology as well as a framework for the implementation thereof, is discussed in the study. According to the literature study and from results obtained from the empirical research, a teaching model is proposed that consists of the following three components: • Determinants that influence the teaching and learning scenario. These determinants include the National Qualification framework industry; technology infrastructure; institutional policy and outcomes based education. • The didactic triangle, in which the distinct roles of the learners (that can act as facilitators during action learning) and educators are discussed, as well as the outcomes for the subject Information Systems. • Action learning and the utilisation of technology as the teaching strategy within the proposed model. The proposed action learning and technology teaching model promotes a learner-centred approach and focuses on learning outcomes, rather than learning contents. The proposed model empowers learners as well as educators and makes provision for the use of technology within the financial constraints of institutions. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003

This study investigated the implications that the scheduling of a block module for a computer competency course over two weeks, has had on the curriculum. The block module was presented at the start of the first semester, 2001 at the Vaal Triangle Technikon. The objectives were to: develop a flexible, outcomes-based curriculum in which the learners had to demonstrate capability and employability by integrating computer competencies in other modules; design and implement an effective learning and teaching strategy in order to ensure that learners will achieve the learning outcomes within two weeks; and to . implement continuous, integrative assessment methods in order to foster the learning of hands-on skills that can be integrated in the learners' academic programmes. The researcher followed an action research approach, in order to assess the improvement of current educational practices. A target group of first-year learners was divided into a block module-group and a semester-group. The researcher made use of data triangulation, by collecting qualitative and quantitative data comprising structured interviews and open-ended and structured questionnaires completed at different stages of the project. This research report comprises three articles. The first article reports on the high success rate of the block module-group and reveal that these learners could retain. and utilise the computer competencies that they had to utilise for completing assignments, to a larger degree than the semester-group. The second article reports that experiential learning, as an outcomes-based strategy, fosters learning in accelerated learning contexts. The third article concludes that the continuous integrative approach to assessment fosters w-operation, feedback through self-assessment and the ability of learners to apply computer competencies in new situations. It is recommended that lecturers in all the associated departments should collaboratively assign and assess tasks in progressive advanced modules. It concludes that, in order to utilise resources optimally when scheduling block modules, ail associated departments would have to be fully modularised. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003.

In a globally interdependent world, teachers are charged with preparing learners for a complex, interactive world. This educational challenge requires teachers to develop learners with critical, creative and conceptual minds, while still teaching the required content. Therefore developing the individual learner's ability to construct personalised meaning for new concepts is a prerequisite for the classroom. So is the development of the learner's ability to solve increasingly complex problems in the learning area as well as in daily life. This revivefies the question of how to plan, structure and assess in order to accommodate these requirements while enhancing learner abilities and achiement. / Teacher Education / D.Ed. (Didactics)

Fragmentation refers to the difficulties that students face when attempting to utilise substantive knowledge to make a useable big picture of the past. What possibilities are there to prevent fragmentation, within the framework of regular history teaching in school? In this thesis I tackle this question with interest in teaching methods proposed by history teachers. The research project is designed with the intention to provide the participating teachers with “reasonably good conditions” to be able to form an opinion about the problem of fragmentation. In the research project the participating teachers take part of litterature from the research field of history teaching, and processing the problem of fragmentation through discussion in focus groups and through planning of a history course. In this study I investigate how eight history teachers, given “reasonably good conditions”, imagine feasible teaching in order to prevent fragmentation within the frames of a History 1a1 course. Three research objects are being investigated. What are the teachers´ views regarding: 1) efficient teaching to prevent fragmentation? 2) the framework of teaching? 3) a History course that is including an action plan in order to prevent fragmentation? The study shows that the teachers experience limited possibilities to conduct efficient teaching to prevent fragmentation within the frames of a History 1a1-course. The teachers still, regardless of these limitations, find it possible to conduct strategically focused teaching to prevent fragmentation. The teaching strategies presented by the teachers can be more or less significant and the teachers are not necessarily prepared to allot time and resources to these strategies. Feasible teaching in order to prevent fragmentation is not necessarily associated with strategically aimed teaching. / Elevers svar på vad som har hänt i det förflutna består många gånger av lösryckt historisk stoffkunskap i form av årtal, anekdoter, händelser och historiska personer. Få elever kan använda historiska kunskaper för att konstruera stora och användbara bilder av det förflutna. I denna explorativa designstudie undersöks historielärares föreställningar om hur fragmentering kan motverkas i historieundervisningen.   Studien baseras på empiriskt material från "workshops" med åtta historielärare på gymnasiet. Lärarnas huvuduppgift bestod i att planera och presentera en planering av en Historia 1a1-kurs som innefattar en handlingsplan för att motverka fragmentering. Analysen visar bland annat att de medverkande lärarna upplever möjlighetsrummet att bedriva effektiv undervisning mot fragmentering inom ramarna för Historia 1a1-kursen som begränsat, dock inte obefintligt. Inom detta begränsade möjlighetsrum ser lärarna bland annat vissa möjligheter att bedriva strategiskt inriktad undervisning mot fragmentering.