I en allt mer globaliserad värld med en ökad internationell närvaro på den europeiska marknaden har utlandsetableringar blivit allt vanligare och viktigare för europeiska företag. I det här arbetet undersöker vi hur bankers strategier förändras och anpassas för att möta de utmaningar som de stöter på vid utlandsetableringar, genom att studera SEB och deras köp av den tyska banken BfG 1999. Vi har undersökt hur de utmaningar banken mötte på den tyska privat- och företagsmarknaden påverkade strategin. För att lyckas med detta studerade vi årsredovisningar och intervjuade nyckelpersoner inom banken. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att de största utmaningarna var den tyska fragmenterade marknaden där banken mötte icke-vinstdrivande konkurrenter, en hos kunderna främmande mentalitet gällande banktjänster och ett annorlunda banksystem. Från detta kan vi dra slutsatsen att strategier lätt kan förändras efter de utmaningar verksamheten utsätts för. / In an increasingly globalized world and with an accelerating integration process in the European internal market, internationalization is becoming a key interest of European corporations. In this work, we consider the development and adjustment of strategies for banking internationalization using the example of the Swedish bank SEB upon its acquisition of the German bank BfG in 1999. We investigate the challenges SEB had to face on the German retail and merchant banking market and how these challenges affected its strategy. In this qualitative study we conducted interviews with key actors and studied multiple annual reports. By these means we discovered that amongst the key challenges were a fragmented market with nonprofit competitors, culturally different customers, and a foreign banking tradition in the retail market. All of these factors led to adaptations of the strategy, which turned out to be easily modified.

Intensification of agriculture and forestry during the last century has led to loss of grasslands and meadows, both important habitats for butterflies. Several studies show that different biotopes in the swedish forest also can be suitable habitats for butterflies, and that is what I am focusing on in my study. This study was conducted in the area of Bergslagen, Sweden. The area is dominated by production forests, mainly consisting of pine and spruce, along with clear cuts, peatland, lakes and agricultural areas. The aim of the study was to investigate if and in which way species, species diversity and number of individuals of butterflies are affected by fragmentation in the surrounding landscape. I was focusing on habitat area and number of patches. Landscape composition in an area of 1500 m in radius around each of the 12 transects were studied. Nine species in total was found. Gonepteryx rhamni increased in number of individuals with increasing area of peatland and higher number of peatland patches, they also increased in individuals with higher number of water patches. Pieris napi decreased in individuals with increasing area of water. Plebejus idas and Plebejus argus decreased in number of individuals with higher number of forest patches, clear cut patches and patches of open land, they also decreased in individuals with increasing number of patches in total. Species diversity also decreased with increasing number of forest patches. Responses to fragmentation seem to be very species specific, some species responded positively to habitat area and number of patches while some responded negatively and some did not respond at all. My results show that some butterfly species in Bergslagen are affected by fragmentation and it is important to take on a landscape approach in conservation of butterflies.

This Bachelor thesis is a qualitative study of the public debate regarding the role of Public service in the media converged society today. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the public debate, that is the Swedish Public service television and people with broad representative knowledge about Public service, motivates a change of the function of the Swedish Public service television. Our issues are: What does the public debate say about the function of Swedish Public  service television in our society today and how is a change motivated in this debate? How does the public debate look upon today´s media convergence and the fragmentation of the audience which, according to Denis McQuail, is a consequence of this? The method of this thesis is a qualitative analysis and we have analyzed ten opinion articles and Swedish Public service television magazine “DittSvt”. The theoretical background was obtained from Henry Jenkins and Håkan Hvitfelts theories and thoughts about mediaconvergence. We have supplemented this with Denis McQuails theory regarding the fragmentation of the audience. In this thesis, we see that the public debate is a lot about diversity in Swedish Public service television programming and that the democratic base is still very important. We also see that the audience are not just viewers, as in the beginning of television broadcasting, but have become users of media. The analysis shows that public service is important for our society today and that it is something that should be retained but should be developed and shaped based on our media converged society.

Arbetet är en litteraturstudie och är ett försök att ta reda på två underarter av tigers (Panthera tigris) populationsförändring och anledningen till detta på en tidsskala från 1970 till 2010. De valda underarterna för uppsatsen är sumatratigern och amurtigern. I samband med undersökningen av de två underarternas populationsförändring har fokus lagts på Sumatra och Amurområdet för att kunna få en överblick över de områden där tigrarna återfinns och med den överblicken lättare öppna för att diskutera hållbara bevarandemöjligheter i framtiden. Uppsatsen har i huvudsak diskuterats med stöd av tidigare studier, statistikuppgifter och rapporter i ämnet och därefter har det insamlade materialet analyserats och genomarbetats för att försöka nå fram till nya insikter inom tiger- och landskapsforskningen. Jämförande studier med den svenska vargen används som en utgångspunkt för vad som kan ske om tigern fortsätter att minska eller helt försvinner från sina områden. Trots brister i det statistiska underlaget finns tecken på att fragmenteringen och befolkningstillväxten är viktiga faktorer för sumatratigerns nedgång. Amurtigern visade sig vara mer tålig för både fragmentering och den ökande befolkning i Amurområdet tvärtemot vad tidigare forskning visat, men då båda tigrarnas utbredningsområde har analyserats på liknande sätt trots stora skillnader i förhållande, miljö och storlek så kan detta spela en stor roll i mina resultat jämte tidigare forsknings resultat. Klart är dock att människors allmänna attityd mot rovdjur i deras närområde, så kallade human-wildlife conflicts, komplicerar bevarandefrågan för tigern då skador orsakade av rovdjuren inte ses på med blida ögon och kan vara dyrt att kompensera för. / The study is a literature review and seek to find out two subspecies of tiger´s (Panthera tigris) population change and the reasons surrounding this on a time scale from 1970 to 2010. It also includes finding out the landscape and ecological consequences related to this, in order to discuss the sustainable conservation opportunities in the future. The two chosen subspecies for the study is the sumatran tiger and the amurtiger. The method has been mainly supported by previous studies, statistics and reports on the subject, but has allow themselves to be analysed and discussed in search for new fatc that can bring more light over the tigers popoulationchanges and the reserach of the tigerlandscape. Comparative studies with other predators, our Swedish wolf out and foray into the landscape, however, brings us a good picture of what could happen if the tiger continues to decrease or completely disappear from their landscape. Despite declining statistics, there were clear signs that fragmentation and human population growth are important factors to discuss the tiger's decline. The sumatran tiger was shown to be dangerly threatened by deforestation and human population growth in Sumatra, while the amurtiger seemed to be more resistent despite earlier researches has shown. An explanation for this might be the fact that the two subspecies range has been analyzed the same way despite large differences in environment and sieze and this can play a big role in my results that differes from earlier reserach results. It is clear, however, that humans general attitude toward predatos in their local area, so called human-wildlife conflicts, complicates the issue of conservation of the tiger when damage caused by the predators can be fatal and not to easy or affordable to compensate.

Artificial turf pitches have been identified as the second largest source of microplastics in the IVL's 2016 research report. The purpose of this study is to explore whether watercourses in the vicinity of artificial turfs are a likely distribution route for rubber granulates. Also in what size fraction rubber granules is most dominant compared to the natural substrate is investigated. To investigate this, sediment samples from 4 different streams have been taken; 2 near artificial turfs and 2 further away. These have been analyzed in microscopes where each rubber fraction relative to the gravel grain was counted in filter sizes 0- 5 μm, 5-10 μm and 10- 35 μm. The result shows that there is a significantly higher incidence of rubber fragments in watercourses near artificial turfs compared to those of further afield. In the size fraction 10- 35 μm, rubber fragments were most dominant in proportion to gravel. The study thus shows that adjacent watercourses can be a spreading source of artificial turf granules, and that animals that filter or eat particles of size 10- 35 μm run the highest risk of absorbing large quantities of rubber.

Idag har vi mängder av data på våra lagringsmedia vilket gör dem till en värdefull informationskälla. Om denna data raderas betyder det inte att den är borta för alltid. Data finns fortfarande kvar på lagringsmediet och går att återskapa med så kallad file carving. Att kunna återskapa data är en viktig del inom den polisiära verksamheten, men även för andra verksamheter som förlorat data. Det finns dock vissa problem som kan ställa till med besvär när data ska återskapas. När filer inte är lagrade i sammanhängande datablock blir de fragmenterade vilket innebär problem. För att ta reda på hur stort problemet egentligen är utfördes tre test med den kommersiella programvaran EnCase och open source programvarorna Foremost, PhotoRec och Scalpel. Resultatet visade tydligt att gratisprogrammet PhotoRec var bättre än de andra programmen, men kanske mest förvånande är att det kommersiella och dyra programmet EnCase inte lyckades speciellt bra. Det framgick även att samtliga program har stora problem med att återskapa fragmenterade filer, men det var återigen gratisprogramvaran PhotoRec som presterade bäst.

The fragmentation and reduction of deciduous forests in Sweden is threatening many species. Particularity worrying is the loss of broad-leaf trees, since a diversity of species is often associated to them. Today many deciduous trees are situated along the border between forested and open areas, and these small fragments can be important for biodiversity. The aim of this study is to analyze if wildlife management can affect the variation of deciduous trees and bushes in the landscape. In brochures and literature Svenska Jägareförbundet (the Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management) recommend hunters and landowners to promote deciduous trees – often broad-leaf trees – as wildlife management measures, while the Swedish forestry laws can be sensed as unclear regarding the treatment of these trees. Five properties in Södermanland, Sweden, were chosen as study areas and inventoried in respect of trees and bushes in September 2013. The landowners or game wardens were interviewed about how they manage the landscape to promote, or not promote, hunting. The landscapes’ tree and bush composition and richness in ten randomly selected plots on each property were compared and analyzed in relation to the landowners’ attitudes toward wildlife management and biodiversity. The interviewed landowners and game wardens who implemented wildlife management on their properties considered that they were promoting biodiversity in general, while the landowner who did not approve of wildlife management believed that game animals were threatening the biodiversity of the forest. The species inventories showed significant differences in species richness between the landscapes, where the property without wildlife management had the least amount of bush and tree species. No significant differences were found in respect of broad-leaf trees between the landscapes. The property with the least species also was the property with the lowest beta diversity, considered the variation between plots, and its species composition differed the most from that in the landscape where most species were found. The result of this study suggests that active wildlife management could increase deciduous trees and bushes in the landscape of Södermanland. Wildlife management could also create habitat corridors and possible stepping stones in the landscape, but to restore whole deciduous forests major actions are probably needed, including clearer regulations from Skogsstyrelsen (the Swedish Forest Agency) and development of alternative land use methods compared with today.

Den snabba förändringen av markanvändningen i Sverige har påverkat arter som är beroende av de minskande markanvändningsklasserna negativt, eftersom stora mängder habitat har förlorats. Genom att använda geografiska informationssystem för att studera kartmaterial, kan man dra slutsatser om förändring i habitattillgång och fragmenteringsgrad i området, baserat på undersökningsområdets historia. I denna studie undersöks kartmaterial över Julita gård i Södermanland, Sverige från åren 1798, 1850, 1900, 1950 och 2015 med avseende på förändring i markanvändning och fragmenteringsgrad. Resultaten visar att ängar och hagmarker har minskat betydligt i yta över åren, samtidigt som skogens yta har ökat kraftigt. Habitatförlusten av ängar och hagmarker är stor, men den förväntade fragmenteringseffekten uteblir. Habitatförlusten i Julitaområdet kan till stor del förklaras av ekonomiska och politiska tillstånd och åtgärder som har påverkat hela Sverige. Förlusten av habitat i undersökningsområdet har en förmodad stor negativ påverkan på diversiteten av arter som är knutna till ängar och hagmarker.

På senare år har ett nytt forskningsområde kring mikroskopiska plastfragment i marin miljö,kallat mikroplaster, vuxit fram. Mikroplaster härstammar från antropogena källor somavloppsreningsverk och vid fragmentering av makroplast. Det finns ett begränsat antal studierinom området, särskilt vad gäller svenska vatten, vilket innebär att det finns utrymme för merforskning. För att bidra till forskningen har föreliggande studie undersökt sedimentprover frånlitoralen vid sju olika platser längs svenska västkusten samt ett sedimentprov från djupt vattenvid en av platserna. För att undersöka koncentration och distribution av mikroplaster utfördeskorrelationsanalys längs den svenska västkusten mellan mikroplaster och två variabler;kornstorlek och salinitet. Resultatet visade att högst koncentration av mikroplaster återfannsvid Sveriges västkust norra delar och minskade ju längre söderut proverna togs.Förklaringsgraden R2 = 0, 61 visade stark korrelation mellan koncentration mikroplaster ochhög salinitet, samt fanns en korrelation mellan mikroplaster och grov sand medförklaringsgraden R2 = 0,38. Resultaten bidrar till ökad förståelse för hur mikroplasterdistribueras i marin miljö vid den svenska västkusten. Forskarna uppmanar till flerprovtagningar i havets alla zoner för att bättre förstå hur mikroplaster koncentreras ochdistribueras i marin miljö. / In recent years, a new research field regarding microscopic plastic fragments in the marineenvironment, called microplastics, have emerged. Microplastics derives from anthropogenicsources such as sewage treatment plants and the fragmentation of macro plastic. There are alimited number of studies regarding micro plastics, especially concerning Swedish waters,indicating the need for more research. In this study sediment samples were collected from thelittoral area at seven different locations as well as one sediment sample from a deep sea at oneof the sites. The aim is to investigate the concentration and distribution of microplastics alongthe Swedish west coast. A correlation analysis was performed between microplastics and twovariables; grain size and salinity. The results showed that the highest concentration of microplastics were found at the north part of the Swedish west coast and decreased the farther souththe samples were taken. The results showed a strong correlation between microplastics andhigh salinity R2 = 0, 61, and a correlation was seen between micro plastics and coarse sandwith a R2 = 0.38. The results contribute to the understanding of how micro plastics aredistributed in marine environment along the Swedish west coast. The researchers behind thisstudy calls for sampling of all marine zones to further understand how microplastics areconcentrated and distributed in the marine environment

The traditional media channels are beeing more and more digitalized and is now offering the consumers access to the content anywhere, anytime. There are indications from different researchers that this could lead to a fragmentation of the media audience. This could be because the content is beeing more and more specialised to different demographic groups of people. With this paper we sought to find out if we could get any indications on if the development tend to continue regarding on demand-services. Does the media audience think they will continue their subscriptions to the services, and if so - why? If not, how will they consume media if not via on demand-services? We conducted an online survey where 243 individuals participated and found out that our respondents indicated to continue their subscriptions because of the quantative content the service offers. Although our result indicated that the people who now are subscribing on an on demand-service will continue to do so - the majority of our respondents showed that they would turn to illegal filesharing and streaming if they, for any reason, would cancel the on demand-subscription.