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The benefits of the team building process have been examined for many years by several organizations. The Army Corp of Engineers, Project Management Institute, and Construction Industry Institute studies provided the foundation for this research. Cost growth and schedule growth are two areas that were suspected to be improved by the use of team building. A thorough statistical and graphical analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of the team building process on cost growth and schedule growth. The project phases and demographic slices were examined for both the contractors and owners. The analysis of the relationship between the team building process and reduction of cost growth and schedule growth provides overwhelming support for implementing the process on construction projects. Although results of particular projects are not always supportive, the overall trends indicate that both budget overruns and schedule extensions can be reduced by the use of a team building process. Particular project categories have been identified as very susceptible to the positive influences of the team building process. Early implementation appears to be crucial in maximizing the benefits of the team building process. / Master of Science

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The past decade saw increasing prominence put on teams in the workplace and concurrently a proliferation in the use of adventure-based programmes to develop teams. The study provides a description of an adventure-based team development intervention into the executive team of the Health and Racquet Club's Gauteng region. The team consisted of fourteen executives that all took part in a three-day team development programme. As a qualitative study it refers to the nature of the intervention as characterised by the participants through their experience thereof and as a descriptive study it learns about the who, what, when, where, and how of the adventure-based team development intervention. The study is done from a phenomenologicalconstructionist perspective and therefore focuses on the meaning attached to the experience by the participants while it recognises the involvement of the researcher. The study is accomplished by describing: • the principles underscoring the intervention and illustrating how the intervention is based on recent literature applying the principles to adventure-based team development; • intervention (and research) context by recounting the activities that were used; and • meaning attached to the intervention with regards to the impact thereof on individuals and team development. In Chapter One an overview of the study, the scope thereof and a formulation of the research problem are given. Chapter Two presents an overview of the team within its context and explains the process of contracting, the team's needs and the fit between the intervention and the strategic aims of the organisation. "The following Chapter provides the principles that were applied in the design and construction of the intervention and gives the theoretical underpinnings of the programme as stemming from recent literature. In Chapter Four a description of the course design as well as the activities that were used is given. This is followed by a description of the impact of the intervention on the individual members and on the team respectively. An overview of the phenomenological method of analysis of Georgi is given and it is used to analyse partlcipant's presentation of the most memorable moments they experienced during the course. The study is concluded by presenting the research outcomes, suggestions on future research and final comments. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die afgelope dekade is aansienlik meer prominensie aan spanne in die werkplek toegeken. Daarmee saam is daar ook 'n toename in die gebruik van avontuur-gebaseerde ontwikkelingsprogramme vir spanne. Hierdie studie verskaf 'n beskrywing van 'n avontuur-gebaseerde spanontwikkelingsintervensie waaraan die uitvoerende span van die Health and Racquet Club se Gautengstreek onderwerp is. Die span het bestaan uit veertien bestuurders wat almal aan 'n drie-dag spanontwikkelingsprogram deelgeneem het. Die studie is kwalitatief van aard in die wyse waarop die aard van die intervensie deur die deelnemers gekenmerk word deur hul belewenis daarvan. As 'n beskrywende studie beskryf dit die wie, wat, waar en hoe van die avontuur-gebaseerde spanontwikkelingsintervensie. Die studie word vanaf 'n fenomenologies-konstruksionistiese perspektief aangepak. Dit behels dat daar op die betekenis wat aan die ervaring deur die deelnemers geheg word, gefokus word. Die betrokkenheid van die navorser word terselfdertyd erken. Die studie is voltooi deur 'n beskrywing aan te bied van: - die beginsels wat die intervensie onderlê en hoe die intervensie gebaseer is op 'n toepassing van resente onwikkelings in navorsing rakende avontuur-gebaseerde spanontwikkeling; - die intervensie- (en navorsings-) konteks deur die aktiwiteite wat gebruik is te skets; - die betekenis wat aan die intervensie geheg is met betrekking tot die impak daarvan op individue en spanontwikkeling onderskeidelik. In Hoofstuk Een word 'n oorsig van die studie, die omvang daarvan en 'n formulering van die navorsingsprobleem verskaf. Hoofstuk Twee bied 'n oorsig van die span binne sy konteks aan en verduidelik die proses van kontraktering, die span se behoeftes en die belyning van die intervensie met die strategiese doelwitte van die organisasie. Die volgende Hoofstuk bied die beginsels wat toegepas is in die ontwerp en daarstelling van die intervensie en gee die teoretiese onderbou van die program soos dit put uit resente literatuur. In Hoofstuk Vier word 'n beskrywing van die kursusontwerp asook die aktiwiteite wat gebruik is verskaf. Dit word gevolg deur 'n beskrywing van die impak van die intervensie op individuele deelnemers en die span onderskeidelik. 'n Oorsig van die fenomenologiese metode van Georgi word verskaf en dit word aangewend om 'n analise van die deelnemers se weergawe van die mees betekenisvolle oomblikke wat hulle gedurende die program ervaar het, te doen. Die studie word afgesluit met die navorsingsresultate, aanbevelings oor toekomstige navorsing en finale opmerkings.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

ANOTATION Diploma thesis name: Team roles in the youth team at the FK Motorlet Praha, s.r.o. football club. . Objectives: First goal of the thesis is to find within the youth team at the FK Motorlet Praha, s.r.o. football club particular team roles and assess their importance for the team and find out which role holds each player. Second goal is to examine common relations between particular team members and on the basis of such an examination to find out if there is any way how to increase and improve the efficiency of the team's cooperation. Method: Structured non-participant observation was used to observe the team under examination. All team members were asked to answer questions from the Belbin test. Relations between team members were detected by sociometric test. By using a non-standardised interview with head coach, results of the previous observation and interview were used. Results: Observation results indicate how particular team members behave in certain situations. Interview results show how team members assess themselves while fulfiling certain tasks. Finally sociometric test result indicates common relations between particular members of the team under review. Key words: Team, team role, team-building, Belbin test, sociometric test.

Thesis (M.A. (Recreation Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

The primary purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the relationship between a team building (TB) intervention and the adherence behaviours of youth participating in a physical activity club. A preliminary study served to assess the appropriateness of a modified version of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ, Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985) for a youth sample (N =203), and the results revealed that the instrument appeared to be appropriate for this population. Participants for the main intervention study (N = 122) were high school students (Grades 9-12) participating in 10 rural, school-based exercise clubs. Individuals in five of the schools (n=65) were exposed to a TB intervention and individuals in the other five schools (n=57) served as the controls. Results were divided into examination of process and outcome variables. In terms of the process variables, results revealed that the five factors (group distinctiveness, group positions, group norms, communication/interaction, individual sacrifices) manipulated in the TB intervention significantly differentiated the two groups, Wilks Lambda (5) = .597, p<.001, and in the direction predicted. An examination of the outcome variables revealed that the TB factors added unique variance in predicting task cohesion (ATG-T, R2 Ä = .13 and GI-T, R2 Ä = .21). Finally, an examination of adherence outcomes revealed significant differences in attendance with TB group members attending more sessions than control group members, Wilks Lambda (1,98) = 3.07, p = .08, þ2 = .01. However, no significant difference was found in terms of drop-outs between the groups, t (8) = .54, p>.10. A secondary analysis also revealed a significant relationship between groups and group task satisfaction, with those in the TB group holding greater perceptions of group task satisfaction than those in the control group, Wilks Lambda (1, 97) = 11.69, p = .001, þ2 = .02. These findings provided preliminary support for TB as an effective group-based intervention to improve activity attendance in this population. Given this was the first study to examine the relationship between TB and youth adherence in an exercise setting, further research is recommended.

Abstract   Som dramapedagog är det vanligt att man får uppdrag att leda vuxengrupper som inte själva har valt att ha drama. I dessa grupper finns ofta en stor rädsla och ett stort motstånd vilket man som dramapedagog måste hantera och förhålla sig till. Frågeställning:   Hur förbereder och planerar dramapedagoger introduktionen av dramapass med vuxengrupper som inte valt att ha drama och hur är deras syn på detta arbete?   Undersökningen är inspirerad av en fenomenologisk-hermeneutisk ansats och metoden har varit fokussamtal där resultatet har redovisats som en gemensam berättelse ur informanternas perspektiv. Resultatet visar bland annat på att den springande punkten för att få ett fruktsamt arbete med vuxna som inte har valt drama är att som dramapedagog tillsammans med gruppen hitta en överenskommelse om hur man min vill arbeta.    Nyckelord: Dramapedagogik, grupprocess, vuxnas lärande, motivation, fokussamtal, fenomenologi, hermeneutik, team building, drama.

The primary purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the relationship between a team building (TB) intervention and the adherence behaviours of youth participating in a physical activity club. A preliminary study served to assess the appropriateness of a modified version of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ, Carron, Widmeyer, & Brawley, 1985) for a youth sample (N =203), and the results revealed that the instrument appeared to be appropriate for this population. Participants for the main intervention study (N = 122) were high school students (Grades 9-12) participating in 10 rural, school-based exercise clubs. Individuals in five of the schools (n=65) were exposed to a TB intervention and individuals in the other five schools (n=57) served as the controls. Results were divided into examination of process and outcome variables. In terms of the process variables, results revealed that the five factors (group distinctiveness, group positions, group norms, communication/interaction, individual sacrifices) manipulated in the TB intervention significantly differentiated the two groups, Wilks Lambda (5) = .597, p<.001, and in the direction predicted. An examination of the outcome variables revealed that the TB factors added unique variance in predicting task cohesion (ATG-T, R2 Ä = .13 and GI-T, R2 Ä = .21). Finally, an examination of adherence outcomes revealed significant differences in attendance with TB group members attending more sessions than control group members, Wilks Lambda (1,98) = 3.07, p = .08, þ2 = .01. However, no significant difference was found in terms of drop-outs between the groups, t (8) = .54, p>.10. A secondary analysis also revealed a significant relationship between groups and group task satisfaction, with those in the TB group holding greater perceptions of group task satisfaction than those in the control group, Wilks Lambda (1, 97) = 11.69, p = .001, þ2 = .02. These findings provided preliminary support for TB as an effective group-based intervention to improve activity attendance in this population. Given this was the first study to examine the relationship between TB and youth adherence in an exercise setting, further research is recommended.

The concept outdoor team building implies a set of consecutive learning experience activities that are mainly conducted in the outdoors with the aim of positively influencing the behaviour of the participant (McEvoy & Buller, 1997:209). According to Wagner et al. (1991:53) this form of team building mainly comprises of centre-based team building programs and wilderness-based team building programs. During CBTB the participants live and eat indoors while the participation in structured team building activities takes place outdoors. In contrast to this, the participants in wilderness-based team building live outdoors and take part in strenuous activities such as rock climbing, mountain climbing, orientation, camping, canoeing and sailing. In the corporate world there is currently a tendency to make use of CBTB to increase organizational effectiveness (Buller et al., 1991:58; Irvine & Wilson, 1994:25; Wagner & Campbell, 1994:4; DuFrene et al., 1999:24; lngram & Desombre, 1999:16; Salas et al., 1999:309-310; WiIliams et al., 2003:45). Notwithstanding the increasing popularity of these programs, there exists much scepticism concerning the real value of CBTB (Gall, 1987:58; Wagner & Roland, 1992:61; Wagner & Campbell, 1994:4). The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a difference between a wilderness expedition and a CBTB with regard to personal effectiveness and group effectiveness. According to Borrie and Roggenbuck (2001:3) the most innovative and comprehensive results of the dynamic nature of outdoor team building programs have been found in the wilderness or a type of wilderness environment, Ewert en McAvoy (2000:15) are of the opinion that the participation in activities in the wilderness can have a significant impact on the individual as well as the group. The test subject is identified by means of an availability sample and is randomly divided ahead of time into a control group as well as two separate experimental groups who participated in the CBTB (Venterskroon, Vredefort Dome) and the wilderness expedition (Central Drakensberg). This study is executed in the form of a quantitative pre-test post-test design (Thomas & Nelson, 2001:321-322). To measure personal effectiveness use is made of the Review of Personal Effectiveness and Locus of Control (ROPELOC) with a Cronbach Alpha-value of between 0,79 and 0,93 (Richards et al., 2002:1-4). The instrument focuses on psychological and behavioural aspects that are key components of personal effectiveness (Richards et al., 2002:1). The ROPELOC consist of 45 questions and is made up of seven main components of which three consist of various underlying subcomponents. The difference can be determined with regard to the main components as well as the underlying subcomponents. For the measuring of group effectiveness use was made of an improved version of Herselman’s (1998:149) group effectiveness questionnaire. It was aimed with this questionnaire to determine the effect of CBTB and the wilderness expedition on group effectiveness, as well as which advantages, if any, it has for the individual. This questionnaire consists of open and closed items on group aspects as well as individual aspects, to determine the participants’ attitude with regard to certain variables before and after exposure to the CBTB and the wilderness expedition. The results of this study showed that both experimental groups (CBTB and wilderness expedition) brought about successful change. With reference to personal effectiveness the paired t-tests showed that the CBTB lead to more change with regard to the main components as well as the subcomponents than the wilderness expedition. This change took place with regard to personal ability and beliefs, organizational skills, overall effectiveness, self-efficacy, time management and the coping with change. With regard to group effectiveness the wilderness expedition lead to more change than the CBTB with reference to group cohesion, leadership development, attitude change, success experience, self-concept, self-confidence and dealing with criticism. To determine whether there was a difference between a wilderness expedition and a CBTB with regard to personal effectiveness and group effectiveness, use was made of a covariance analysis. The results of these tests showed that with regard to personal effectiveness there was only one practically significant intergroup difference, namely stress management, and that with regard to group effectiveness two significant intergroup differences were found, namely creativity and group moral. In all of these cases the CBTB exhibited better. On the basis of these results the assumption that CBTB is more effective than a wilderness expedition, for the improvement of personal effectiveness and group effectiveness, cannot be made. It is recommended that CBTB be given preference if the outcomes of the program is personal effectiveness and wilderness expedition be used to improve group effectiveness. / Thesis (M.A. (Recreation Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006