Magister Commercii - MCom / Nearly half a century after independence, the Cameroon economy has experienced little or no growth in per capita incomes in spite of the enormous natural and human potentials of the country and in spite of the huge packages of aid and subsequent debt relief received from the international donor community, suggesting a more profound cause to the development problems facing the country. Under the current WTO rules-based system of multi-lateral trade management, Cameroon, like other poor countries, is left with limited scope for effective implementation of industrial and trade policies that could bail her out of her present predicament. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to explore the fundamental determinants of sustainable growth within the context of the Cameroonian economy. While acknowledging the role of openness to international markets in promoting growth, its effects could only be maximised with the attainment of certain threshold conditions such as the availability of basic skills, provision of vital infrastructure services and public goods, and good governance. In a nutshell, for development to happen, the country needs not only well functioning markets, but also good governments that do not steal the fruits of workers' labour. Drawing on the endogenous growth models, the study suggests that incentives for investment in knowledge capital, for infrastructure provision and for good governance could bail the country out of its low level traps, setting it on the path of sustainable growth in an evermore globalising world economy.

Das Vorhaben TRANS³Net.addon eröffnete die Möglichkeit, Erfahrungen zur Ausgestaltung transnationaler Netzwerke zu identifizieren und vorhandene gute Beispiele transnationaler Kooperation von Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft zu verbreiten. Ausgangspunkt war das Central Europe-Projekt TRANS³Net, das von 2016 – 2019 darauf hinarbeitete, ein Netzwerk von Transferpromotoren im Dreiländereck Polen-Tschechien-Sachsen zu etablieren. Die dabei gewonnenen Erfahrungen und entwickelten Lösungen sollten durch Vernetzung und Austausch mit anderen transnationalen Vorhaben deutscher Partner, die ähnliche Fragestellungen bearbeiteten, auf eine breitere Basis gestellt werden. Diese Ausarbeitung hat den Anspruch, ähnlich gelagerten Vorhaben Anregungen für die Ausgestaltung grenzüberschreitender Zusammenarbeit zu geben. Vor allem sollen Stolpersteine und Erfolgsfaktoren aufgezeigt werden, die für einen erfolgreichen Prozess jeweils zu berücksichtigen wären.:Motivation für diese Dokumentation Dokumentation der Veranstaltungen zum Erfahrungsaustausch Studie zu Rechtsformen zukünftiger Kooperationsformen am Beispiel Trans³Net Euroregion ELBE/LABE Euroregion Neisse-Nisa-Nysa Euroregion Donau-Moldau Internationales Hochschulinstitut Zittau Kommunalgemeinschaft Europaregion Pomerania e.V. Hochrheinkommission Zwei Länder, eine Region - Der Hochrhein verbindet! Stabsstelle Internationalisierung der TU Dresden Die außenwirtschaftliche Arbeit der Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH (WFS) Region um Flensburg Zentrale EU-Serviceeinrichtung Sachsen | ZEUSS Karkonoska Agencja Rozwoju Regionalego Kompetenzatlas des polnisch-sächsischen Grenzraumes TRANS³Net-Innovationsplattform Sächsisch-polnischer Innovationstag EUCOR – The European Campus Grenzübergreifende Geschäftsmodelle mit 3D-Druck Grenzüberschreitender PAMINA Business Club: Grenzen überwinden Kunststoff-Cluster im Alpenraum Kompetenznetzwerk Oberrhein 4.0

Les startups innovantes orientées technologies mènent de nombreusesexpérimentations pour recueillir suffisamment de preuves de valeur, et réduire ainsiles incertitudes avant le lancement de leurs produits et services sur le marché. Bienque les moyens des startups soient limités, ces expérimentations sont souventaléatoires, itératives et nécessitent un investissement important en termes de tempset de ressources. Des solutions doivent ainsi leur être apportées afin de les aider àmieux planifier la maturation de leur technologie et à mieux identifier les opportunitéssur le marché. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit la présente recherche.Une revue de la littérature est d’abord menée dans les domaines de l'ingénierie de laconception ainsi que du management de la technologie et de l'innovation. Cetteanalyse démontre que les méthodes et outils existants ne permettent pas d’établir desfeuilles de route précises et quantitatives pour mener des expérimentationspertinentes. Une enquête est ensuite réalisée sur les pratiques de 60 startupsinnovantes dans le contexte de la Ville de Paris. Cette recherche révèle que malgrél’utilisation des méthodes d’innovation telles que Lean Startup et BMC (BusinessModel Canvas), les startups n’ont aucun outil pratique pour spécifier et planifier leursexpérimentations, ou pour allouer efficacement leurs ressources.Par conséquent, cette recherche apporte trois contributions. D'abord, l'outil BMC estcombiné avec la quantification des poches de valeur (opportunités) et une séried’indicateurs quantitatifs permettant d’assurer la pertinente de l'offre de valeur.Ensuite, une méthodologie dénommée DUE (Design by Usage-based Experimentation)est proposée afin d’examiner l'ensemble des marchés potentiels et d’identifier lesprincipales propriétés technologiques à améliorer grâce à l’expérimentation. Uneméthodologie quantitative nommée RITHM (Roadmapping Investments in TecHnologyand Market) est par la suite proposée pour optimiser les expérimentations pourqu’elles puissent aboutir à la maturation d'une technologie pour atteindre les marchésles plus profitables. La pertinence de ces méthodologies est évaluée en les appliquantà une startup orientée technologies et par la validation d’experts. Enfin, cette rechercheconclue qu'il est possible d’améliorer la spécification des feuilles de routed’expérimentations dans une startup technologique et de mieux orienter sesinvestissements vers des stratégies R&D plus efficaces et économiques.Cette recherche peut contribuer à soutenir de manière significative la prise de décisionde différents acteurs, comme par exemple, les entrepreneurs, qui doivent justifier desdépenses de R&D dans des dossiers de levée de fonds, ou des investisseurs publicset privés qui cherchent à minimiser les risques d'investissement dans destechnologies innovantes, ou enfin des technology scouts. / Technology-oriented innovative startups must conduct extensive experiments to gather sufficient proofs of value, so that they may reduce uncertainties before the launch of their products and services on the market. Despite their limited resources, the experiments conducted by startups are often random, loop-based and consequently time and resource consuming. Hence, startups need solutions to help them better planning their technology maturation and identifying market opportunities. It is in the context that the current research is carried out.First, a literature review is conducted in the fields of engineering design, technology management and innovation management. This review suggests that the existing methods and tools fail to provide accurate and quantitative roadmaps to conduct relevant experiments. Second, this research surveys the design and testing practices of 60 innovative startups in the context of the City of Paris. This investigation reveals that despite the use of popular innovation methods such as Business Model Canvas (BMC) and Lean Startup, startups have no practical tools for specifying and planning experiments, nor for efficiently using their resources.Therefore, this research makes the following three contributions. First, the BMC tool is combined with quantified value buckets (opportunities) and innovativeness indicators in order to make sure that the value offer is effective and significant. Second, a Design by Usage-based Experimentation (DUE) methodology is proposed to help screening the whole set of potential markets and to identify the main technology properties that need to be improved through experiments. Third, a quantitative methodology called RITHM (Roadmapping Investments in TecHnology and Market) is proposed to optimize the set of experiments, so that they result in the maturation of a technology to reach the most profitable markets. The relevance of the proposed methodologies is assessed through their application to technology-oriented innovative startups and also through expert validation. Finally, this research concludes that it is possible, with more effective and economical R&D strategies, to better define experiment roadmaps and better steer technological startup investment.This research may significantly support the decision-making process of various actors: entrepreneurs, who need to justify R&D expenses in fund-raising applications; public and private investors, who constantly tend to minimize investment risks in innovative technologies; or technology scouts.

das Jahrbuch der Technischen Universität Chemnitz 2013/2014 / the yearbook of Technische Universität Chemnitz 2013/2014

University research being adopted by, or transferred to, industry has enabled many of the things we now take for granted. The road from a breakthrough at a university to societal consequences is however a long and winding road full of dead ends and surprising turns. To guide researchers attempting to transfer their discoveries into industry applications there are many support systems, for example the Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) tied to each Swedish university. After patenting and contracting with a TTO, a first step often consists of finding a company which can utilize the new technology or, similarly, finding an application for the new technology which can benefit a collection of companies. At this stage there are frequently many ideas for applications but a lack of knowledge about how the technology will perform if implemented and how the relevant companies are evaluating investments into new technology. To solve this, market researchers often divide the intended market into segments and explore the properties of these segments as they relate to the new technology. While there is much research into how this market segmentation and segment exploration is to be done there are no clear and general guidelines. This problem is complex and the answer is contingent on the specifics of the relevant technology, prompting researchers to call for more case studies. This report reviews, comments on and adds to research on market segmentation methodology when trying to transfer new technology to complex Business to Business markets from the outside. It ends with a model suggestion derived from B2B market segmentation research as well as the start-up literature and field experience. This is done alongside a case study of a start-up based on the VIPS-technology, which is a protocol used in microprocessors. The report also provides a decision basis for VIPS on which to base a future marketing strategy. / The benefits, as well as the costs, of supporting technology transfer from universities to industry have been well studied and both have been found to be very high. One of the initial stages of many such transfers, B2B market segmentation, have seen much research but has not yet produced any comprehensive guidelines. The complexity of this problem has led some researchers to call for action or case based research. This report reviews, comments on and adds to research on market segmentation methodology for start-ups based on new technology in complex B2B markets through a case study in the microprocessor industry. It ends with a model suggestion derived from B2B market segmentation literature as well as the start-up literature and field experience. This is done alongside providing a decision basis and general advice for a start-up based on the VIPS-technology, which is a protocol created for use in microprocessors.  The main contributions of this report are considered to be: Suggestions on how a start-up based on new technology should discover, investigate and segment potential markets. Suggestions on how market segments should be evaluated, chosen and targeted. Segmentation of the VIPS market into segments that have similar drivers and would require a similar strategy of approach. Evaluation and disqualification of three of the markets that were envisioned by the inventors - HPCs using standardized CPUs, APUs and mobile. Identification of a key customer, as well as the formulation of a strategy for how to approach them. Identification of the potential for VIPS to simplify chip verification and that there is a market demand for such simplification. Highlighting the importance of developing VIPS as a product for needs specific to key markets.

One of the key components of international development is to provide adequate shelter for citizens of developing countries. This is often accomplished by governmental, non- governmental, and private organizations that seek to lower the cost, increase the quality, and expand the availability of safe, sustainable housing through the use of innovative technologies. These new technologies can affect the social and/or economic structure within communities. This paper is a case study resulting from the construction of a seventy-one-home village, including infrastructure, near Yogyakarta, Indonesia by a foreign, aid-based non-governmental organization (NGO). The village was relocated less than two kilometers from its original site after a massive landslide, triggered by the 2006 earthquakes of Central Java, virtually destroyed the entire community. Four years after construction the researcher took an inductive inquiry approach through interviews with residents of the community and residents of neighboring communities to understand the social and economic impacts. The research project explored the unintended consequences to the community resulting from the NGO's use of innovative housing technologies (steel reinforced concrete domes and planned community development) without a thorough understanding of underlying community culture and interactions.

In this study an attempt has been made to explore the role of technology transfer in the economic growth of Iraq, through the change in the technology itself for the period 1960-1978. For this purpose the economy was disaggregated into seven sectors. The experience of developed countries has shown that technical change is one of the most important factors of economic growth alongside, or even overshadowing, such factors as labour and capital. In the light of technology transfer, developing countries have the advantage of introducing high levels of advancement of knowledge which can be used to induce domestic technical change at later stages. Technical change is normally defined as a shift in the production function, and for this reason two forms of production function were estimated and tested, i. e. the constant elasticity of substitution and the Cobb-Douglas function. Also two specifications (constant and variable) were assigned to technical change. To validate the use of these, statistical tests were conducted to establish the optimum fit. Then the selected form was used to simulate output levels for comparison with actual figures. The techniques used for estimation are both linear and non-linear. Data used are time series in real terms of capital stock and output, as well as number of persons employed. Furthermore in order to judge the importance of technical change to the growth of output on aggregate and sectoral levels, as regards economic growth, comparisons were drawn with existing data from other developed and developing countries, including centrally planned economies.

The transfer of technology to developing countries constitutes one of the major debates in the literature on development economics. The present empirical investigation is intended to " contribute to the large existing literature on technological transfer. Its major contribution lies in demonstrating rigorously that the integration of foreign technologies is greatly affected by the socio-economic conditions of the recipient countries. The present study attempts to identify the main socioeconomic characteristics involved in assimilating transferred technlogy. It first provides a quantifiable measure of the rate of technological absorption. Then, in presenting the selection of indicators, the general procedures followed in choosing the sample of countries are summarized and the principles guiding the choice of variables are examined. The model is based on multiple regression analysis, which is discussed in some detail. Another statistical method is used to explore the interdependence of the economic and social indicators, which provides more exact knowledge about their various interactions and lays the groundwork for the problem at hand. Three main indicators are identified that explain a significant-. sixty one percent of the total variance of the dependent variable. These main indicators are the rate of education, trade policies and the availability of certain consumer products. It is found that these variables express different and important dimensions of the third world economy. In general, the results reveal that the rate of technology integration varies greatly with the level of socio economic development. The findings of the investigation are analysed using new and efficient methods of diagnostic techniques, and are also seen within their theoretical perspectives'. The analysis of results is concluded with a discussion of intangible factors that cannot as yet be quantified; factors such as political and managerial quality and yet can be expected to have significant effects on the rate of technological integration. / Ministry of Hydraulics in Algeria

This economic history and examination of the rubber products manufacturing industry in Peninsular Malaysia contributes to the subject of resource-based industrialization in the field of development studies. The development of the industry is traced from the 1920s to 2005 when the Second Industrial Master Plan came to an end. The findings are that local interests control 80 per cent of the industry, with foreign direct investment in the remaining 20 per cent, either as subsidiary companies of overseas manufacturers or in joint ventures with Malaysian investors. The industry has a dualistic structure, with foreign-owned and joint venture companies typically being more heavily capitalized and employing a larger workforce than wholly Malaysian-owned companies. Foreign and joint venture enterprises are more likely to export a greater volume of production than local firms. Nevertheless, the industry as a whole has a strong export-orientation and Malaysian-based exporters sell into markets worldwide. A detailed examination of the industrial components production sector by means of a questionnaire indicates that Malaysian producers rely on the Malaysian Rubber Board for the transfer of manufacturing technology. Technology transfer in the foreign and joint venture sector is from parent companies and joint venture associates overseas. The conclusion is that the rubber manufacturing industry is vertically integrated with local production of natural rubber used as raw material to produce a range of goods for sale to domestic and international markets. The 80 per cent Malaysian component indicates a stable domestic industry ably supported by local technology resources.

Den här uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur kunskap rör sig till, inom och från ett universitetsnära avknoppningsbolag utifrån frågeställningen: vilka faktorer påverkar flödet av kunskap mellan universitet och avknoppningsbolag? Denna övergripande frågeställning besvaras därefter utifrån tre delfrågor: vilken funktion har patentering och publicering i vetenskapliga tidskrifter i flödet av kunskap mellan universitet ochavknoppningsbolag?; vilken funktion har tyst kunskap i samarbetet mellanavknoppningsbolag och universitet?; och vilken påverkan har immateriella tillgångar (såsom rykte, legitimitet och trovärdighet) på hur kunskap rör sig i samarbetet mellan avknoppningsbolag, universitet och industri? Studien utgörs av en fallstudie av FoU-bolaget SweTree Technologies AB och dess samarbete med investeringsbolaget och forskarkollektivet Woodheads AB. Frågeställningarna besvaras utifrån åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med Woodheadsforskare, en immaterialrättsjurist och personer med tidigare involvering i SweTree Technologies AB. Analysen centreras kring följande teman: samarbetet Woodheads/SweTree; den dubbelriktade pilen; immateriella tillgångar samt avgränsningen mellan forskning och kommersialisering. Avslutningsvis kan vi konstatera att immateriella tillgångar upprätthåller samarbetet och ger alla aktörer tillgång till nödvändigtyst kunskap genom exempelvis rekrytering. Den tysta kunskapen spelar därefter en väsentlig roll i att bedriva en effektiv verksamhet inom både forskning och kommersialisering. Patentering är likaså nödvändigt för att kunskap ska nå fram till näringslivet. Slutligen är publicering ett medel som styrker bolagens trovärdighet och legitimitet. Vi upptäckte därutöver en dualitet i forskarnas förhållningssätt till å ena sidan privat och offentlig kunskap som berör forskningens meritsystem där publicering är meriterande medan patentering inte ärdet. Å andra sidan upptäcktes en gränsdragning mellan forskning och kommersialisering som i själva verket överlappar men av forskarna hålls åtskilda av politiska skäl liksom egentrovärdighet.