Le développement des tiers-lieux de travail sous la forme de télécentres depuis 2005 interroge les effets des politiques publiques en matière de TIC et de télétravail sur les territoires ruraux français. La thèse analyse ces dispositifs publics en interaction avec leurs dynamiques territoriales d’ancrages et leurs effets en matière de différenciation spatiale et de mobilités. Deux axes de recherche sont ainsi développés : d’une part, l’influence de la gouvernance d’un dispositif public multiniveau sur la structuration de l’offre et les usages les non-usages des télécentres en lien avec les stratégies des utilisateurs potentiels, d’autre part. Ils renvoient tous deux à une problématique méthodologique commune, à savoir la prise en compte des interactions entre un « dispositif socio-technique » centré sur les TIC et sa dynamique territoriale d’ancrage. L’approche systémique est mobilisée dans le but d’appréhender la complexité du phénomène via l’analyse des stratégies d’acteurs et l’imbrication de leurs actions à différentes échelles spatiales. La méthodologie développée combine des entretiens semi-directifs auprès des acteurs de l’offre, comportant des questions fermées sur les caractéristiques techniques des dispositifs, des enquêtes en ligne et des entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’utilisateurs potentiels, et l’étude de données sur les caractéristiques du terrain d’expérimentation : le Cantal, à savoir un territoire rural et semi-montagneux du Massif central, et son réseau de dix télécentres. Les résultats révèlent une gouvernance multiniveau de l’offre qui produit deux modèles de dispositifs en lien avec le positionnement stratégique des acteurs locaux, et des usages et des non-usages liés aux stratégies des utilisateurs potentiels. Les effets induits, attendus ou imprévus par les politiques publiques sont dépendants de certaines conditions liées à l’offre, aux usages, à la dynamique du type de territoire considéré, mais aussi à des facteurs exogènes au système spatial. À partir de ces analyses, des préconisations sont émises à destination des acteurs publics. / The development of third-place in the form of telework centres since 2005 questions the effects of public policies of ICTs and telework on French rural areas. The thesis analyzes these public systems interacting with their territorial dynamics of anchors and their effects on spatial differentiation and mobility. Two research focus are developed: first, the influence of the governance of a multilevel public system on the structuring of the supply and, then, uses and non-use of telework centres related to the strategies of potential users. They both refer to a common methodological problem, i.e. taking into account the interactions between a "socio-technical system" centered on ICTs and its territorial dynamic positioning. The systemic approach is mobilized in order to understand the complexity of the phenomenon by analyzing the players' strategies and overlapping of their actions at different spatial scales. The developed methodology combines semi-structured interviews with actors of the offer and online survey and semi-structured interviews with potential users, and study data on the characteristics of the testing ground: Cantal, in this case a rural area and semi-mountainous, Massif Central, and its network of ten telework centres. The results reveal a multi-level governance of the offer which produces two models of systems related to the strategic positioning of local actors, and uses and non-uses related to potential users strategies. Induced, anticipated or unanticipated effects by public policies are dependent on certain conditions relating to the offer, practices, to the dynamics of territory in type but also to exogenous factors to the space system. From these analyzes, recommendations are issued to public actors.

Telecommuting is becoming an increasingly popular trend in the modern workforce. Among the growing number of teleworkers are engineers, a profession where communication is a necessity. This study employs a phenomenological research approach to understand and describe the ways in which information communication technology (ICT) affects teleworking engineers’ interpersonal communication in the workplace and perceptions of isolation in social and organizational contexts. Uses and gratifications theory and media richness theory were used to better understand teleworkers’ selection and use of ICT. The findings revealed six themes: emotional impact, workplace relationships, information communication technology in the workplace, the nature of telework, telework and connectivity, and the organizational role in telework. This study contributes to communication research by adding to the growing body of knowledge about the influence of telework on workplace communication and relationships from the perspective of a niche population, engineers.

This thesis describes a concept of telework, its background, diffusion and penetration, the European Framework Agreement on Telework and provides a detailed analysis of home office as one form of telework in Czech Republic and Germany during the financial crisis. Evaluating the impacts of the financial crisis on using this form of flexible working is based on statistical data, researches and case studies from both countries and on interviews with representatives of two companies located in Czech Republic and two companies located in Germany which practice home office. The research is completed with an interview with a telework service provider.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-10T12:29:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 joaoguilhermecunhaevallo.pdf: 949071 bytes, checksum: b17b26c22e35d472ab0dc4057fa55bd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-10T14:10:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 joaoguilhermecunhaevallo.pdf: 949071 bytes, checksum: b17b26c22e35d472ab0dc4057fa55bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joaoguilhermecunhaevallo.pdf: 949071 bytes, checksum: b17b26c22e35d472ab0dc4057fa55bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / O teletrabalho é uma das atividades mais relevantes para entender as dinâmicas de trabalho da contemporaneidade. Com o passar dos anos, aumentam os profissionais que, de alguma forma, dedicam parte ou a totalidade de suas jornadas a tarefas fora de um escritório fixo. Dependente da tecnologia e afim da inovação, a prática de trabalho a distância está sempre se atualizando. Trata-se de um campo fértil para os estudos de processos comunicacionais, seja pelo estudo das mídias em si, seja pela análise dos conteúdos ou quaisquer outro aspecto da comunicação humana que se intencione recortar. O fenômeno de comunicação que pretendemos investigar são as relações que os empregados estabelecem entre si e com a empresa em que trabalham quando estão em regime de teletrabalho. Mediadas por celulares e computadores, essas relações, acreditamos, definem o sucesso ou o insucesso das metas a serem alcançadas. Nossas hipóteses são atravessadas pela ideia de que a efetividade está ligada à adequação da comunicação entre os atores. A pesquisa começa pelas questões próprias dos estudos em redes sociais complexas. Em seguida, apresentaremos os modelos desenvolvidos para descrever esses fenômenos e optaremos por uma maneira de modelizar específica que trabalharemos melhor ao longo da dissertação. Concluiremos apresentando as mudanças apontadas pela teoria capazes de aprimorar os processos que nós modelamos e analisamos de forma crítica. / Telework is one most relevant activities to comprehend contemporary work dynamics. Over the years, more and more professionals have adopted homeoffice journeys, but also other formats of work away from the office. Dependent on technology and innovation, working upon distance is an always updating matter. This is surely a fertile ground for studies about communication processes, study of the media itself and content analysis or any other aspect of human communication. The communication phenomenon that we intended to investigate are the relations established by employees among themselves and directed to the company when teleworking. Mediated by telephones and computers, these relations, as we believe, are determinant to say if a process is successful or a failure. Our hypotheses are crossed by the idea that the effectiveness is linked to some level of harmony perceivable in communication between actors. The pursuit of our goal begins with the studies in complex social networks and technology development. Then we tried to sketch a simple model to understand the phenomena in regard to the methodology used, which will be described best along the lasts chapters of the dissertation. Finally, we conclude pointing some changes induced by the theory to enhance the processes we modeled and analyzed critically.

As empresas utilizam vários tipos de recursos tais como matérias primas, insumos, recursos humanos e recursos financeiros para gerar seu portfólio de produtos e/ou serviços. No último século os gestores das empresas desenvolveram práticas e ferramentas de gerenciamento para maximizar os resultados decorrentes da aplicação destes recursos. Nas últimas duas décadas o conhecimento passou a ser considerado mais um dos recursos a serem geridos e aplicados pelas empresas para alcançar diferenciais competitivos frente aos seus concorrentes. Por ser um recurso intangível com características diferentes dos demais recursos, várias práticas e ferramentas específicas foram desenvolvidas com o objetivo de explorar ao máximo os resultados do uso do conhecimento nas empresas. Esta tese teve como objetivo identificar e especificar as práticas de gestão do conhecimento e as ferramentas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação empregadas em empresas instaladas na indústria de software no Brasil, incluindo aquelas que são utilizadas por teletrabalhadores. Buscou ainda identificar e especificar se há diferença na utilização dessas práticas e ferramentas em ambientes de teletrabalho, além de verificar as influências da gestão do conhecimento na eficácia empresarial dessas mesmas empresas. Para tanto, como método de pesquisa foi realizado um estudo descritivo-quantitativo junto a 319 funcionários de 15 diferentes empresas de médio e grande portes integrantes da indústria de software do país. Os dados coletados foram tratados por meio de análises estatísticas descritivas e da modelagem de equações estruturais, mediante o emprego dos aplicativos SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) e PLS-PM (Partial Least Squares Path Modeling). Os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que: a) as práticas de gestão do conhecimento mais utilizadas nas empresas pesquisadas são: reuniões e conferências virtuais, treinamentos virtuais, treinamentos presenciais, e-learning, call center/help desk/suporte online, portal corporativo, biblioteca corporativa, sistema de avaliação, centros de inovação, mapeamento de processos e gestão da inovação; b) as ferramentas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação voltadas à gestão do conhecimento mais empregadas nas empresas analisadas são: e-mail, telefone via internet, telefone celular/rádio, intranet; servidores web e navegadores, telefone fixo, mensagens instantâneas, portal corporativo e treinamento baseado em computador; c) as práticas e ferramentas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação empregadas na gestão do conhecimento são mais usadas em ambientes de teletrabalho do que em ambientes de trabalho presencial e, por fim; d) as práticas e ferramentas de tecnologia da informação e comunicação voltadas à gestão do conhecimento influenciam a eficácia empresarial das empresas examinadas, com prevalência das práticas sobre as ferramentas. A conclusão é que as práticas e ferramentas empregadas na gestão do conhecimento são mais utilizadas em ambientes de teletrabalho e que a gestão do conhecimento em si influencia a eficácia empresarial das empresas. / The companies use some types of resources such as raw material, human resources and financial resources to generate its set of products and/or services. In the last century the managers of the companies had developed management practices and tools to maximize the decurrent results of the application of these resources. In last the two decades the knowledge became to be considered another one of the resources to be managed and applied by companies in order to reach competitive differentials comparing to its competitors. As the knowledge is an intangible resource with different characteristics comparing to other resources, several specific practices and tools had been developed in order to better explore the results of the use of the knowledge in the companies. This thesis proposed to identify and specify the knowledge managements practices and information and communication technology tools used in companies of Brazils software industry. It also attempted to identify and specify if theres a difference in the use of these practices and tools in teleworking or face to face working environments, besides verifying the influences of knowledge management in these companies organizational effectiveness. Because of this, a quantitative-descriptive research was conducted with the application of a questionnaire with 319 employees of 15 different midsize and large companies that operate in the countrys software industry. The collected data were dealt by descriptive statistics analysis and structural equations shaping, by the use of SPSS application (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and PLS-PM (Partial Least Squares Path Modeling). The results show that it is possible to identify: a) the most used practices of knowledge management in the researched companies are: meetings and virtual conferences, virtual training, face to face training, e-learning, call center/help desk/online support, corporative gateway, corporative library, evaluation system, innovation centers, process mapping and innovation management; b) the most used information and communication technology tools turned to knowledge management in the analyzed companies are: email, web phone calling, cell phone/radio, intranet, browsers and web servers, landline phone, instant messaging, corporative gateway and computer based training; c) the practices and information and communication technology tools used in knowledge management are more used in teleworking environment than in face to face working environment, and finally; d) the practices and information and communication technology tools turned to knowledge management influence the organizational effectiveness of the surveyed companies, with more influence of the practices than the tools. The conclusion is that the practices and tools used in knowledge management are more used in telework environment and that knowledge management influences the companies organizational effectiveness.

I samband med årsskiftet 2019–2020 erfar världen att ett nytt coronavirus upptäckts. Under våren 2020 är pandemin med den nya smittan COVID-19 ett faktum. För att förhindra smittspridning går Världshälsoorganisationen ut med olika riktlinjer och rekommendationer. Ur ett icke-medicinskt perspektiv gavs bland annat följande råd: social distansering, flexibelt arbete och distansarbete. En storskalig global omställning till distansarbete påbörjades. Denna litteraturstudies syfte var att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkat medarbetarens sociala liv och psykiska hälsa i samband med den snabba omställningen till distansarbete i hemmet på grund av COVID-19 pandemin. Inkluderade artiklar bearbetades utifrån en induktiv ansats och analyserade genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet genomsyras av dualitet och lyfts fram i tre kategorier Arbete, Förändringar i vardagen och Hälsa. Inom Arbete visar sig flera fördelar som sparad restid, tidsanpassning, flexibilitet och arbetsautonomi men även nackdelar som avsaknad av kollegor, prokrastinering, ökad arbetsbelastning. Förändringar i vardagen visar livsstilsförändringar som sämre kost och mindre fysisk aktivitet men även det motsatta. De sociala kontakterna förändras och social isolering upplevs. Hälsa visar både en förbättrad liksom en försämrad fysisk och psykisk hälsa detta utifrån arbetssituationen i hemmet med distraktioner från privatlivet gentemot arbetet och tvärtom samt arbetsplatsens faktiska utformning i hemmet. / Around New Year of 2019-2020, the world learned that a new coronavirus had been discovered. In the spring of 2020, the pandemic with the new infectious disease COVID-19 was a fact. To prevent the spread of infection, the World Health Organization issued various forms of recommendations. From a non-medical perspective, the following advice was given: social distancing, flexible work and teleworking. A large-scale global transition to teleworking began. The purpose of this literature study was to investigate the factors that have affected the domestic worker's social life and mental health in connection with the rapid transition to telework due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Included articles were processed based on an inductive approach and analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. The result is filled with duality and is highlighted in three categories Work, Changes in everyday life and Health. In Work, findings show several advantages such as saved travel time, time adaptation, flexibility and work autonomy, but also disadvantages such as lack of colleagues, procrastination, increased workload. Changes in everyday life show lifestyle changes such as poorer diet and less physical activity, but also the opposite. The social contacts change and social isolation is experienced. Health shows both improved and deteriorating physical and mental health based on the workplace and the work situation at home with distractions from work towards the private life and vice versa.

The subject of this diploma thesis is to define the satisfaction of emloyees with teleworking in a selected company. The first part of the thesis defines the terms related to telework from a theoretical point of view. The second part contains information about the company itself and analysis about employee satisfaction with this type of work. The third part proposes measures which aim to increased employee satisfaction.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted many around the world, some more than others, having socioeconomic impacts around the globe. Due to its rapid spread many countries implemented restrictions, such as quarantines to uphold social distancing between its citizens. In addition, the coronavirus has not only affected people’s way of life but also many companies’ financial health worldwide. This pandemic’s side effects has resulted in increased digital transformation, causing many companies without the required infrastructure to rapidly implement mechanism and strategies to handle this type of work style. This studies aim is to give an insight in employee’s experiences and reactions to a rapid digital implementation, in a company without the infrastructure in place. With the help of an inductive approach and a multi level framework, four themes emerged from the interviews conducted ImplementationConsequences, Organizational Support, Expectations of Digital Implementation and Work-related Differences. The results showed that there is a discrepancy between the necessary factors for a successful implementation, highlighted in the model used and the respondent’s answers. Linked to this was the gender differences, a new factor arising from the data collected, emphasising the difficulties linked to teleworking but affecting a proactive use of digital tools, and hence lowering the work productivity. Even though there were differences, there were also parables showing that acceptance, attitude, and involvement in the implementation, among other factors are crucial for an openness towards digitalization. Finally, these factors and their relationship with digital implementation as well as the pandemic were explored trough a multi level framework.

The aim of this study was to investigate management and leadership at a distance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Eight managers from a large industrial company in Sweden currently working full time from home participated in the study, of which six were women. Semi structured interviews were carried out and the data was analyzed through thematic analysis which yielded 7 themes accompanied by 5 subthemes. Not being in the same physical space removes informal interactions, and to combat this, formalization has increased. Tasks that do not lend themselves well to formalization, such as getting a feel for co-worker’s emotional state or creative work, were found to be more difficult. The managers workdays had a high number of digital meetings, and their way of working was changed through digital adaptations. While the availability of quality social interactions with co-workers was down, digital meetings were used to keep interactions up within the work group. While work environment management was harder, work requiring heavy focus was described as more efficient when teleworking. Overall, the situation surrounding COVID-19 has been challenging for managers, but the digital space has evolved quickly, and work has still been able to function surprisingly well.

The prevalent enhancements in technologies alongside with globalization have given rise tomore flexible ways of operating, invoking the phenomena of working virtually. Telework is aform of a virtual workplace, where employees occasionally work on dispersed locations awayfrom the office. Previous research has found a positive correlation between job satisfaction andthe opportunity to telework much due to the flexibility the work arrangement offers. However,when delving deeper into the subject and employees’ understanding of the phenomenon,previous literature has found mixed perceptions among employees. In contrast to solelyexperiencing satisfaction in combination to telework some employees have reported it issuinga negative impact on their private life. Hence, the contradicting findings mentioned opened upfor additional research on the subject. This study aimed to contribute to the discourse by furtherexploring employees’ perceptions of telework; the opportunity to do so, and its impact on jobsatisfaction. The findings indicated that the employees perceived the opportunity to teleworkas providing additional value to the workplace. This as it primarily facilitated a better work andlife balance, as time could be managed more free- and efficiently. In conclusion, telework wassuggested to contribute to a higher level of job satisfaction.