所謂電傳勞動(telework)，是指勞動者位在自身勞務成果受領人只要營業場所之工作站，藉電腦資訊技術及電子通訊設備為勞務給付活動之特殊勞動型態。其構想與實踐發端於1970年代，也引起不同學科領域研究者及實務界的重視與討論。曾有相當多樂觀的論者認為，電傳勞動可提供工業革命以降人員、物資集中化所導致眾多社會問題之解決契機，並預言在二十世紀結束之前，隨資訊科技日新月異、環保意識抬頭及勞動人口工作觀念變遷，電傳勞動必將成為工業先進國家居民主流的工作方式。儘管歷經三十餘年的發展、演進，電傳勞動雖未如早先預期般迅速擴張，但從其溫和、緩慢成長之趨勢看來，電傳勞動在未來仍有不可忽視的發展潛力。 自勞動關係(employment relations)的角度出發，由於電傳勞動在技術使用、職場空間與組織關係的特殊性格，讓傳統針對工廠及辦公室作業體制之社會規範系統遭遇全面性的挑戰。隨著有償性工作透過電腦網路向家庭、社區，乃至於任何可架設資訊設備之地點分散，包含勞動條件基準、勞工安全衛生等以事業單位為規範對象之法令即難以藉由行政檢查落實；新型態的作業流程與組織模式也限制了勞動者面對面接觸的機會，削弱工會與集體協商系統及其他廠場勞資共同決定制度運作之基礎。 此外，在雇主引入各式電傳工作設計以樽節經營成本、刺激生產效率、員工創意與組織靈活性之同時，與勞務彈性化密切相關的剝削，輻射能所促發的職業疾病，傳統職場人際關係解構所導致的工作不適應症、社會孤立感受，以及勞動者團結、交涉權力定位困難等問題，亦紛紛披戴著資訊社會副產品的外衣，悄悄登場於今日的工業社區舞台。如何對現象做不同層次的分析，掌握問題之本質，進而就所獲知識對新工業生活規則輸出方向及方式提出實質建議，使勞動者權益不致因技術條件變動而遭受損害，則是急待研究者關切之議題。 本研究採用Strauss and Corbins(1990)所建議之文獻分析技術，嘗試於整理1976至2000年間，包括：勞資關係、勞動法學、資訊管理、人力資源管理、交通運輸學、未來學、女性研究等學門針對電傳勞動關係研究所累積專論之過程中找尋問題範疇，再以個別、集體勞動關係作為論述主軸加以發展、呈現。全文計分六章一十四節，於第一章中詳述研究動機、方法及章節架構；研究主題之定義及概念則在第二章加以掌握，之後合併地三章對電傳勞動之技術基礎與社會意涵之討論提供為文繼續深入探討之一班性脈絡。第四、五章屬本研究之重心，分析電傳勞動對既有工業社區規範造成之衝擊與當事人回應對策；第六章歸納前術章節所有範疇形成結論，並對政府、雇主及工會組織提出具體之建議。

Telecommuting has recieved significant attention over the last few years, and organisations have considered having people work form home part of the time. This study focuses on how telecommuting have developed in three cases. The organisational impact when a group of people telecommuted was studied. The findings were that telecommuting had limited impact on the surrounding organisation, but was positive for the telecommuters. Impact on management and co-ordination was low, and communication patterns and media use remained largely unchanged. Work patterns for the telecommuters changed, but roles and tasks remained the same. The positive impact for the telecommuters related to a better control over their work situation and a percieved productivity increase. The development over time showed a decrease in telecommuting in the studied organisations. The found low sucess of telecommuting in combination with the percieved advantages and the low impact on the surrounding organisation may have several underlying factors. Communication media, and the need for rich communication, may play an important role in the slow development of telecommuting. Underlying mechanisms such as the strive for organisational coherence, symbolic aspects of telecommuting and institutional aspects are proposed to influence the adaption of telecommuting. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1999

Abstract Enabled by the development of information technologies, telecommuting and telework have been incorporated into organizations for around 30 years. However, there still exists resistance to this work arrangement, particularly from middle-level managers. Formal knowledge about how to manage telework is needed to keep the managers better informed. I conducted a qualitative exploratory study to investigate how managers exercise controls in the telework environment and examined the role of the use of information technologies in organizational controls in this work environment. Based on interview data with people from two work groups that participate in telework program, I found that the managers exercise a portfolio of controls that consist all four documented control forms (outcome, behavior, clan and self control), and controlling the employees’ adoption and use of information technologies is a new form of behavior control in the telework environment.

Work and family are the most important spheres of human¡¦s life. These two spheres are not independent of each other. Work-family conflict arises when negative attitudes intrude into the other domain, or when experiences and intense involvement in one domain interfere with active participation in the other domain. It may cause absenteeism or turnover intentions. However, employees whose organizations provided work-family support report less work-to-family conflict. Telework is a common work-family supportive strategy. Teleworkers can periodic work out of the principal office, one or more days per week either at home, in a client¡¦s site, or in a teleworker center and aided by computer and telecommunication. Moreover, SOHO (Small Office, Home Office) is another popular work arrangement nowadays. Comparing with teleworkers, they are self-employed. Although combining work and family may help employees balance their work and family, the blurring of the boundary always make them feel even they are home they can¡¦t get away from work. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the work-family conflict, sex division of labor, job involvement and work-family conflict of these working-at-home employees. Below are the discoveries of this thesis: 1.The boundary between work and family is dynamic. When the life cycle of work and family changes the boundaries also changes. 2.Homeworkers did perceive work-family conflicts. Within six types of work-family conflicts, time-based work-to-family conflicts, strain-based work-to-family conflicts and strain-based family-to-work conflicts were the biggest problems for them. 3.The reasons why they choose working at home were work-related. Even women with children didn¡¦t work at home for family-related reasons. Moreover, almost all couples shared responsibility for housework. But working at home was not the only reason for the change of the sex division of labor. 4.Almost all homeworkers admitted that their job involvements were too high. The high job involvements might due to their work values, family values and family support.

Darbe atlikta užimtumo vaidmens neįgaliųjų socialinės integracijos procese analizė ir neįgaliųjų integracijos į darbo rinką naudojantis informacinėmis ir ryšių technologijomis galimybių analizė, apibūdintos pagrindinės neįgaliųjų profesinės reabilitacijos ir įdarbinimo problemos, nurodoma ypatinga užimtumo kokybės reikšmė neįgaliesiems. Neįgaliųjų užimtumas susietas su šalies socialinių ir užimtumo kokybės modeliu. Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėjus neįgaliųjų užimtumo bei nuotolinio darbo būklę ir galimybes, sukurti Lietuvos neįgaliųjų nuotolinio darbo organizavimo modelį, pasiūlyti jo diegimo būdus, įvertinti neįgaliųjų užimtumo kokybę. Lietuvos neįgaliųjų profesinės reabilitacijos ir įdarbinimo sistemos ekspertinė analizė atskleidė šios sistemos trūkumus bei leido nustatyti reikiamus pakeitimus, kurie sudarys sąlygas tobulinti šią sistemą ir kurti bendrą neįgaliųjų nuotolinio darbo sistemą. Autorės sukurtas neįgaliųjų nuotolinio darbo modelis tinka dabartinei neįgaliųjų profesinės reabilitacijos ir įdarbinimo sistemai tobulinti. Sukurtas neįgaliųjų nuotolinio darbo modelis pritaikytas prie dabartinės neįgaliųjų profesinės reabilitacijos sistemos sąlygų. Tyrimas bei jo rezultatai bus naudingi tobulinant Lietuvos neįgaliųjų profesinės reabilitacijos sistemą, taikant neįgaliųjų nuotolinio darbo organizavimo modelį. Darbe pateiktos neįgaliųjų nuotolinio darbo organizavimo praktinės rekomendacijos. Tyrimo rezultatai suteikė galimybę nustatyti veiksnius, nuo kurių priklauso neįgaliųjų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Analysis of disabled persons’ employment role in social integration process and analysis of opportunities of disabled persons integration in labour market using information and communication technologies were accomplished in work, the main problems of disabled persons professional rehabilitation and employment were described, the particular importance of employment quality for disabled persons was indicated. Disabled persons’ employment is connected with social and employment quality model of state. The purpose of research is analysing opportunities and condition of disabled persons’ employment and telework to create organisational model of disabled persons’ telework, to suggest opportunities of its implementation, to evaluate disabled persons’ employment quality. Experts’ analysis of present system of disabled persons’ professional rehabilitation and employment revealed the weak aspects of this system and let to establish required changes that will create conditions for improvement of this system and for creation of universal system of disabled persons’ telework. Created by author model of disabled persons’ telework is suitable for improvement of present system of disabled persons’ rehabilitation and employment. Created model of disabled persons’ telework was fitted to conditions of present system of disabled persons’ professional rehabilitation. Dissertational research and its results would be useful for improvement of Lithuanian system of disabled persons’ professional... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Corpo da tese.pdf: 1186137 bytes, checksum: 291c6731b31f0a32fca79297a418b8c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-02-17 / The present study analyzes the significance and the implications of telework in the professorship of college level in Brazil, objectifying to demonstrate the benefits and applications derived of this process for the practical college teacher, also the ample functional fan derived from telework applied in the work of the university professor. Using a study of case promoted together to the professors of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), the research evaluates the relation of the teaching work with telework and, also, the impacts, benefits and problems that will be able to occur in result of the implantation of telework for the professors of the UFMS. Consequently, a quantitative and descriptive analysis was made, being that the analysis descriptive statistics served of base for generics inferences of qualitative nature. From the results of the field research, that used as main instrument questionnaire with open and closed questions, the study concludes inside that telework is a viable possibility and, on its limitations, beneficial for the superior teaching work. / O presente estudo analisa a significância e as implicações do teletrabalho na docência de nível superior no Brasil, objetivando demonstrar os benefícios e aplicações advindos desse processo para a prática professoral superior, assim como o amplo leque funcional derivado do teletrabalho aplicado no labor do professor universitário. Utilizando-se de um estudo de caso promovido junto aos docentes da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SUL (UFMS), a pesquisa avalia a relação do trabalho docente com o teletrabalho e, também, os impactos, benefícios e problemas que poderão ocorrer em decorrência da implantação do teletrabalho aos docentes da UFMS. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise quantitativa e descritiva, sendo que a análise estatística descritiva serviu de base para inferências generalizadoras de natureza qualitativa. A partir dos resultados da pesquisa de campo, que utilizou como instrumento principal questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, o estudo conclui que o teletrabalho é uma possibilidade viável e, dentro de suas limitações, benéfica para o trabalho docente superior.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir o teletrabalho perante o Direito do Trabalho e as grandes transformações advindas do processo tecnológico. Os fatores que favorecem a disseminação do trabalho a distância e a domicílio. Nesta trajetória, exploramos as alterações ambientais onde as organizações estão buscando alternativas viáveis para seus negócios, estruturas organizacionais e formas de trabalho. Dentro desse ambiente de mutações, existem profissionais que percebem a relevância das inovações nas organizações, como é o caso do teletrabalho. A partir dessa expectativa, surge o Processo de Teletrabalho, como uma alternativa moderna de gestão empresarial, sob o enfoque das alternativas de trabalho flexível para tornar as empresas mais competitivas e dinâmicas, diferentes daquelas outras que ainda estão perigosamente acostumadas à estabilidade e à rotina do trabalho tradicional. Para tanto, percorremos as direções já abertas pela doutrina, juntando um enfoque sociológico sistêmico, aberto, que nos permite repensar o mundo do trabalho e os desafios na sociedade pós-industrial. Com isso, faz-se necessária uma nova sociologia para observar as transformações nas relações de trabalho concomitantes ao novo paradigma produtivo e tecnológico. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-15T17:57:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Leticia M E Lenuzza.pdf: 570618 bytes, checksum: ebb104897bdc0bbc845b93edf2685d92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-15T17:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Leticia M E Lenuzza.pdf: 570618 bytes, checksum: ebb104897bdc0bbc845b93edf2685d92 (MD5) / This study aims to discuss the telework before the Labour Rights and the huge transformations resulting from the technological process, as well as the factors that favour the dissemination of the labour both at distance and at home. Following this trajectory we explored the environmental modifications where organizations are looking for viable alternatives for their businesses, organizational structures and labour ways. Within this environment of mutations there exist professionals that perceive the relevance of innovations in the organizations, such as the telework. From this expectation arises the Telework Process, as a modern alternative of enterpreuneurial management, under the view of flexible labour alternatives, aiming to make the enterprises more competitive and dynamic, different from those that are still dangerously used to stability and to the routine of the traditional work. In order to reach our goal we followed the directions already opened by the doctrine, adding a systemic sociologic focus, opened, that allows us to rethink the labour world and the challenges of the post-industrial society. This brings about the need of a new sociology to observe the transformations in labour relations concomitantly to a new technological and productive paradigm.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir o teletrabalho perante o Direito do Trabalho e as grandes transformações advindas do processo tecnológico. Os fatores que favorecem a disseminação do trabalho a distância e a domicílio. Nesta trajetória, exploramos as alterações ambientais onde as organizações estão buscando alternativas viáveis para seus negócios, estruturas organizacionais e formas de trabalho. Dentro desse ambiente de mutações, existem profissionais que percebem a relevância das inovações nas organizações, como é o caso do teletrabalho. A partir dessa expectativa, surge o Processo de Teletrabalho, como uma alternativa moderna de gestão empresarial, sob o enfoque das alternativas de trabalho flexível para tornar as empresas mais competitivas e dinâmicas, diferentes daquelas outras que ainda estão perigosamente acostumadas à estabilidade e à rotina do trabalho tradicional. Para tanto, percorremos as direções já abertas pela doutrina, juntando um enfoque sociológico sistêmico, aberto, que nos permite repensar o mundo do trabalho e os desafios na sociedade pós-industrial. Com isso, faz-se necessária uma nova sociologia para observar as transformações nas relações de trabalho concomitantes ao novo paradigma produtivo e tecnológico. / This study aims to discuss the telework before the Labour Rights and the huge transformations resulting from the technological process, as well as the factors that favour the dissemination of the labour both at distance and at home. Following this trajectory we explored the environmental modifications where organizations are looking for viable alternatives for their businesses, organizational structures and labour ways. Within this environment of mutations there exist professionals that perceive the relevance of innovations in the organizations, such as the telework. From this expectation arises the Telework Process, as a modern alternative of enterpreuneurial management, under the view of flexible labour alternatives, aiming to make the enterprises more competitive and dynamic, different from those that are still dangerously used to stability and to the routine of the traditional work. In order to reach our goal we followed the directions already opened by the doctrine, adding a systemic sociologic focus, opened, that allows us to rethink the labour world and the challenges of the post-industrial society. This brings about the need of a new sociology to observe the transformations in labour relations concomitantly to a new technological and productive paradigm.

Identificar como a tecnologia da informação e seu uso estratégico têm contribuído, ou não, com a promoção e com a gestão da qualidade de vida no trabalho. Foram analisadas questões macroeconômicas, como o ambiente globalizado e virtualizado, e a formação de uma nova sociedade baseada na informação e no conhecimento. Em função destes fatores-chaves da pesquisa, o objetivo central foi entender os impactos destas mudanças nas organizações e nas relações humanas com o trabalho, identificando como estas mudanças estão relacionadas à tecnologia da informação. A partir de extensa revisão bibliográfica, que gerou a fundamentação teórica, e da escolha pela metodologia de estudo de caso realizou-se um levantamento qualitativo e quantitativo, identificando em uma realidade organizacional os conceitos apresentados, procurando descrever quais os efeitos que as práticas em tecnologia da informação têm contribuído para o alcance de bem-estar e conforto para as pessoas na empresa. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a tecnologia da informação provoca mudanças nas relações do trabalhador com o ambiente. Foram identificadas alterações em função da nova realidade proporcionada pela execução remota das atividades profissionais por meio do teletrabalho. Estas alterações foram percebidas nas dimensões biológicas, psicológicas e sociais do ser humano. E, conseqüentemente, a relação do trabalhador com a empresa muda para adaptar-se à nova dinâmica organizacional. E para minimizar os possíveis efeitos negativos destas alterações e dar o suporte necessário para a obtenção de melhores resultados, a Gestão de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho seria uma alternativa interessante. Por meio da Gestão de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, os colaboradores (não só os teletrabalhadores) terão melhores condições de desempenhar suas tarefas, com conforto e bem-estar. E a empresa, com os prováveis e maiores comprometimento e satisfação dos trabalhadores, conseqüentemente, estará preparada para superar os desafios e alcançar as metas desejadas num ambiente mais complexo e competitivo. / To identify as the information technology and its strategic use have contributed, or not, with the promotion and the management of the quality of work life. Macroeconomic questions had been analyzed, as globalization and the virtual environment, and also the formation of a new society based on the information and the knowledge. In function of these factors keys of the research, the central objective was to understand the impacts of these changes in the organizations and the relation human beings with the work, identifying as these changes are related to the information technology. From extensive bibliographical revision, generating theoretical recital, and of the choice for the methodology of case study, a qualitative and quantitative survey was become fulfilled, identifying in a organizational reality the presented concepts, looking for to describe which the effect that the practices in information technology have contributed for the reach of well-being and comfort for the people in the company. The reached results demonstrate that the information technology provokes changes in the relations of the worker with the environment. Alterations had been identified in function of the new reality for the remote execution of the professional activities by means of telework. These alterations had been perceived in the biological, psychological and social dimensions of the human being. And, consequently, the relation of the worker with the company changes to adapt it the new organizational dynamics. And to minimize the possible negative effects of these alterations and to give the necessary support for the achievement of better profits, the Management of Quality of Work Life would be an interesting alternative. By means of the Management of Quality of Work Life, all collaborators (not only the teleworkers) will have better conditions to perform its tasks, with comfort and well-being. And the company, with probable and more commitment and satisfaction of the worker, consequently, will be prepared to surpass the challenges and to reach the goals desired in an environment more complex and competitive.

O teletrabalho é uma nova forma de trabalho flexível, decorrente das evoluções tecnológicas observadas nos últimos tempos. Com o desenvolvimento da informática e a introdução das telecomunicações nas relações de trabalho, o teletrabalho ganha cada vez mais espaço, transformando as tradicionais relações laborais. Destarte, o teletrabalho pode ser conceituado como trabalho desenvolvido total ou parcialmente à distância, em lugar distinto da sede da empresa, com utilização prevalente das tecnologias de informática e telecomunicações. Em vez do trabalhador se deslocar até a empresa para realização do trabalho, é o trabalho quem se desloca até o trabalhador, onde quer que ele esteja. Esta moderna forma de trabalho, com o desenvolvimento das atividades à distância, fora da sede da empresa, exige uma flexibilização também nas definições de subordinação e identificação do poder diretivo, que passam a ter seus conceitos ampliados, gerando impacto também na esfera jurídica. Diante desta nova realidade cada vez mais presente no mundo laboral, importante se faz um estudo aprofundado sobre o conceito de teletrabalho, sua natureza jurídica, suas possíveis modalidades, vantagens e desvantagens e regulamentação, ainda precária, mas muito necessária. O estudo pretende mergulhar na doutrina existente sobre o tema, bem como nos ensinamentos que podemos extrair da experiência estrangeira. Não menos importante é o respeito ao diálogo social, promovido por representantes das empresas e empregados, com o objetivo de garantir os objetivos empresariais na modernização das relações laborais, mas sem esquecer da preservação e respeito aos direitos laborais garantidos e conquistados ao longo da história, em especial no que se refere à saúde e segurança do trabalhador. Somente através do estudo aprofundado sobre o tema e do respeito ao diálogo social conseguiremos ter sucesso no desenrolar de mais este capítulo dentro do direito do trabalho brasileiro. / Telework is a new flexible labor form, resulting from technological development newly observed. With technology information development and telecommunication introduction in labor relations, the telework is gaining more space, changing traditional labor relations. Telework may be conceptualized, in different premisses from corporate sites, as a distant wholly or parttly labor execution, using the information technology and telecomunications. Instead of going to the company the work goes to the worker, wherever he is. This modern working way, with distant activities development, outside the corporate offices, also requires flexibility in subordination definition and directive power identification, which now have expanded their concepts, causing impact also in legal field. In face of this new reality, increasingly present in world´s labor, it is important to study telework concept, its legal nature, its many different possibilities, advantages and disadvantages, and regulations, still sparingly, but very necessary. The study aims to dive into existing doctrine on the subject, as well as the lessons we can draw from foreign experience. Not less important is the social dialogue respect , settled between the companys representatives and the employees, in order to ensure business objectives related to labor relations modernization, but not forgetting labor rights preservation and respect, guaranteed and conquered throughout history, especially regarding worker´s health and safety. Only through a deep study of the subject and respect for social dialogue we may succeed in building up this chapter in Brazilian labor law.