O objetivo da presente dissertação consiste em analisar o sublime, um conceito estético que vem sendo estudado desde os primeiros séculos. Tomamos como base a definição do sublime como algo paradoxal que cria o prazer e o medo ao mesmo tempo. Porém, o sublime apresenta especificidades que variam de acordo com o filósofo analisado. Neste trabalho, três críticos foram estudados: Longinus, Edmund Burke e Immanuel Kant. Assim, o sublime pode ser representado através da imensidão da natureza, do poder de uma criatura sobrenatural ou, até mesmo, através da sexualidade feminina. E, com o intuito de exemplificar essas diferentes perspectivas do sublime, buscamos obras da Literatura Gótica. Sendo esta uma vertente literária que buscava a oposição ao racionalismo trazido pelo movimento iluminista, as características sublimes foram essenciais para enfatizar a emoção. Para tal exemplificação, utilizamos trechos de dois romances góticos dos séculos XVIII e XIX, respectivamente: The Monk escrito por Matthew Lewis e Dracula escrito por Bram Stoker / The objective of the present work is to analyze the sublime, an aesthetic concept which several theorists have been studying since the first centuries. Taking into consideration a definition which considers the sublime as something paradoxical raising pleasure and pain at the same time. However, there are some specificties which vary according to the philosopher being analyzed. This work deals with three of them: Longinus, Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant. So, the sublime can be represented by the vastness of nature, the power of a supernatural creature or, even, by the female sexuality. And, in order to exemplify these different perspectives of the sublime, we chose important novels in the Gothic literature. Since this type of fiction is aimed at opposing to the rationality brought by the Enlightenment, the sublime characteristics were essential to emphasize emotions. In order to exemplify this, two gothic novels were taken into consideration: The Monk written by Matthew Lewis in the 18th century and Dracula by Bram Stoker in the 19th century

Since World War II, the executive branch has dominated foreign policy and national security decisions, expanding war powers well beyond the president’s constitutional purview. Aided by a complicit Congress, the president has bypassed the legislator and unilaterally prosecuted some of the United States’ bloodiest conflicts. Continuing this tradition of executive overreach, Congress passed the Authorization for the Use of Military Force (AUMF) on September 14, 2001, which ostensibly empowered the president to pursue those responsible for the 9/11 attacks, namely al Qaeda and the nations supporting them. However, the broadly-worded force authorization and equally far-reaching legal interpretations by the executive branch turned the AUMF into a nearly limitless authorization. Since its passage, the AUMF has provided the legal backstop for the war in Afghanistan, drone strikes in Yemen, Somalia, Pakistan, and elsewhere, National Security Agency surveillance, and the Guantanamo Bay detention facility. Enabled by the AUMF, the “war on terror” has eroded civil liberties, allowed extrajudicial killings, and transformed the conflict with al Qaeda into a war without end. In order to end the destructive legacies of the war on terror and begin to reverse the trend of executive overreach, Congress and the president should repeal the AUMF and update the force authorization regime.

[Material:] Uppsatsen analyserar Gun-Britt Sundströms svensköversättning av Charlotte Brontës roman Jane Eyre (1999) och två filmatiseringar från år 1997 och 2011.[Syfte:] Att studera och jämföra vilka gotiska grepp som används i romanen Jane Eyre och filmatiseringarna från 1997 och 2011, och vilka gotiska effekter som dominerar samt om effekterna påverkas när texten blir film?[Teori/Metod:] Uppsatsen utgår ifrån valda gotiska begrepp som: det sublima, terror, horror och spänning (suspense).[Resultat:] Analysens resultat visade att samtliga valda gotiska begrepp och dess effekter finns i samtliga verk. Det sublima och terror är de effekter som visade sig dominera i romanen och filmatiseringarna. Avslutningsvis visade det sig att de gotiska effekterna minskade på grund av filmatiseringarnas komprimerade handling.

According to Terror Management Theory (TMT; Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) a key function of cultural worldviews is facilitating people's belief that they are different from animals and therefore more than physical creatures fated to obliteration upon death. We sought to investigate the relationship between peoples’ perceived similarity to animals (PSA) and their investment in their ingroup cultural-worldviews, creativity and personal achievement, as ways of managing their awareness of death. We focused on four central hypotheses: (1) high faith in cultural worldviews should reduce PSA; (2) people who view themselves less similar to animals (low-PSA) should be more invested in their cultural worldview, especially after death primes; (3) people who view themselves as more similar to animals (high-PSA), should invest more in personal achievement and creativity as a terror management strategy and (4) be more prone to experience anxiety, particularly after a threat to their creativity. Supporting Hypotheses 1 and 2 we found that: validation of cultural worldviews reduces PSA (Study 1); low-PSA individuals cared more about their ingroup identity and worldviews and perceived other cultures as more different (Studies 2a-2b); after death primes low-PSA individuals defended their groups' cultural worldview more (Studies 3-4), and liked people from other cultures less (Studies 5-6). Hypothesis 3 was partially supported: PSA was positively correlated to importance of creativity, openness and performance on a creativity task (Studies 7, 9 and 10), but it was not correlated with self-reported or projected need for achievement (Studies 7 and 8), or with creative story writing (Studies 8). Hypothesis 4 was also partially supported: PSA was positively related to trait-anxiety (Study 9), and to levels of death thought accessibility (Study 10), and high-PSA individuals experienced more anxiety after receiving negative feedback about their creativity (Study 10). The implications these findings to the field of social psychology are discussed.

Les parasomnies forment un ensemble de troubles du sommeil caractérisés par la survenue de comportements ou de phénomènes psychiques indésirables au cours du sommeil. Les parasomnies du sommeil lent profond (SLP) regroupent le somnambulisme, les terreurs nocturnes et les éveils confusionnels et surviennent au décours d’éveils brutaux en SLP. Elles s’associent souvent chez un même individu et pourraient représenter des variantes cliniques d’une même pathologie.Longtemps considérées comme des troubles bénins du sommeil, les données actuelles soulignent les conséquences des parasomnies, avec des mises en danger et un retentissement fonctionnel diurne. Nos trois premiers travaux ont permis une meilleure caractérisation du phénotype et des conséquences des parasomnies, en particulier sur le plan de la somnolence et des phénomènes douloureux chroniques. Près de la moitié des adultes parasomniaques rapportaient une plainte de somnolence diurne excessive associée à une propension marquée au sommeil sur les premières heures de la journée. Nous retrouvions une fréquence élevée de douleurs chroniques, de céphalées et de migraine. Par ailleurs nous avons décrit un phénomène fréquent d’hypo/analgésie au cours des accès parasomniaques.Le diagnostic des parasomnies du SLP repose uniquement sur des éléments cliniques, sans critères polysomnographiques objectifs. Si des travaux récents suggèrent que les parasomnies sont associées à des altérations discrètes de la microstructure du SLP, les performances diagnostiques de ces paramètres n’ont pas fait l’objet d’études spécifiques. Nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode d’analyse polysomnographique qui offre de bonnes performances de classification chez des adultes parasomniaques et des sujets témoins.Malgré cinq décennies d’études cliniques et expérimentales, la physiopathologie de ces parasomnies reste mal connue. Un modèle permet de conceptualiser les mécanismes de la maladie. Chez un patient prédisposé génétiquement, certaines conditions responsables d’une instabilité du SLP favorisent la survenue d’un éveil dissocié précipité par un stimulus éveillant. Nos travaux en cours et futurs porteront sur l’étude de ces mécanismes au moyen de techniques innovantes de génétique, d’électrophysiologie et d’imagerie fonctionnelle. / Parasomnias are sleep disorders characterized by undesirable behavioral or experiential phenomena occurring during sleep. Disorders such as sleepwalking (somnambulism), sleep terrors and confusional arousal are classified under the term “Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep-related parasomnias” as they frequently occur during sudden arousals from slow wave sleep. They often coexist within the same individual and are considered as different phenotypes for a similar underlying pathophysiology.The widespread belief that NREM parasomnias are benign disorders is actually challenged as they can result in various adverse consequences such as violent and injurious behaviors and daytime functional impairment. Our first three studies investigated the clinical phenotype and the consequences of NREM parasomnias, especially subjective and objective daytime sleepiness and chronic pain. We found that almost an half of sleepwalkers had complaint of sleepiness with an increased objective sleep propensity in the morning. We also reported a high frequency of chronic pain, headaches and migraine in patients and described a frequent analgesia phenomenon during injurious parasomniac episodes.The diagnosis of NREM parasomnias is usually made from clinical history, without polysomnographic-based diagnostic criteria. If recent works suggested that NREM parasomnia were associated with subtle changes on the NREM microstructure, the diagnostic performances of these parameters have been poorly studied with appropriate design. We developed a new polysomnographic scoring method that offers a good classification rate of NREM parasomnia patients and controls.Despite almost five decades of clinical and laboratory investigations, the pathophysiology of NREM parasomnias remains poorly understood. One model is currently used to conceptualize the mechanisms of the disease. A predisposed patient is primed by conditions that impair slow wave sleep stability resulting in dissociated arousal precipitated by arousing stimuli. Our further works will investigate the pathophysiology of NREM parasomnia using innovative genetic, electrophysiological and functional imagery approaches.

This thesis focuses on the presence of mobbing and its forms in a chosen health care facility, its aim is to prove awareness of this phenomenon by the superiors and their knowledge about solution techniques. The goal of this thesis is to find out the influence of mobbing on the atmosphere at a working place (efficiency), eventually if its presence is observed by patients.

Cette thèse s’articule autour de trois volets. Tout d’abord, la genèse de concept du trauma, ses effets cliniques, puis son abord psychanalytique, et enfin la conduite à tenir face à ces sujets souffrants depuis leur rencontre raté avec l’éventualité de la mort. C’est ce paradoxe, cette énigme qui fait appel à la psychanalyse pour essayer d’appréhender ce qui conduit un sujet souffrant à consulter un psychanalyste. Les catastrophes ont toujours marqué la vie des hommes. Par leur effet de surprise, et lorsqu’elles épargnent la vie du sujet, elles le laissent sous l’emprise de l’effroi y inscrivant la trace du réel de la mort. Cette rencontre blesse l’appareil psychique. Elle y fait effraction, lève le fantasme d’immortalité et y introduit l’image de la scène traumatique que FREUD nomme un « corps étranger interne ». Etranger car la mort est inconnue de l’inconscient. C’est à FREUD que revient le mérite de mettre en lumière le concept de traumatisme psychique. Le concept de trauma devient la pierre angulaire de la doctrine psychanalytique. Il l’a traverse et demeure au centre de ses travaux, la menant progressivement à prendre forme. Du traumatisme sexuel par séduction réelle, il devient fantasmatique naissant d’une mise en scène imaginaire. C’est à partir de ce concept de trauma que FREUD concevra la théorie des névroses. Puis le premier conflit mondial et le cataclysme de la guerre vinrent confronter l’humanité à l’effroi de la rencontre de la mort. Ainsi la doctrine freudienne ne va pas cesser de s’enrichir jusqu’au départ du Maître de Vienne fuyant la barbarie pour Londres, où il publiera « L’Homme Moïse et la religion monothéiste » en y reprenant le concept du trauma dans sa totalité, donnant un nouvel éclairage à la psychanalyse. / This thesis opens around a three fold questionnaire. Firstly, the genesis of the concept of traumatic, its clinical effects, then its psychoanalytic approach and finally, the actions taken against these individuals suffering from their failed encounter with eventual death. It is this paradox, this puzzle that the psychoanalysis uses to try and learn what drives a suffering individual to consult a psychoanalyst.Catastrophe has always marked the lives of men. By their effect of surprise and when theysave the lives of individuals, thus leaving at trace of the reality of terror and death. This encounter injures the psyche. It breaks the fantasy of immortality introducing the image of the traumatic science, wich FREUD named « an internal foreign body ». Strange, because death is not known to the unconscious. Freud merits the discovery of the concept of traumatic psyche. The concept of the trauma becomes the corner stone of psychoanalytic approach. Progressively this approach took form all along his work and research. The sexual traumatism by real seduction becomes fantasmatic born of a built up of imagination. From this trauma, the concept of the theory of neurosis was developped by FREUD. The doctrine of Freud does not stop developping until the Master of Vienna flees to London where he publishes « Moses and the monotheism » putting together a synthesis oh his ideas in its totality, giving a new light on psychoanalyst.

This Master's thesis will focus on the newest trends in the field of United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations that are moving the organization to unknown territory by deploying in theatres where missions are faced with asymmetric threats. In this regard, the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), constituted as a groundbreaking and innovative peacekeeping operation, is spearheading a realignment in peacekeeping that can potentially shape future operations to come, as mandates increasingly reflect roles in areas such as counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism. The core objective of this study will be to analyze why MINUSMA is being forced to go green while studying how it is doing so, reflecting on past experiences from other operations such as the International Stabilization Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan and the Multi-National Force in Iraq (MNF-I), that have guided changes in MINUSMA's doctrines and capabilities. Gabriel van Oppen Ardanaz

There is a significant gap in employment rates between people born in and outside of Sweden. Previous literature and theory present evidence of discrimination being a part of the gap. This paper studies the differences in employment between foreign-born and natives in Sweden. The terror attack in Stockholm in 2017 is used as an exogenous variation in attitudes towards foreign-born individuals to measure the discrimination. By collecting individual and aggregated data from Swedish statistics, the study examines how the negative attitudes following the terror attack affect ethnical differences in employment. Data is also collected from retriever to analyze the media coverage around the time of the incident to pinpoint a source of the attack and compare with the development of the employment after the attack. Using the difference-in-differences approch, result was found suggesting that the expected negative attitudes did not affect foreign-born individuals' employment probabilities. However, there were some negative effects shortly after the attack, but they were very small. Results are in line with the large spike in media coverage around the time of the incident which quickly decreases in the months after. A possible explanation of the results is that most of the employers don't let prejudice decide when making hiring decisions. Because the negative effects are very small nd only in the short run, this paper concludes that the expected attitude shift following the terror attack did not affect immigrants' employment probabilities.

ČERMÁKOVÁ, DENISA. The Shining Path - Reasons of Failure. Prague: Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, 2011, 63 pp. Diploma Thesis. The thesis focuses on twenty years of existence of the Shining Path. The first part of this diploma is focused on history, activities and ideological principles of this guerilla group. Its activities represented a threat not only to government officials but also for the indigenous population. The activities of the Shining Path broke the effective functioning of the state, which was in a civil war. The work also analyzes the situation of the indigenous population, which became the main target of terror both the Shining Path and state power. When the Shining Path became the main source of political violence, Alberto Fujimori was elected a president. Fujimori with great support from the population began vigorous fight against guerrillas operating in Peru. The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Fujimori strategy of struggle against the Shining Path. The thesis also deals with the apparent shift toward the Fujimori regime authoritarian form of governance. The essential role was played in this struggle by the indigenous population that despite the initial sympathy to the members of the Shining Path stopped to support it. Keywords: Peru - the Shining...