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In the last 12 years, since the devastating attack on the United States Twin Towers on September 11, 2001, the global community has become increasingly wary. The continuing terrorism on July 7, 2005 on the United Kingdom subway system increased tensions between citizens and immigrants in these countries. I use these two countries to examine the consequences effects that these terrorist attacks have had on, in particular, the Muslim immigrant population. In addition to that, I use Germany as a control, since it has not faced a major terrorist attack, yet has a substantial Muslim immigrant population. In the United States and United Kingdom, I use public opinion data polls and immigration policies before and after the attacks. In Germany's case, I utilize the same data and to assess any correlation to the other two countries data. Using the literature already written, public opinion data polls and policy initiatives enacted before and after these attacks, I examine the overall effect, if any, on the Muslim immigrant population in these countries. The intent of this thesis is to explore if the significant changes in immigration policies after the attacks have occurred due to economic or cultural factors. Because public opinion is central to policy changes, I also consider the implications of public's views on immigration after the attacks, along with the effect all this has on the number of Muslim immigrants entering these countries.

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The aim of this work is explanation of the concept of homegrown terrorism based on an analysis of selected terrorist attacks; and creates a definition for this completely new phenomenon. For the processing of the topic I chose a comparative case study method, which is applied to the exploration of three terrorist attacks (terrorist attacks in London 2005, attacks in editorial office of Charlie Hebdo in 2015 and terrorist attacks in Paris 2015). Basic investigated dependent variable is homegrown terrorism and the independent variables are concepts "belonging" and "autonomy". Variables that are connected to the concept of "belonging" include the origin of the attackers and links to the Western countries, the concept of "autonomy" is linked to the independence of the attackers to terrorist groups abroad and self-training of the attackers and finally motives of the attackers include the role of religion, the social situation of the attackers and hatred of invaders towards the West. The variables above are applied to each terrorist attack separately in the form of table data. Each dependent and independent variable may be positive or negative. According to this research, I found that each particular attack was different in certain characteristics from the previous one and therefore it is difficult to...

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The rapidly growing threat to civilian populations from different terrorist organizations and nuclear states involved in regional conflicts require new unorthodox solutions. The purpose of this work is to analyze steps that have been taken on the European continent before and after September 11 in order to create a new, more efficient system of protection of the civilian population against CBRN terrorist attacks, and to explore NATO's role in the most problematic issues. The research examines what was done within NATO since 1998 by members of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in the field of improving population protection against the consequences of CBRN terrorist attacks in two dimensions: national and international. This evaluation leads to the argument that supports the importance of the creation of an international system of mutual assistance in case of CBRN terrorist attacks under NATO's leading role. / Lieutenant Colonel, Ministry for Emergencies of Ukraine

Terrorattentat orsakar ofta massförstörelse med civila offer, det sprider rädsla och leder till allvarliga konsekvenser för de som drabbas. För att hantera rädslan använder människor olika strategier. Syftet med studien var således att bidra till en nyanserad bild av människors rädsla för terrorattentat och hur de hanterar rädslan. Detta undersöktes genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer där frågorna baserades utifrån tre frågeställningar, “Hur beskriver människor sin rädsla för terrorattentat och vilka känslor beskrivs i relation till rädslan?”, “Varför upplever människor rädsla för terrorattentat?” och “Hur använder människor copingstrategier för att hantera rädslan för terrorattentat?” För att besvara dessa intervjuades tre kvinnor och tre män mellan åldrarna 21 och 29. Resultaten visade att rädslan dels innefattade indirekt och direkt utsatthet samt känslor som sårbarhet och ångest. Rädslan var också kopplad till särskilda platser och situationer. Vidare identifierades också att deltagarna använde sig av känslo- och problemfokuserad coping samt undvikande beteende för att hantera rädslan. Dessa resultat bekräftas i stort av tidigare forskning. / Terrorist attacks often causes mass destruction with civilian casualties, it spreads fear and leads to severe consequences for those who are victimized. To handle the fear, people use different strategies. The aim of this study was therefore to contribute to a nuanced depiction of people’s fear of terrorist attacks and how they handle the fear. This was examined through semi-structured interviews based on three issues; “How do people describe their fear of terrorist attacks and what emotions are described in relation to the fear?”, “Why do people experience fear of terrorist attacks?” and “Which coping strategies are being used to handle the fear of terrorist attacks?” To answer these, three women and three men between the ages 21 and 29 were interviewed. The results showed that fear partially included indirect and direct victimization as well as vulnerability and anxiety. Fear was also linked to specific places and situations. Furthermore, was also identified that the participants used emotion- and problem focused coping as well as avoidance behaviour to handle the fear. These results are mostly confirmed by previous research.

<p>The aim of this study was to find out if the use of the concepts ‘terrorism' and ‘organized crime' has changed after the event on 11 September, 2001 when terrorists attacked World Trade Center and Pentagon. In this study I make use of discourse theory in a way which is inspired by the writings of Winther Jorgensen and Phillips. Knowledge acquired through this research has been primarily generated from two Swedish Government Official Reports concerning questions arising from introducing secret police surveillance. In these reports, there are many opinions from authorities whom have given their thoughts on introducing new ways of policing which are very interesting to analyze. The results shows that the ways the concepts have been used have changed after the terrorists attacks. The same holds true for how the authorities describe their will to combat crime. Terrorism has been described as something that pose a near none existent problem before the terrorist attack, afterwards it is described as a risk that poses a major threat to the whole society. The organized crime has been described as something which has been going from a relatively controllable problem to one that undermines the judicial system and the democratic state.</p>

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, June, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-81)

The aim of this study was to find out if the use of the concepts ‘terrorism' and ‘organized crime' has changed after the event on 11 September, 2001 when terrorists attacked World Trade Center and Pentagon. In this study I make use of discourse theory in a way which is inspired by the writings of Winther Jorgensen and Phillips. Knowledge acquired through this research has been primarily generated from two Swedish Government Official Reports concerning questions arising from introducing secret police surveillance. In these reports, there are many opinions from authorities whom have given their thoughts on introducing new ways of policing which are very interesting to analyze. The results shows that the ways the concepts have been used have changed after the terrorists attacks. The same holds true for how the authorities describe their will to combat crime. Terrorism has been described as something that pose a near none existent problem before the terrorist attack, afterwards it is described as a risk that poses a major threat to the whole society. The organized crime has been described as something which has been going from a relatively controllable problem to one that undermines the judicial system and the democratic state.

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-52).