El tema de este proyecto de suficiencia profesional es el diseño y desarrollo de una propuesta de mejora del proceso de producción utilizando la metodología DMAIC Six Sigma y en cuáles son los principales beneficios que genera la implementación de este en el proceso productivo de una empresa de confección textil. Por ello, la hipótesis planteada es que los principales beneficios de implementar un modelo basado en el DMAIC Six Sigma en empresas de confección textil son: la reducción de merma, costos de reprocesos, así como el incremento de la competitividad de la empresa debido a que aumenta el prestigio de esta. El presente trabajo está dividido en cuatro capítulos. En el primero, se explicará la definición de las herramientas a utilizar para el diseño del modelo DMAIC Six Sigma y mencionar cuáles son los lineamientos que tiene toda empresa de confección textil. En el segundo, se realizará un diagnóstico y desarrollo de cuáles son los principales problemas dentro del proceso productivo del producto: set de cama, que confecciona una empresa de confección textil. En el tercero, se explicará de qué forma se utilizará la metodología DMAIC Six Sigma en el problema diagnosticado de una empresa de confección textil. En el cuarto, se realizará la simulación para la validación, se analizarán los impactos y riesgos de la alternativa escogida, como solución para el problema determinado. Finalmente, las conclusiones del proyecto de suficiencia profesional. / The subject of this professional sufficiency project is the design and development of a proposal to improve the production process using the DMAIC Six Sigma methodology and what are the main benefits generated by its implementation in the production process of a clothing company textile. Therefore, the hypothesis raised is that the main benefits of implementing a model based on the DMAIC Six Sigma in textile manufacturing companies are: the reduction of waste, reprocessing costs, as well as the increase in the competitiveness of the company because increases the prestige of this. The present work is divided into four chapters. In the first, the definition of the tools to be used for the design of the DMAIC Six Sigma model will be explained and what are the guidelines that every textile manufacturing company has. In the second, a diagnosis and development of what are the main problems within the production process of the product will be carried out: bed set, which is made by a textile manufacturing company. In the third, it will be explained how the DMAIC Six Sigma methodology will be used in the diagnosed problem of a textile manufacturing company. In the fourth, the simulation will be carried out for validation, the impacts and risks of the chosen alternative will be analyzed, as a solution for the determined problem. Finally, the conclusions of the professional sufficiency project. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 11 / Nenhuma / Os crescentes desafios competitivos têm exigido das empresas novas respostas e estratégias como forma de assegurar sua sobrevivência, ainda mais se forem de pequeno porte, em que as restrições e desafios são ainda maiores. O setor têxtil tem como características naturais a sua forte fragmentação devido a fatores históricos, baixas barreiras de entrada, economias de escala ou curva de experiência não representativa, vendas sazonais e baixo poder de barganha. Dentro do setor têxtil, encontra-se a indústria de malhas retilíneas que é objeto deste estudo, por meio da análise do aglomerado de malharias de Nova Petrópolis. Um dos objetivos principais desta pesquisa é a de avaliar se existem relações de cooperação entre as mais de cem empresas localizadas naquela cidade. Essas inter-relações podem potencializar ganhos de competitividade para os participantes, e nada mais são do que estratégias coletivas e complementares. A cooperação pode trazer vários benefícios dos quais se destacariam a aprendizagem coletiva, a a / The increasing competitive challenges have been requiring new answers and strategies from the companies as a means of assuring their survival, mainly if they are small size firms where the restrictions and difficulties are even higher. The textile sector has as natural characteristics a strong fragmentation due to historical factors, low entrance barriers, absence of scale economies or experience curves, seasonal sales and low bargain power. Inside the textile sector, we find the knitting industry that is the study object through the analysis of the knitting cluster from Nova Petrópolis. One of the main goals of this research is to evaluate the existence of cooperation relationships among the one hundred or more firms located in this city. These interrelations may strengthen competitive gains for the participants and in reality are complementary and collective strategies. The cooperation can bring various benefits where we can highlight the collective learning, market enlargement, costs and risks reduction,

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 142099.PDF.jpg: 20928 bytes, checksum: 63bc27794a77bef56ae640e0cc7ff9d9 (MD5) 142099.PDF: 1098317 bytes, checksum: 0ff5e208e40dfa2ede2dc61bafa0e018 (MD5) 142099.PDF.txt: 360667 bytes, checksum: 2813a5acef6f6ca2c147734b1edfb795 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-21T00:00:00Z / Verifica-se hoje, no Brasil, a emergência de uma série de estudos, tanto no lado acadêmico quanto no lado governamental e empresarial, relacionados às aglomerações industriais, mais notadamente clusters e Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs). Contudo, a maioria destes se direciona a abordagens metodológicas qualitativas, deixando o aspecto quantitativo ainda pouco explorado. Outro fato também constatado sobre estes estudos é que poucos são aqueles que se direcionam a avaliar o desempenho das firmas localizadas em aglomerações industriais, em comparação com as não aglomeradas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo preencher parcialmente esta lacuna. Marcado por uma abordagem quantitativa, buscou-se avaliar como as firmas aglomeradas se desempenham economicamente em relação às não aglomeradas. Dado o aparente ganho de competitividade do setor de confecções brasileiro e a importância relativa na economia que este voltou a adquirir após décadas de decadência, as firmas deste setor localizadas no estado de São Paulo foram as escolhidas para a análise. Para alcançarmos este objetivo, foi utilizada uma base de dados secundários que, conjugada com informações relativas às aglomerações industriais existentes no estado de São Paulo, permitiu avaliar o desempenho das firmas de confecções através de medidas relacionadas ao conceito de Valor Adicionado. Contrariando as expectativas geradas pela revisão de literatura, foi constatada a ausência de evidências que confirmem que as firmas localizadas em aglomerações industriais se desempenhem melhor do que as firmas não aglomeradas. Opondo-se de forma mais intensa às expectativas, foi constatado que as firmas localizadas na cidade de São Paulo, região com a maior aglomeração de firmas do setor de confecções, possuem seu desempenho econômico prejudicado. Todavia, dado o caráter exploratório do estudo, os resultados não devem ser generalizados, ficando estes restritos às empresas componentes da amostra. / Nowadays in Brazil, a set of studies are emerging, as much from the academic side as from the governmental and corporative side, concerning to the industrial agglomeration, mainly clusters and Local Productive Arrangements (LPAs). However, the majority of those studies are conducted trough approaches of qualitative methodology. Another evidence about such studies is that they seldom develop research towards the performance of the firms located in industrial agglomerations compared to other firms not agglomerated. This work had as objective to partially fulfill that gap. Determined by a quantitative approach, it aimed to evaluate how the agglomerated firms perform economically when compared with the ones that are not. Considering the apparent competitive advantage of the Brazilian textile sector and the relative economic relevance that it rebuilt after decades of decadence, firms from this sector located in São Paulo state were selected for analysis. To reach this goal, a secondary data base was used, together with information concerning the industrial agglomerations existing in São Paulo state, which has allowed evaluating the firms’ performance trough measures related to the concept of Added Value. Contrary to all expectations raised by the bibliographic review and preparatory research, no evidence that confirms that firms located in industrial agglomerations have better performance than the not agglomerated firms was found. Moreover, the research revealed that the firms located in São Paulo city, the region with the biggest agglomeration of firms of the textile sector, have their performance jeopardized Nevertheless, taking into account the exploratory nature of this study, the results should not be generalized to all the textile industry sector, remaining such results strictly adequate to the firms of the sample.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cidnei de Souza dos Santos.pdf: 1239099 bytes, checksum: 31e2447add77c1a833387487c0cb9372 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-07 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The aim of this research is to better understand the factors related to the integrated management systems and its influence on decisions made by managers of companies in the textile industry in Brazil. The design chosen to do this work was quantitative and descriptive. The data collection was done through electronic questionnaire and the rate os response was 52 participants from textile companies. The data analysis was done using the techniques of factor analysis and multiple linear regression with the assist of the program SPSS V17®. The data was collected between April and May 2011. As a result of the research, we have identified five factors directly linked to the characteristics of integrated management system and the decision making process of the respondents. Among these factors are: the integration and improvement of control, process standardization and improvement of results and business performance. The contribution of this work is that it can help managers of companies in the textile sector (or other sectors), which are in early stages or planning the implementation of integrated management system. / Com esta pesquisa, buscou-se um melhor entendimento sobre os fatores ligados aos Sistemas Integrados de Gestão (ERP) e a sua influencia na tomada de decisão dos gestores das empresas da área têxtil no Brasil. Para a sua consecução, realizou-se pesquisa quantitativa do tipo descritiva, sendo que a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário eletrônico respondido por 52 participantes de empresas têxteis. A análise dos dados foi efetuada com as técnicas da análise fatorial e análise de regressão linear múltipla, com o software SPSS® v17, visto que a amostra utilizada mostrou-se satisfatória para a aplicação dessas técnicas. A coleta dos dados foi realizada entre os meses de abril a maio de 2011. Como resultados da pesquisa, identificaram-se cinco fatores diretamente ligados às características dos sistemas integrados de gestão ERP) e a tomada de decisão do gestor das empresas têxteis que fizeram parte da pesquisa. Dentre esses fatores, destaquem-se: a Integração e Melhoria dos Controles; a Padronização de Processos e a Melhoria de Resultados e a Melhoraria no Desempenho Empresarial. Entenda-se que esses resultados podem, de alguma forma, auxiliar os gestores das empresas do setor têxtil ou de outros setores, que estão em fase inicial ou planejando a implantação de sistemas integrados de gestão como o ERP.

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue determinar la relación que existe entre las estrategias de gestión de retención del talento humano y la rotación de personal en el sector textil 2019, bajo una metodología de diseño no experimental, de corte transeccional correlacional, explorando los hechos directamente de los colaboradores mediante la recolección de los datos en un solo momento. Para ello se encuestaron 261 trabajadores de 9 empresas Top de Lima Centro, como muestra de estudio, y quienes se les aplico los instrumentos de estudio, cuyo valor de Alfa de Cronbach muestra una elevada (0.968), y aceptable confiabilidad (0.871). En los resultados se determinó un coeficiente de correlación inverso entre las variables, mediante la prueba de Rho de Spearman (rho= -0633) y un p valor = 0.000 menor al nivel de significancia establecido (p valor < 0.05), que conllevo al rechazo de la hipótesis nula y la aceptación de las hipótesis planteadas, concluyendo que: “Existe una relación significativa entre las estrategias de gestión de retención del talento humano y la rotación de personal en el sector textil 2019”. Así mismo, se determinó que la gestión estratégica aplicada por las empresas textiles para retener el recurso humano, es catalogada por el 48% de colaboradores en niveles moderados y por el 41% en niveles altos, mientras que la rotación de personal fue caracterizada por el 61% en niveles moderados y por el 30% en niveles bajos. / The main objective of the research was to determine the relationship that exists between the management strategies for the retention of human talent and the turnover of personnel in the textile sector 2019, under a non-experimental design methodology, of a transactional correlational cut, exploring the facts directly of collaborators by collecting data in a single moment. For this, 261 workers from 9 Top companies in Lima Centro were surveyed, as a study sample, and who were applied the study instruments, whose Cronbach's Alpha value shows a high (0.968), and acceptable reliability (0.871). In the results, an inverse correlation coefficient was determined between the variables, using Spearman's Rho test (rho = -0633) and a p value = 0.000 lower than the established level of significance (p value <0.05), which led to rejection. Of the null hypothesis and the acceptance of the hypotheses, concluding that: "There is a significant relationship between the management strategies for the retention of human talent and the turnover of personnel in the textile sector 2019". Likewise, it was determined that the strategic management applied by textile companies to retain human resources is classified by 48% of collaborators at moderate levels and by 41% at high levels, while staff turnover was characterized by the 61% at moderate levels and 30% at low levels. / Tesis

Las estrategias Lean en el sector Textil, la mayoría de las veces, están aplicadas en el área de producción con el objetivo de mejorar la productividad, reducir tiempos y errores en la producción, entre otros. Sin embargo, también hay estudios documentados, los cuales no son comunes en la literatura, para mejorar las operaciones de almacenamiento utilizando estas estrategias. En este estudio se muestra la implementación de la herramienta Lean 5S Hibrida en el almacén de una empresa textil en Lima. El objetivo de la implementación fue mejorar la productividad en el almacén, ya que presentaban altos tiempos en la búsqueda de materiales lo cual reducía el tiempo de producción; redistribuir el almacén, utilizando mejor el espacio que se tiene y poder ubicar los materiales principales de manera estratégica. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: aumento de la productividad en el almacén en 3.95 veces a la inicial, una exactitud de registro de inventarios de 98.17%, se redujeron los tiempos de búsqueda de requerimientos en un 66.12% (de 25 a 8 minutos) y se obtuvo una rotación de inventario de 6.22. / Lean strategies in the Textile sector, most of the time, are applied in the production area with the aim of improving productivity, reducing production times and errors, among others. However, there are also documented studies, which are not common in the literature, to improve storage operations using these strategies. This study shows the implementation of the Lean 5S Hybrid tool in the warehouse of a textile company in Lima. The objective of the implementation was to improve productivity in the warehouse, as they had high times in the search for materials which reduced production time; redistribute the warehouse, better using the space you have and be able to locate the main materials strategically. The results obtained were: increased productivity in the warehouse by 3.95 times to the initial, an inventory registration accuracy of 98.17%, reduced requirements search times by 66.12% (from 25 to 8 minutes) and obtained an inventory rotation of 6.22. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el propósito de evaluar el impacto económico generado por la derogación del reintegro tributario del impuesto general a las ventas (IGV) en las empresas comercializadoras de productos textiles del distrito de Iquitos ubicado en la selva del Perú. Esta investigación se realizó con la finalidad de analizar los efectos y cambios tanto económicos como corporativos generados en las empresas del sector textil a partir de la decisión del Estado peruano de derogar este beneficio tributario en diciembre del año 2018, el cual consistía en la devolución del impuesto general a las ventas pagado en las compras que realizaban los comerciantes de la región selva. Las empresas objeto de este estudio son las del sector textil, específicamente las empresas que han sido beneficiadas con el reintegro tributario del impuesto general a las ventas. Para formular nuestras hipótesis y analizar los cambios producto de la derogación, se establecieron dos dimensiones: el impacto en las expectativas empresariales y el impacto en los ratios financieros. El primero nos permitió comprobar los efectos producidos en las proyecciones e inversiones de los empresarios. Por otro lado, el segundo nos permitió comprobar los cambios en la situación financiera de las empresas. Las hipótesis planteadas fueron validadas mediante el uso de instrumentos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Por un lado, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a expertos en temas tributarios; por otro lado, se realizaron encuestas a las empresas del sector textil que fueron beneficiadas con el reintegro tributario del impuesto general a las ventas. / The present research work has the purpose of evaluating the economic impact of the repeal of the tax refund of the general sales tax in the textile product commercialization companies of the district of Iquitos located in the jungle of Peru. This research is carried out with the purpose of analyzing the effects and changes both economic and corporate generated in the companies of the textile sector from the decision of the Peruvian State to repeal this tax benefit in December 2018, which consisted of the refund of the general sales tax paid on purchases made by traders in the jungle region. The companies that are the object of this study are those in the textile sector, specifically the companies that have benefited from the tax refund of the general sales tax. In order to formulate our hypotheses and analyze the changes resulting from the derogation, two dimensions were established: the impact on business expectations and the impact on financial ratios. The first one allowed us to verify the effects produced on businessmen's projections and investments. On the other hand, the second allowed us to verify the changes in the financial situation of the companies. The hypotheses were validated through the use of qualitative and quantitative instruments. On the one hand, in-depth interviews were conducted with experts on tax issues; on the other hand, surveys were conducted with the textile sector companies that benefited from the tax reimbursement of the general sales tax. / Tesis

La gestión de almacén y compras en las pymes peruanas con producción a pedido presentan dificultades a diferencia de las grandes empresas, así, se tiene personal poco calificado, falta de financiamiento, pequeños tamaños de stock, procesos no definidos, ineficiente comunicación entre áreas y baja prioridad por parte de los proveedores. Por ello, no se puede aplicar los modelos de gestión de las grandes empresas. En adición, los modelos hallados, respecto a la gestión de compras y almacén, no se acoplan a las necesidades de una pyme textil con producción a pedidos, ya que emplean conceptos complejos especializados en gestión, herramientas y/o sistemas de información cuya implementación resulta en un presupuesto elevado, no asequible. En este trabajo se propone un modelo gestión de compras-almacén (MGCA) orientado a las pymes de producción a pedido para reducir la frecuencia de compras innecesarias que ocasiona sobrestock y prevenir roturas de stock. Este contempla procesos simples y flexibles, una guía de implementación e indicadores que puedan ayudar a la gestión; a su vez, se basan en los pilares del ISO 9001, JIT, gestión del cambio y sistemas de información. Un estudio de caso en una pyme textil peruana muestra que el modelo propuesto es fácil de implementar y que mejora la calidad de los materiales en un 37.50 %, el abastecimiento oportuno en 62.50 % respecto a los proveedores, la rotación de inventarios incrementó en 55.61 %, el cumplimiento de despachos internos en 28.77 % respecto a producción, los pedidos conformes recepcionados en 30.14 % y el clima organizacional aumentó en 22.77 %. / Warehouse management and purchases in Peruvian SMEs with production to order present difficulties unlike big companies, such as low-skilled personnel, lack of financing, small stock sizes, undefined processes, inefficient communication between areas and low priority for part of the vendors. For this reason, the management models of big companies cannot be applied. In addition, the models found regarding purchasing and warehouse management do not fit the needs of a textile SME with production to order, since they use complex concepts specialized in management, tools and / or information systems whose implementation results in a high budget, not affordable. This thesis proposes a purchasing-warehouse management model (MGCA) aimed at production-to-order SMEs to reduce the frequency of unnecessary purchases that cause overstock and prevent stock outs. This includes simple and flexible processes, an implementation guide and indicators that can help management; in turn, they are based on the pillars of ISO 9001, JIT, change management and information systems. A case study in a Peruvian textile SME shows that the proposed model is easy to implement and that it improves the quality of materials by 37.50%, timely supply by 62.50% compared to suppliers, and inventory turnover increased by 55.61% , the fulfillment of internal dispatches in 28.77% with respect to production, the conforming orders received in 30.14% and the organizational climate increased in 22.77%. / Tesis

En este trabajo se recogen las experiencias de las PYME’s del sector textil exportador peruano, a través de entrevistas. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se elaboró un diagnóstico actual del sector textil, identificando los desperdicios más importantes que afectan a los procesos, desde el punto de vista de la filosofía Lean. El área de estudio específico es el proceso de acabados de prenda, el cual tiene como principal problema el elevado lead time respecto al estándar del mercado, explicado por los altos inventarios y elevados tiempos de espera dentro del proceso. Para afrontar esta situación como propuesta, se realiza el diseño de un sistema Pull, mediante tarjetas Kanban, y una celda de manufactura flexible. Los resultados esperados son la reducción del tamaño de lote que ingresa al área de acabados y la disminución de los tiempos de espera en el proceso, lo que se traduciría en una disminución del lead time. Finalmente, para validar el estudio, se procedió a recabar información de 5 profesionales y dos usuarios del medio local. Los profesionales consultados son expertos en Lean manufacturing y la industria textil. Asimismo, los usuarios del medio local tienes años de experiencia como gerentes o dueños de empresas del sector textil exportador peruano. El proceso se realiza mediante una matriz de validación y una de evaluación de impactos, la cual está centrada en la evaluación del modelo general y de las propuestas. / In this paper, we present the experiences of Peruvian SMEs in the textile export sector, collected through interviews. Based on the results obtained, a diagnosis of the textile sector was elaborated identifying the most important waste that affects processes, using the Lean philosophy point of view. The specific area studied was the garment finishing process, which has as its main problem a high lead time compared to the market standard, explained by the high inventories and high waiting times within the process. To face this situation, as a proposal, the design of a Pull system using Kanban cards and a flexible manufacturing cell are carried out. The expected results are the reduction of the lot size that enters the finishing area and the reduction of waiting times in the process, which translates into a decrease in lead time. Finally, to validate the study, approval, and feedback from 5 professionals and two users of the local environment where collected. Professionals consulted are experts in Lean manufacturing and the textile industry. Likewise, users of the local environment have years of experience as managers or owners of companies in the Peruvian textile export sector. The process is carried out through a validation matrix and an impact evaluation matrix which are focused on evaluating the general model and the proposals. / Tesis

La presente investigación tiene como propósito explicar la influencia de la prevención del riesgo laboral en el nivel de accidentes de trabajo de las empresas del Sector Textil, Lima Metropolitana 2020. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental de tipo transversal, porque se realiza sin manipular deliberadamente las variables y de alcance correlacional causal. Asimismo, la metodología que se aplicó para la recolección de datos en de enfoque cuantitativo. Para medir la opinión de los colaboradores, encargados de seguridad y salud en el trabajo del Sector Textil, en relación con las variables a estudiar y a sus referidas dimensiones, se elaboró un cuestionario tipo Likert. La confiabilidad del mencionado instrumento se determinó mediante el Coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach (0.759) y su validación se obtuvo mendiante el juicio de expertos. De una población total de 35,739 empresas textiles, se determinó un muestreo aleatorio simple obteniendo 381 empresas. Según el análisis correlacional, existe evidencia estadística para sintetizar que la prevención de riesgo laboral y el nivel de accidentes de trabajo de las empresas del sector Textil en Lima Metropolitana están relacionados. / The purpose of this research is to explain the influence of occupational risk prevention on the level of occupational accidents in companies in the Textile sector, Lima Metropolitana 2020. The research design is non-experimental of a transversal type, because it is carried out without manipulating deliberately variables and causal correlational scope. Likewise, the methodology that was applied for data collection in a quantitative approach. To measure the opinion of the collaborators, those in charge of safety and health at work in the Textile Sector, in relation to the variables to be studied and their referred dimensions, a Likert-type questionnaire was prepared. The reliability of the aforementioned instrument was determined using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient (0.759) and its validation was obtained through the judgment of experts. From a total population of 35,739 textile companies, a simple random sample was determined obtaining 381 companies. According to the correlational analysis, there is statistical evidence to synthesize that the prevention of occupational risk and the level of accidents at work in the companies of the Textile sector in Metropolitan Lima are related. / Tesis