Esta dissertação busca analisar o filme The Big Lebowski (O Grande Lebowski, 1998), escrito e dirigido por Joel e Ethan Coen. Devido à grande quantidade de recursos estilísticos utilizados na construção da narrativa, o filme é considerado um exemplo inequívoco de uma obra pós-moderna. A narrativa não apenas se alimenta de incontáveis referências culturais, por meio da reciclagem de textos anteriores e da mistura de gêneros e estilos, mas também se apoia no uso de várias outras técnicas, como a repetição de motivos visuais, o uso recorrente de clichês e a fragmentação do enredo. Por outro lado, apesar da estética pós-moderna, é difícil ignorar a existência de um conteúdo histórico, uma vez que muitos temas relevantes são inseridos no fluxo da narrativa. A guerra do Golfo, o Reaganismo e os movimentos políticos dos anos 60 são alguns dos temas encontrados no filme, que tem como cenário a cidade de Los Angeles no início da década de 90. Nesse sentido, a nossa hipótese é de que o filme revela uma contradição entre duas tendências opostas: a estética pós-moderna e a representação do conteúdo histórico. / This dissertation aims at analyzing the movie The Big Lebowski (1998), written and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Owing to the great amount of stylistic devices deployed to construct the narrative, the movie has been regarded as an unequivocal example of a postmodern work. Not only does the narrative feed on countless cultural references, through the recycling of former texts and the mixture of genres and styles, but it also relies on many other techniques, such as the repetition of visual motifs, the recurrent use of clichés and the fragmented storytelling. On the other hand, despite the postmodern aesthetics, it is difficult to overlook the existence of a historical content, as many relevant themes abound in the narrative flow. The Gulf War, the Reaganism and the political movements of the sixties are some of the themes found in the movie, which is set in the city of Los Angeles in the early nineties. In this sense, our hypothesis is that the movie brings forth a contradiction between two opposing tendencies: the postmodern aesthetics and the representation of the historical content.

This case study, through ten interviews with a variety of people working with or around theSwedish manga publishing industry, attempts to catalog the rise, decline and lasting effects of theindustrial boom of Japanese manga literature published in Sweden between the years 2000 and2017. The study explores relationship between subsidiary and mother company, as well as to fill inthe blanks of the research field as it pertains specifically to Sweden’s manga scene. The study usesthe theory of the culture industry by Adorno and Horkheimer (1944), together with Herbert Gans(1974) distinction between high and low culture to study this field. Theoretically the study alsooperates on the basis of the conditions that the globalized world awards these two aspects (Lechnerand Boli, 2008).The paper concludes that a mix between industry related issues, such as an over-saturation of themarket and failure to adapt to the global flow of cultural commerce is to blame for the decline. Thistogether with aspects of a cultural nature, such as an underlying disdain for manga as both only for,while at the same time harmful for children proved to be enough to almost entirely kill off mangapublishing in the country over the years studied.

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This dissertation examines professional wrestling in the U.S., in particular, live and television shows produced by the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Through the examination, it addresses complex issues of authenticity, audience, commodification, and discipline in contemporary popular culture and media. I use three approaches in this study. First, I apply the theory of culture industry, developed by Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer, to understand WWE wrestling. I examine how the WWE thoroughly stylizes its products to attract fans and condition them to repeat the same calculable reactions. However, contemporary fans often refuse to react as the WWE wants them to. By analyzing the complex interplay between the WWE and fans, I update and re-contextualize Adorno and Horkheimer's idea that the culture industry exerts total control over consumers. Second, I examine the recent rise of "nonfictional" narratives in professional wrestling, narratives that candidly acknowledge wrestling's scripted nature. I demonstrate how the WWE uses nonfictional narratives to present fans new ways of finding realness in wrestling and respecting wrestlers. I also point out that, by utilizing both fictional and nonfictional narratives, the WWE has developed clever ways of balancing between offering controversial products and transmitting conservative and respectable messages to enhance its populist appeal. Third, I look at the history of professional wrestling through theories of modernity and postmodernity. I grasp it as a dynamic process in which wrestling has expressed its challenge against and ambivalence towards dominant ideologies, values, and masculinities of modernity in multiple ways. I also examine the predominance of obsessed subjectivities in contemporary WWE wrestling as a unique form of postmodern expression. I argue that obsessively competitive and self-destructive performances of WWE wrestlers illuminate the contradiction of the construction of modern "disciplined" subjects described by Michel Foucault. They also reveal that in the culture where pain and destruction of human beings are among the most desired objects, the WWE has to endanger real live bodies of its wrestlers in order to survive and thrive. WWE is a rich, problematic, and compelling cultural phenomenon that illuminates issues and contradictions of itself, and the system it belongs to.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as análises de Theodor Adorno sobre a mercantilização da cultura a partir da década de 1930, com o intuito de compreender como o conceito de indústria cultural foi sendo esboçado na obra do autor antes de ganhar sua formulação mais conhecida em Dialética do Esclarecimento, escrita em parceira com Max Horkheimer, publicada em 1944 em versão prelimitar e em 1947, na formatação definitiva. Intenciona-se demonstrar que indústria cultural decorre de um programa de pesquisa e reflexão anterior à Dialética do Esclarecimento, voltado para a compreensão da articulação de aspectos econômicos com o âmbito psicológico e cultural que são sintetizados de forma singular no conceito. As reflexões de Adorno, por sua vez, representam uma apropriação particular de influências marxistas, freudianas e weberianas, bem como leituras de Walter Benjamin e de Max Horkheimer. / This study aimed to investigate the analysis of Theodor Adorno on the commodification of culture starting from the 1930s, in order to understand how the concept of culture industry was being sketched in the author\'s work before obtaining its best known formulation as published in Dialectic of Enlightenment, written in partnership with Max Horkheimer, in 1944 in a preliminary version and in 1947, in its final formatting. Our intention is to demonstrate that culture industry originates from a program of research and reflection prior to Dialectic of Enlightenment, pursuing the understanding of the articulation between economics and psychological and cultural, that are synthesized in a unique way in the concept. Adorno\'s reflections, in turn, represents a particular appropriation of Marxist, Freudian and Weberian influences, as well as readings of Walter Benjamin and Max Horkheimer.

Sabe-se que celebrações e outras manifestações culturais humanas podem sofrer influências tanto positivas quanto negativas de instituições religiosas e dos meios de comunicação. Aqui, buscou-se entender a interferência da mídia na reconstrução do Carnaval de São Luiz do Paraitinga, em 1981 proibido anteriormente pela Igreja e também na promoção desta festa na atualidade. À luz do conceito de indústria cultural, foi investigado se a manifestação, motivada por uma matéria da Rede Globo, se tornou ela própria um produto da indústria cultural. Como aporte teórico para este estudo, foram usados os preceitos de Theodor W. Adorno sobre o impacto dos meios de comunicação de massa naquela sociedade. Foram investigadas, ainda, as origens do Carnaval luizense. O estudo concluiu que a influência dos media foi determinante para a festa, tanto no passado quanto na contemporaneidade, mas outros elementos, como o próprio ethos cultural dos habitantes do município, também interferiram na mobilização destes para a produção do Carnaval ressignificado. / It knows that celebrations and other cultural human manifestations can suffer both positiveand negative influences from religious institutions and from the media. Here, it sought to comprehend the medias interference in the construction of São Luiz do Paraitingas Carnival, in 1981 - previously banned by the Church -, and also in the promotion of this party at present time. Taking in consideration the concepts of the culture industry, it was investigated whether the party, motivated by a news report from Globo Network Television, became itself a product of the culture industry. The precepts of Theodor W. Adorno regarding the impact of the mass media in that society were used as theoretical support for the research. The origins of São Luizs Carnival were also investigated. The study has concluded that the influence of the media was determinant to the party, both in the past and nowadays, but other elements, such as the citys inhabitants cultural ethos, also interfered in the peoples mobilization to produce a ressignified Carnival.

Nesta dissertação investigamos três dos principais discos tropicalistas - Gilberto Gil (1968), Caetano Veloso (1968) e Grande Liquidação (1968), de Tom Zé procurando identificar marcas do processo social nas canções e atitudes líricas. Essa leitura busca repensar o sentido do tropicalismo no processo de transformação político-cultural do final dos anos 60, decisivo, talvez, para a compreensão da história recente do país. / This dissertation investigates three important tropicalist solo albums - Gilberto Gil (1968), Caetano Veloso (1968) e Grande Liquidação (1968), Tom Zé´s album searching the signs of the social process in its songs and lyrical attitudes. This reading purpose rethinks the meaning of the tropicalismo in the politic and cultural transformation in the late 1960´s, maybe the principal moment to understand the contemporary history of Brazil.

Esta pesquisa pretende demonstrar as principais transformações da música das escolas de samba do Rio de Janeiro através da transcrição, catalogação e análise de suas estruturas melódicas, harmônicas e formais mais recorrentes. Entre as estruturas analisadas estão as que considerei como características do samba-enredo, as quais são compartilhadas por um grande número de compositores das mais diversas épocas e tendências estilísticas. A partir do seu estudo detalhado, passou-se a reflexões mais amplas relativas à presença do formulismo no processo de composição dos sambistas, o qual pode estar ligado tanto ao modelo oral de pensamento e comportamento ainda existente nas escolas de samba quanto ao fato de o samba-enredo estar inserido em uma lógica capitalista que abarca desde a indústria cultural da qual ele faz parte (gravação de discos, transmissão em rádio e TV) até o próprio modo de escolha das obras que são apresentadas no carnaval. / This research intends to demonstrate the main transformations of the music of the samba schools of Rio de Janeiro through the transcription, cataloging and analysis of its most recurrent melodic, harmonic and formal structures. The analyzed structures include those that I considered as characteristics of samba-enredo, which are used by a large number of composers from diverse epochs and stylistic tendencies. From their detailed study, I examine the presence of formularity in the composition process of the sambistas, which may be related both to the oral model of thinking and behavior that still exists in the samba schools and to the fact that samba-enredo is embedded in a capitalist logic that ranges from the cultural industry it takes part in (disc recording, radio and TV broadcasting) to the way of choosing the works that are presented in the carnival.

Entre 1970 e 1984, a jornalista e escritora Helena Silveira dedicou-se à crítica televisiva nas colunas Helena Silveira Vê TV e Videonário, publicadas no jornal Folha de S.Paulo. A dissertação pretende resgatar essa produção jornalística, observando-a a partir do instrumental teórico dos estudos culturais. O primeiro capítulo trata dos conceitos de experiência e estrutura de sentimento, além de se referir a trabalhos dos estudos culturais acerca da experiência da televisão. O segundo capítulo apresenta um perfil da jornalista Helena Silveira e os diferentes momentos de sua atuação na empresa Folha da Manhã entre as décadas de 1940 e 1980. O terceiro capítulo procura refletir sobre a natureza da crítica televisiva, com destaque para o modo particular como Helena Silveira a desenvolveu, fazendo uso de um tom próximo da crônica. O quarto capítulo avalia como, no âmbito da crítica de TV, é possível reconhecer a promoção do prestígio da telenovela, sua fixação como produto capaz de produzir identificações e prazer. O quinto capítulo procura resgatar uma dimensão política latente em muitos textos em que Helena Silveira dialogou com o clima de expectativas e esperanças da chamada abertura política, considerando a importância da TV no contexto de redemocratização do país / Between 1970 and 1984, journalist and writer Helena Silveira devoted herself to television criticism in the columns Helena Silveira Vê TV and Videonário, published in Folha de S.Paulo newspaper. This dissertation aims to rescue this journalistic production, using the theoretical frame of cultural studies. The first chapter deals with the concepts of experience and structure of feeling and with works of cultural studies about the experience of television. The second chapter presents a profile of journalist Helena Silveira and the different moments of Folha da Manhã between the 1940s and 1980s. The third chapter seeks to think about the nature of television criticism, highlighting the particular way in Helena Silveira has developed it, making use of a chronicle tone. The fourth chapter analyzes how, in the context of television criticism, it is possible to recognize the promotion of prestige of a genre like telenovela and at the same time, its attachment as a product able to create identification and pleasure. The fifth chapter intends to rescue a latent political dimension in many texts in which Helena Silveira write about the climate of expectations and hopes for the end of the dictatorship in Brazil, considering the importance of TV in the context of re-democratization of the country