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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
241

Feature extraction and matching of palmprints using Level I detail

Kitching, Peter January 2017 (has links)
Current Automatic Palmprint Identification Systems (APIS) closely follow the matching philosophy of Automatic Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS), in that they exclusively use a small subset of Level II palmar detail, when matching a latent to an exemplar palm print. However, due the increased size and the significantly more complex structure of the palm, it has long been recognised that there is much detail that remains underutilised. Forensic examiners routinely use this additional information when manually matching latents. The thesis develops novel automatic feature extraction and matching methods which exploit the underutilised Level I detail contained in the friction ridge flow. When applied to a data base of exemplars, the approach creates a ranked list of matches. It is shown that the matching success rate varied with latent size. For latents of diameter 38mm, 91:1% were ranked first and 95:6% of the matches were contained within the ranked top 10. The thesis presents improved orientation field extraction methods which are optimised for friction ridge flow and novel enhancement techniques, based upon the novel use of local circular statistics on palmar orientation fields. In combination, these techniques are shown to provide a more accurate orientation estimate than previous work. The novel feature extraction stages exploit the level sets of higher order local circular statistics, which naturally segment the palm into homogeneous regions representing Level I detail. These homogeneous regions, characterised by their spatial and circular features, are used to form a novel compact tree-like hierarchical representation of the Level I detail. Matching between the latent and an exemplar is performed between their respective tree-like hierarchical structures. The methods developed within the thesis are complementary to current APIS techniques.
242

Comportamento higiênico e identificação de patógenos em colmeias de apis mellifera l. Africanizadas no Sertão Paraibano / Hygienic behavior and identification of pathogens in hives of apis mellifera l. Africanized in the Sertão Paraibano

OLINTO, Francisco Ariclenes. 15 May 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Élida Maeli Fernandes Quirino (maely_sax@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-15T13:05:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FRNACISCO ARICLENES OLINTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1640106 bytes, checksum: b19b02a5c2c2ea22def9e997924518db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T13:05:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRNACISCO ARICLENES OLINTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGSA PROFISSIONAL 2014..pdf: 1640106 bytes, checksum: b19b02a5c2c2ea22def9e997924518db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-16 / A apicultura é uma das poucas atividades agropecuárias que atende aos três requisitos da sustentabilidade: o econômico, o social e o ecológico. Sendo assim, fornece renda para o apicultor, ocupa mão de obra familiar ou contratada e contribui para a preservação da flora nativa. A abelha é importante para a economia mundial como polinizadora, aumentando a produção de frutos e sementes, e como fornecedora de mel, cera, geleia real, própolis, pólen e veneno (apitoxina). Esses produtos são muito procurados para a matéria-prima das indústrias farmacêutica, alimentícia e cosmética e para consumo em forma natural. A sanidade pode afetar o desenvolvimento da apicultura, pois a Apis mellifera como qualquer outro organismo vivo, é susceptível a doenças causadas por bactérias, vírus, fungos e outros parasitas e as desordens metabólicas, nutricionais e hormonais, além de intoxicações diversas. Assim, em virtude da necessidade de estudos a respeito da sanidade apícola, objetiva-se estudar o comportamento higiênico e a identificação da varroatose e nosemose em colônias de abelhas Apis mellifera em apiários localizados no Sertão do Estado da Paraíba. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de março, abril e maio de 2014, em cinco apiários localizados nos municípios de Condado, Pombal, Jericó, São Bentinho e São Domingos, ambos situados na Mesorregião do Sertão do Estado da Paraíba, com um total de 25 colmeias avaliadas. O teste de comportamento higiênico foi realizado com base no método de perfuração das células de crias. Para análise da infestação por ácaro Varroa destructor, as abelhas adultas foram coletadas e acondicionadas em frascos de vidro contendo álcool a 70%, após 24 horas foi realizada a contagem dos ácaros. Para a identificação de Nosema spp. foi utilizado o método de nível de infecção da colônia, sendo selecionadas dez abelhas adultas para retirada do aparelho intestinal e posterior leitura em microscópio óptico. O percentual de comportamento higiênico foi semelhante em ambos os apiários, principalmente em Condado (93,96%), Pombal (94,30%), Jericó (87,63%) e São Domingos (95,20%), ocorrendo apenas uma ligeira diferença no apiário de São Bentinho com uma média de 76,31%. No apiário de Condado foram encontrados 59 ácaros Varroa destructor, nas colmeias do apiário de Pombal obteve-se apenas seis ácaros, em Jericó foram encontrados 19 ácaros, no apiário de São Bentinho, foi observado o maior número de ácaros entre os apiários, 62 varroas no total e no apiário de São Domingos foram observados 48 ácaros. A frequência de Nosema spp. em colmeias manejadas na região do estudo foi de 36% de um total de 25 enxames avaliados. O apiário localizado no município de Pombal obteve os melhores resultados, apresentando índice elevado de comportamento higiênico e valores baixos para varroatose e nosemose. A africanização das abelhas e as altas temperaturas do Sertão Paraibano tendem a possibilitar melhor resistência das colmeias a enfermidades. / Beekeeping is one of the few agricultural activities that meets the three requirements of sustainability: economic, social and ecological. Therefore, provides income for the beekeeper, occupies family labor or hired and contributes to the preservation of native flora. The bee is important for the world economy as a pollinator, increasing the production of fruits and seeds, and as a supplier of honey, beeswax, royal jelly, propolis, pollen and venom (bee venom). These products are in high demand for raw materials in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries and for consumption in natural form industries. Sanity may affect the development of beekeeping because Apis mellifera like any other living organism is susceptible to diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and other parasites and metabolic, nutritional and hormonal disorders, and several poisoning. Thus, because of the need for studies concerning the apiculture health, this study focuses on hygienic behavior and the identification of varroatose and nosemosis in Apis mellifera honeybee colonies in apiaries located in the backlands of the state of Paraíba. The survey was conducted from March, April and May 2014, in five apiaries located in the cities of Condado, Pombal, Jericó, São Bentinho and São Domingos, both located in the Greater Region of the Backlands of the State of Paraíba, with a total of 25 evaluated hives. The hygienic behavior test was conducted based on the method of drilling the brood. For analysis of the mite Varroa destructor infestation, the adult bees were collected and placed in glass vials containing 70% alcohol, after 24 hours was performed to count the mites. For the identification of Nosema spp. we used the colony of infection level method, selecting ten adult bees to remove the intestinal and later reading device in an optical microscope. The hygienic behavior percentage was similar in both apiaries, especially in Condado (93.96%), Pombal (94.30%), Jericó (87.63%) and São Domingos (95.20%); there was one slight difference in the apiary of São Bentinho with an average of 76.31%. In Condado apiary found 59 mites Varroa destructor in the apiary hives of Pombal was obtained only six mites Jericó found 19 mites in the apiary of São Bentinho, it was observed the largest number of mites between apiaries, 62 varroas in total and in the apiary of São Domingos were observed 48 mites. The frequency of Nosema spp. In the hives managed in the region of the study was 36% of a total of 25 clusters evaluated. Apiary located in the city of Pombal obtained the best results, with high level of hygienic behavior and low values for varroatose and nosemosis. The Africanization of bees and the high temperatures of the Paraiba’s hinterlands tend to provide improved resistance to diseases of the hives.
243

Boas práticas apícolas no Município de Monteiro Lobato, região serrana do Vale do Paraíba, Estado de São Paulo /

Dib, Ana Paula da Silva. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi / Banca: Ana Silvia Alves Meira Tavares Moura / Banca: Nabor Veiga / Banca: Lídia Maria Ruv Carelli Barreto / Banca: Claudemir de Carvalho / Resumo: Quando se fala em qualidade para a indústria de alimentos, o aspecto segurança do produto é sempre um fator determinante, pois qualquer problema pode comprometer a saúde do consumidor. Na indústria brasileira de alimentos, este processo encontra-se em franca expansão. Assim, observa-se a importância de se estabelecer práticas no campo, funcionando como estratégia para tornar o Brasil capaz de inserir-se na cadeia apícola mundial com competitividade. Por esta razão, há a enorme importância de efetuar trabalhos que envolvam as Boas Práticas Apícolas (BPA) no Campo. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação das BPA entre os apicultores do município de Monteiro Lobato, Estado de São Paulo. Participaram do projeto dez apicultores, sendo a pesquisa realizada por meio de questionário, discriminando-se o local de instalação do apiário; indumentária apícola; utensílios e local para o armazenamento dos equipamentos, no período de novembro e dezembro de 2008, bem como por captura das demais informações por meio do sistema Internet, e levantamento de dados in loco, ou seja, no próprio apiário, percorrendo uma área de 100km2. Pelos resultados obtidos conclui-se que somente com a adoção de técnicas de apicultura racional e conhecimento de técnicas de Boas Práticas Apícolas no Campo será possível garantir maior ganho no final do ciclo do manejo, que é a colheita do mel; e a resistência dos apicultores em adotar estas técnicas baseia-se na questão socioeconômica. / Abstract: When it is said in quality for the food industry, the aspect security of the product is always a determinative factor; therefore any problem can compromise the health of the consumer. In the Brazilian food industry, this process meets in frank expansion. Thus, observe the importance of if also establishing practical in the field, functioning as strategy to become Brazil capable to insert itself in world-wide the apicultural chain with competitiveness. For this reason, it has the enormous importance to effect works that involve Good Practical the Apicultural ones in the Field (BPA). In this direction, the present work had as objective main to evaluate the application of the BPA between the beekeepers of the county of Monteiro Lobato, São Paulo State. 10 beekeepers had participated of the project that had filled a spread sheet in the proper apiary, discriminating themselves the place of installation of the apiary; apicultural clothes; utensils and place for the storage of the equipment, in the period of November and December of 2008, in an area of approximately 100km2. For the gotten results one concludes that only with adoption of techniques of rational beekeeping and knowledge of BPA techniques they will guarantee a bigger profit in the end of the cycle of the handling, that is the harvest of the honey; e the resistance of the beekeepers in adopting these techniques is based on the socioeconomic question. / Doutor
244

Efeito do inseticida fipronil em abelhas africanizadas e na expressão de gene relacionado ao sistema imunológico /

Zaluski, Rodrigo. January 2014 (has links)
Orientador: Ricardo De Oliveira Orsi / Banca: Margarida Maria Barros / Banca: Daniel Nicodemo / Resumo: No presente estudo avaliou-se a toxicidade (DL50) in vitro do fipronil e as alterações comportamentais em abelhas Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), em testes de contato e ingestão, bem como a atividade motora em abelhas expostas à DL50 e dose subletal (DS - 1/500 DL50). A DS (8μg L-1) foi fornecida por meio de xarope de açúcar, para colmeias e avaliou-se a viabilidade de cria, desenvolvimento populacional, comportamento e expressão do gene defensina 1 em abelhas adultas. O fipronil foi altamente tóxico por ingestão e contato, desencadeando agitação, convulsão, tremores e paralisia. Houve redução da atividade motora de abelhas expostas às DL50 e DS. Verificou-se redução da eclosão de ovos, postura, desenvolvimento de larvas e pupas e abandono dos enxames expostos à DS. Abelhas adultas apresentaram inércia nos enxames expostos à DS, sem apresentar alteração na expressão do gene defensina 1. Conclui-se que o fipronil apresenta efeitos altamente tóxicos para as abelhas A. mellifera. / Abstract: In the present study we evaluated the in vitro toxicity (LD50) of fipronil and behavioral changes in adults Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in contact and ingestion tests and the motor activity in bees exposed to the LD50 and sublethal dose (SD - 1/500 LD50). The SD (8μg L-1) was provided through the sugar syrup to hives and were evaluated the brood viability, population growth, behavior and expression of defensin 1 gene in adult bees. Fipronil was highly toxic by ingestion and contact, triggering agitation, seizures, tremors and paralysis. There was a reduction of motor activity of bees exposed to LD50 and SD. We observed reduced of hatching eggs, posture, larvae and pupae development and abandonment of colonies exposed to SD. Adult bees exposed to SD in swarms demonstrate inertia, without alterations in the defensin 1 gene expression. We concluded that fipronil have highly toxic effects to honeybees. bees / Mestre
245

Decoding Brood Pheromone: The Releaser and Primer Effects of Young and Old Larvae on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Workers

January 2014 (has links)
abstract: How a colony regulates the division of labor to forage for nutritional resources while accommodating for changes in colony demography is a fundamental question in the sociobiology of social insects. In honey bee, Apis mellifera, brood composition impacts the division of labor, but it is unknown if colonies adjust the allocation of foragers to carbohydrate and protein resources based on changes in the age demography of larvae and the pheromones they produce. Young and old larvae produce pheromones that differ in composition and volatility. In turn, nurses differentially provision larvae, feeding developing young worker larvae a surplus diet that is more queen-like in protein composition and food availability, while old larvae receive a diet that mimics the sugar composition of the queen larval diet but is restrictively fed instead of provided ad lib. This research investigated how larval age and the larval pheromone e-β ocimene (eβ) impact foraging activity and foraging load. Additional cage studies were conducted to determine if eβ interacts synergistically with queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) to suppress ovary activation and prime worker physiology for nursing behavior. Lastly, the priming effects of larval age and eβ on worker physiology and the transition from in-hive nursing tasks to outside foraging were examined. Results indicate that workers differentially respond to larvae of different ages, likely by detecting changes in the composition of the pheromones they emit. This resulted in adjustments to the foraging division of labor (pollen vs. nectar) to ensure that the nutritional needs of the colony's brood were met. For younger larvae and eβ, this resulted in a bias favoring pollen collection. The cage studies reveal that both eβ and QMP suppressed ovary activation, but the larval pheromone was more effective. Maturing in an environment of young or old larvae primed bees for nursing and impacted important endocrine titers involved in the transition to foraging, so bees maturing in the presence of larvae foraged earlier than control bees reared with no brood. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Biology 2014
246

Calcium-Mediated Excitation and Plasticity in Primary Olfactory Pathways of the Honey Bee Antennal Lobe

January 2014 (has links)
abstract: Spatiotemporal processing in the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB), and its analog, the invertebrate antennal lobe (AL), is subject to plasticity driven by biogenic amines. I study plasticity using honey bees, which have been extensively studied with respect to nonassociative and associative based olfactory learning and memory. Octopamine (OA) release in the AL is the functional analog to epinephrine in the OB. Blockade of OA receptors in the AL blocks plasticity induced changes in behavior. I have now begun to test specific hypotheses related to how this biogenic amine might be involved in plasticity in neural circuits within the AL. OA acts via different receptor subtypes, AmOA1, which gates calcium release from intracellular stores, and AmOA-beta, which results in an increase of cAMP. Calcium also enters AL interneurons via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are driven by acetylcholine release from sensory neuron terminals, as well as through voltage-gated calcium channels. I employ 2-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy using fluorescent calcium indicators to investigate potential sources of plasticity as revealed by calcium fluctuations in AL projection neuron (PN) dendrites in vivo. PNs are analogous to mitral cells in the OB and have dendritic processes that show calcium increases in response to odor stimulation. These calcium signals frequently change after association of odor with appetitive reinforcement. However, it is unclear whether the reported plasticity in calcium signals are due to changes intrinsic to the PNs or to changes in other neural components of the network. My studies were aimed toward understanding the role of OA for establishing associative plasticity in the AL network. Accordingly, I developed a treatment that isolates intact, functioning PNs in vivo. A second study revealed that cAMP is a likely component of plasticity in the AL, thus implicating the AmOA-beta; receptors. Finally, I developed a method for loading calcium indicators into neural components of the AL that have yet to be studied in detail. These manipulations are now revealing the molecular mechanisms contributing to associative plasticity in the AL. These studies will allow for a greater understanding of plasticity in several neural components of the honey bee AL and mammalian OB. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Neuroscience 2014
247

Analise da composição quimica de propolis brasileira por espectrometria de massas / Analysis of the chemical composition of Brazilian propolis by mass epectrometry

Sawaya, Alexandra Christine Helena Frankland, 1958- 08 November 2006 (has links)
Orientadores: Marcos Nogueira Eberlin, Maria Cristina Marcucci Ribeiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:59:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sawaya_AlexandraChristineHelenaFrankland_D.pdf: 1255664 bytes, checksum: 590eb73bc0e239bc517bb37afcab9c89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A própolis é uma resina obtida de plantas que as abelhas utilizam, acrescida de cera, para proteger sua colméia contra a entrada de correntes de ar, de predadores e de microrganismos. A composição química e fontes vegetais de própolis obtida das abelhas Apis mellifera de regiões de clima temperado como Europa e América do Norte, já foi estudada, constando da literatura pesquisada. Com o objetivo de determinar a composição química e fontes vegetais de própolis brasileira, foram feitos vários estudos, utilizando a espectrometria de massas com ionização por eletrospray (ESI-MS). Inicialmente, extratos etanólicos de própolis (EEP) de Apis mellifera do sul, sudeste e nordeste do Brasil, bem como EEP provenientes da Bulgária, Inglaterra, Finlândia, América do Norte e Moçambique, foram analisados diretamente por ESI-MS e seus espectros comparados por quimiometria. A seguir, EEP de A. mellifera do sul e sudeste do Brasil foram analisados por ESI-MS e comparados com extratos de plantas sugeridas como fontes vegetais de própolis destas regiões. Cromatografia liquida foi acoplada a espectrometria de massas para isolar e identificar compostos encontrados nos EEP e nos extratos de plantas. Em outro estudo, amostras de um tipo de própolis de A mellifera do nordeste brasileiro foram analisadas, permitindo identificar uma fonte vegetal e alguns compostos com atividade antioxidante. Dois estudos foram realizados com própolis de abelhas nativas. Inicialmente, EEP da abelha nativa brasileira (Tetragonisca angustula) provenientes do sul, sudeste e nordeste do Brasil foram comparados entre si, com EEP de A. mellifera destas regiões e com extratos de plantas visitadas por T. angustula, permitindo a identificação da fonte vegetal desta própolis. Depois, EEP de diversas espécies de abelhas nativas sem ferrão de cinco regiões do Brasil foram comparadas entre si e com extratos de plantas e EEP de A. mellifera das mesmas regiões, determinando padrões na composição de própolis de abelhas nativas. Os resultados obtidos contribuíram para um melhor conhecimento da variável composição química de própolis brasileira e de suas fontes vegetais / Abstract: Propolis is a resin, collected from plants, which bees mix with wax and use to protect their hives against air currents, predators and microorganisms. The chemical composition and plant origins of propolis obtained from Apis mellifera bees from temperate regions such as Europe and North America, have already been studied and can be found in literature. With the objective of determining the chemical composition and plant origins of Brazilian propolis, several studies were carried out, using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Initially, ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) of Apis mellifera bees from the south, southeast and northeast of Brazil, as well as EEP from Bulgaria, England, Finland, North America and Mozambique, were analyzed by direct insertion ESI-MS and the results analyzed by chemometric analysis. Next, EEP from A. mellifera from the south and southeast of Brazil were analyzed by ESI-MS and their MS fingerprints compared to those of extracts of plants that were previously indicated as plant sources of propolis from those regions. Liquid chromatography was used in-line with mass spectrometry to isolate and identify components of the EEP and plant extracts. In another study, samples of one type of A mellifera propolis from the northeast of Brazil were analyzed, identifying their main plant source and some compounds with antioxidant activity. Two studies were carried out with propolis from native Brazilian stingless bees. Initially EEP of the native bee (Tetragonisca angustula) from the south, southeast and northeast of Brazil were compared with each other, with EEP of A. mellifera from the same regions and with extracts of plants visited by T. angustula, allowing us to identify the main plant source of this type of propolis. Next, EEP of several species of native stingless bees from five regions in Brazil were also compared with plant extracts and EEP of A. mellifera from the same regions, identifying patterns in the composition of propolis from native Brazilian stingless bees. The results obtained contributed to a grater understanding of the variable composition of Brazilian propolis and its plant sources / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências
248

A propolis vermelha do nordeste do Brasil e suas caracteristicas quimicas e biologicas / The red propolis of the northeast of Brazil and its chemical and biological characteristics

Daugsch, Andreas 16 February 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Yong Kun Park / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T03:38:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daugsch_Andreas_D.pdf: 2046442 bytes, checksum: 6c7927a805842c622f8365909bcb5a1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Própolis contém substâncias resinosas coletadas pelas abelhas (Apis mellifera) de várias plantas. Ela é usada pelas abelhas para selar buracos e proteger a colméia. Própolis é usada na medicina popular desde 300 anos antes de Cristo. Numerosas propriedades biológicas têm sido encontradas nas própolis, incluindo anti-microbiana, citotoxidade, anti-herpes, anti-tumor, anti-HIV, e efeitos supressivos da toxicidade da dioxina. Anteriormente as própolis brasileira haviam sido classificadas em 12 grupos, baseado nas características físico-químicas. Foi também analisada as origens botânicas das principais própolis, como do grupo 3 que foi identificada sendo resina do botão floral de Populus (Salicaceae), do grupo 6 e 12 foi identificada sendo resina de folhas jovens de Hyptis divaricata (Lamiaceae) e Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteracea), respectivamente. Própolis normalmente é uma resina amarela escura ou amarronzada. Recentemente, nós encontramos uma própolis vermelha em colméias localizadas ao longo do mar e costas de rios no nordeste brasileiro que foi classificada então como própolis do grupo 13. Foi observado que as abelhas coletavam o exudato vermelho da superfície de Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L) Taub. (Leguminosae). Através de análises químicas e histológicas foi comprovado a existência de um novo grupo de própolis de origem botânica Dalbergia ecastophyllum com alta atividade anti-microbiana e anti-radical livre / Abstract: Propolis contains resinous substances of various plants gathered by the honeybee (Apis mellifera). It is used by the bees to seal of holes and to protect the beehive. Propolis is used as a folk medicine since 300 BC. Numerous biological properties have been found including anti-microbial, cytotoxic, anti-herpes, antitumor, anti-HIV and suppressive effects towards dioxin toxicity. Previously, 12 groups of Brazilian propolis have been classified based upon physiochemical characteristics. It was also analyzed the botanical origins of the main própolis. Propolis G3 was identified to contain resins of the buds of Populus (Salicaceae). The botanical origin of propolis of group 6 and 12 was identified as the resins on young leaves of Hyptis divaricata (Lamiaceae) and Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteracea), respectively. Propolis normally is a dark yellow or brownish resin. Recently, we found a red propolis in beehives along the see and river shores of northeastern Brazil that was classified as propolis group 13. It was observed that honeybees collected red exudates from the surface of Dalbergia ecastophyllum (L) Taub. (Leguminosae). Through chemical and histological analyses the existence of a new group of propolis with botanical origin of Dalbergia ecastophyllum and a high biological activity against microorganisms and free radicals was confirmed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos
249

Características glicídicas e microbiológicas de méis de Apis mellifera produzidos em Roraima

Letícia Godinho Pezente 18 March 2011 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O mel é um produto natural produzido pelas abelhas melíferas a partir do néctar de flores (mel floral), ou de secreções provenientes das partes vivas das plantas e excreções de insetos sugadores de plantas (mel de melato). A composição e as características do mel, como sabor, aroma, coloração, densidade e tendência à cristalização, variam de acordo com a flora local, pois estão relacionadas aos componentes do néctar das diversas flores, assim como à proporção em que estão presentes. Vinte e nove amostras de méis de Apis mellifera, das principais regiões produtoras em Roraima, dos municípios de Boa Vista, Cantá e Mucajaí, foram analisadas por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE) para quantificação de seis açúcares: glicose, frutose, sacarose, maltose, erlose e melezitose com o objetivo de conhecer características próprias dos méis. O número de leveduras foi quantificado pelo método clássico de contagem de bolores e leveduras para tentar estabelecer uma relação entre o resultado dos teores de açúcares e a presença de leveduras nas amostras. A média dos valores encontrados foi de 34,25% para frutose, 33,25% para glicose, 5,76% para sacarose, 2,7% para maltose, 0,43% para erlose e 0,17% para melezitose, enquanto a média para açúcares redutores foi de 67,69%. O resultado da contagem de bolores e leveduras foi de 41,38% ou 12 amostras acima de limite estabelecido pela legislação em vigor de 10UFC.g-. Foi realizada a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) e Análise de agrupamentos para avaliar influência da variância entre as amostras. Os resultados indicaram a sacarose e a contagem de bolores e leveduras como as características que mais influenciaram o agrupamento.
250

Parazitická bakterie Arsenophonus u včely medonosné a jejího parazita Varroa destructor / Parasitic bacteria Arsenophonus in honeybee and its parasite Varroa destructor

Hejdánková, Sylvie January 2016 (has links)
Arsenophonus is vertically and horizontally transmitted parasitic bacteria and strengthens its transfer through phenomenon called son killing. Arsenophonus has been detected in the arthropod hosts, insects, ticks and the garden spider Araneus diadematus. The aim of this study is detection parasitic bacteria Arsenophonus in honeybees and its parasite Varroa destructor. We find out that bacteria Arsenophonus is present in both hosts and it is identified as Arsenophonus nasoniae. Detection of bacteria Arsenophonus is discovered for the first time in Varroa destructor mites. We proved that the frequency of bacteria Arsenophonus in mites Varroa destructor is significantly higher than in honeybees. This study shows that the mite Varroa destructor could act as a vector for transmission parasitic bacteria Arsenophonus among honeybees. Results of this study could lead to the future application of Arsenophonus as a biological control for the mite Varroa destructor.

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