Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-08-22T17:46:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 iagorezendedealmeida.pdf: 1724119 bytes, checksum: 5841faf87472792e1844ea6b1c308ac9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-28T13:21:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 iagorezendedealmeida.pdf: 1724119 bytes, checksum: 5841faf87472792e1844ea6b1c308ac9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T13:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 iagorezendedealmeida.pdf: 1724119 bytes, checksum: 5841faf87472792e1844ea6b1c308ac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Este estudo analisa a película documental Em Nome da Razão: um filme sobre os porões da loucura, dirigida por Helvécio Ratton e produzida pelo Grupo Novo de Cinema e TV, com apoio da Associação Mineira de Saúde Mental. O documentário retrata a realidade dos pacientes internados no Hospital Colônia em Barbacena, no estado de Minas Gerais. Os modelos segregacionistas observados na instituição, criada no início do século XX, remontam a exclusão que, a partir do período do Classicismo, assolava as instalações psiquiátricas. No final da década de 1970, seus pavilhões ganharam conhecimento público por meio das denúncias promovidas pela mídia impressa e por suas intervenções audiovisuais, sustentadas pelo movimento da luta antimanicomial. Os conhecimentos que compõem a percepção e o sentir, a partir da contemplação das obras de arte, se incluem no objetivo central deste trabalho: compreender de que maneira as relações entre a tragédia e a estética, principalmente no que tange a abordagem histórica da imagem realista em seu contexto de produção de afetos, é composta e formulada. Ao conjunto das estruturas de domínio, compreendem-se as formas de resistência, observadas no campo artístico, a fim de utilizar a arte realista no processo de representação da imagem visível em seu contexto racional e social. A transformação da realidade em linguagem, bem como os processos empáticos que sucederam a exibição do filme compõem os estudos que analisam de qual modo as percepções do real são inseridas na obra e como são abordados os compêndios da tristeza. Desta maneira, observa-se que o cinema, enquanto ferramenta política, se instrumentaliza como potente agente de transformações sociais ao agir em prol da construção de uma memória coletiva capaz de repercutir em possíveis realidades plurais. / This study analyses the documentary Em Nome da Razão: um filme sobre os porões da loucura (On Reason’s Behalf: a movie about the insanity’s basement”, directed by Helvécio Ratton and produced by “Grupo Novo de Cinema e TV” (New Group of Cinema and TV), in association with “Associação Mineira de Saúde Mental” (Mental Health Association from Minas Gerais). The documentary portrays the reality of the patients hospitalized in Hospital Colônia, situated in Barbacena, in the state of Minas Gerais. The segregationist model observed in that institution, created in 1903, alludes the exclusion that, after Classicism, has taken place in mental health institutions. The institution was created in the late 1970s and its facilities gained public knowledge through denunciations by the local media and its audiovisual interventions, supported by the anti-asylum movement. The knowledge that understands perception and feelings, after the contemplation of art works, are included on its main objective: to understand how relations between tragedy and aesthetics, specially regarding the historical approach of the realistic image in its context of production of affections is composed and formulated. As domain structures may appear, resistance forms, observed in artistic field, can be comprehended when the reality’s transformation into language, as well as the empathic processes that followed the films exhibitions, make up the studies that analyze how perceptions of real can be inserted in the film and how the compendia of sadness can be approached. Therefore, it can be observed that cinema, as a political tool, can be an instrument of a strong social transformation when acting towards the construction of a collective memory capable of resulting possible plural realities.

The refugee crisis is currently a major world event. However, not much is known about the technology adoption and digital skills of those fleeing these conflicts and seeking asylum in foreign countries. To study this, a qualitative study was conducted in Umeå, Sweden. Data was collected through interviews, written responses and observations. The results show that refugees and asylum seekers have positive attitude towards digital technology adoption. However, they perceived digital technology primarily as tools to fulfil their recreational needs. A strategic use of technology for improving productivity was not evident. While formal internet skills were generally common among every user, most interviewees were not able to carry out more complex tasks, such as finding facts online, as they found it particularly challenging to select appropriate search systems and to construct meaningful queries. This research wants to contribute to the literature in IT and social inclusion. The findings reported here suggest that digital divide can be conceptualized as digital illiteracy because of lacking awareness over data management and information processing capabilities. Moreover, identifying the digital practices of these minority groups could be extremely meaningful for the digital inclusion strategy efforts of Sweden and for a better design of public services.

The Swedish debate surrounding the Swedish and European welcoming of refugees has during the last couple of years engaged actors from all spheres of society. One of the prominent actors in this debate has been archbishop Antje Jackelén who has contributed with articles on the issue together with members of the church board as well as the other bishops in the Church of Sweden. These articles have been published on the debate pages of four major newspapers; Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Expressen and Aftonbladet. The aim of this research is to study the way leaders in the Church of Sweden frame the welcoming of refugees and asylum seekers in these newspapers between 2014-2016. By using a qualitative frame analysis inspired by a theory of framing used in social movement research (Benford & Snow, 2000) the study will focus primarily on motivational framing, i.e. the way in which authors set out to inspire their audience to take action in a certain issue. In three of the articles collective action frames are identified, in which collective identities are constructed and where the writers stress the importance for people to come together and act towards a more humane way of handling the refugee situation. Another aim of the essay is to study the way in which the Church of Sweden is presented as an actor within the frames used in the articles. The analysis shows how the church is presented as an experienced organisation, driven by the Christian faith to take action in the face of suffering. Finally, the result is analysed through the mediatisation of religion theory, using the concept of three media functions; conduit, environment and language (Hjarvard, 2016). The analysis shows how the newspapers, by publishing the articles, can be interpreted to function as both conduits and environments for the religious information and messages present in the texts. Concerning the third function, media as language, the debate articles are interpreted as living up to the criteria of news value despite the use of religious imagery and language. However, the method and empirical material of this study did not allow for any conclusions regarding how the logic of debate articles have been affecting the way in which leaders in the Church of Sweden debate the welcoming of refugees.

The Swedish Migration Board has during a long time had problems with long processing times for persons that apply for asylum. The government has set targets that investigation should not exceed 6 months although it is done in almost 70% of cases. The study's aim has been to examine if steering can be linked together to long processing times and, if so, explain why. The intention has not been to provide a comprehensive picture of the problem but has defined itself to ensure steering impact. The study has been carried out by studying relevant governing documents, previous research and by interviews with administrators and decision-makers in two of the Migration Board asylum units. The analyses of the study show that a combination of inadequate steering and inadequate resources have contributed to aggravate the implementation, which has lead to long processing times.

This thesis examines the difficulties encountered in the process of establishing the CommonEuropean Asylum System, taken from a discursive perspective. The focus of the study isthreefold; why are specific issues highlighted by the European Union Member States, how isthe discursive conflict expressed within the discourse on CEAS, and what definitions ofsolidarity are promoted by the Member States. In purpose of addressing these focuses,discourse theory, issue salience and solidarity through burden sharing are used as theoreticalframework. By applying critical method and discourse analysis, this study has managed toestablish that the security issues are among the most highlighted, whereas the geographicallocation of a Member State seems to be an explanatory factor to a Member State’s specificemphasis. Regarding the discursive conflict, the definitions of the concepts mutual trust, fairdistribution and cooperation are especially contested. Furthermore, the external dimension ofsolidarity is proven to be the precedent definition of solidarity.

面對此次難民危機的挑戰，歐盟無法團結一致推行共同的難民庇護政策，反而造成各國內鬨爭端；整體而言，歐洲各國的難民庇護政策大致呈現緊縮的態勢，於此，本文試圖進一步探索：什麼因素促使反難民情緒逐漸高漲，進而影響難民庇護政策轉趨緊縮？其中，又有哪些面向對政策轉變具有顯著的效果？本文以德國、法國與奧地利為研究個案，聚焦國內經濟、文化與安全三大面向，試圖理解衝擊人民心理與情緒的社會焦慮，並提供一項更細緻的觀察與解釋。 本文發現，此次難民危機前，焦慮因子早已深埋各國社會之中，人民的經濟不安全感在歐債危機與撙節政策的衝擊下日漸加深，同時各國社會也為日益加劇的種族緊張關係所苦，而此兩項經濟與文化的焦慮因子是生成反難民社會焦慮的關鍵因素。難民危機期間，大批難民湧入衝擊人民的心理與情緒，不僅誘發並催化經濟與文化的焦慮因子，同時也帶來安全上的擔憂與威脅，催化各國的反難民社會焦慮，進而使各國的難民庇護政策轉趨緊縮。 / Faced with the refugee crisis, the EU had not only failed to come up with a common asylum strategy, but been plagued by increasing disputes among its Member States. The asylum policy of individual states had, in general, become more and more restrictive as the refugee crisis intensified. In order to understand the domestic factors contributing to the surge of anti-refugee sentiments, I take Germany, France and Austria as the cases and examine the dynamic developments of anti-refugee sentiments as well as the restriction-oriented asylum policy reforms that followed. The existence of the agents of societal anxiety in European countries predated the refugee crisis. Prior to the European debt crisis, the sense of economic insecurity was already palpable. The implementation of austerity policies greatly enhanced this sense of insecurity. Meanwhile, ethnic tensions or even conflicts were chronic in western European countries. These two agents of societal anxiety turned out to be significant factors in explaining the surge of anti-refugee sentiments. Furthermore, during the crisis, the sudden mass influx of refugees also had an impact on people’s perceptions and sentiments. Not only did it trigger the economic and cultural agents of societal anxiety, but also brought about the perceived security threat as well. Eventually, the anti-refugee sentiments, catalyzed and reinforced by these dynamics, contributed to restrictive asylum policy reforms.

After sixteen intensive months, I quit my employed position as a security guard at a local hospital. By drawing on my autoethnographic experiences in the form of “ethnographic fiction writing”, as well as eight interviews with my former male colleagues, I explore how the guards’ constructions of masculinity intersect with their security assessment and subsequent application of force, chemical incarceration, and other coercive security tactics on involuntarily-committed mental health patients. The narratives are framed by the available literature on gender and masculinity within the security, police, prison and military institutions, as well as the theoretical notions of gendered institutions (Acker), hegemonic masculinity (Connell & Messerschmidt), doing gender (West & Zimmerman), and Dave Holmes’s application of Foucauldian biopolitical power to forensic healthcare settings. These concepts are used in tandem with a creative methodological tool to reveal the “messy”, “bloody” and “gendered” ways in which hospital life unfolds between the guard, the nurse, and the patient prisoner. By escaping more traditional forms of academic writing, I am able to weave raw, sensitive and reflexive thoughts and emotions into the research design and analysis. The analysis is divided into two narratives: “Us” and “Them”. “Us” emphasizes the gendered ways in which the hospital guard learns, reproduces, resists, lives up, or fails to live up to the masculine codes of the profession. Here, the guard must confront cultural demands to demonstrate physical prowess, authority and heroism during a patient battle. “Them” explores how hegemonic masculinity shapes the hierarchical and coercive relations between the guard, the nurse, and the patient, and reinforces psychiatrized discourses that promote punishment, pain, bureaucracy and control. Overall, these findings call for the abolition of physical restraint, chemical incarceration and other coercive security measures within our healthcare institutions, and encourage future research to give voice to the lived experiences of women guards and security management teams.

Asylum seekers are a socially excluded migrant population, presenting specific healthcare needs, which are often not acknowledged, nor properly addressed by national and European laws. Hailing from areas with poor sanitary attention, exposed to violence during the journey, they arrive to Italy with a high health vulnerability. The aim of this thesis is to find the discrepancies between the legislation providing healthcare access to the asylum seekers, in compliance with the fundamental human rights, and the practical healthcare responses in the Italian context of the North African Emergency (2011-2013), relying on a systematic literature review. The emergency-driven responses to the asylum inflow resulted in a heterogeneous reception and healthcare assistance, as the Italian asylum legislation focuses more on asylum procedures than healthcare, which remains regionally fragmented too. Asylum seekers faced discrimination and barriers in accessing healthcare, mainly due to information, linguistic and bureaucratic difficulties. Therefore, NGOs and associations intervened locally to fill the gap left by the institutional response, with a better focus on the social determinants of health and the importance of social integration as well. After 2013, better reception conditions were formulated and the legislation revised. However, the difference between legislation and practice on the asylum seekers healthcare access constitutes a human rights violation still present nowadays. Clearer approaches should be developed to address the issue uniformly.

Ensamkommande är en utsatt grupp där posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) är vanligt förekommande. Den hälso- och sjukvård som ges är bristfällig och evidensbaserade interventioner för målgruppen på första linjen saknas. Studiens syfte var att belysa hur ensamkommande flyktingbarn i åldern 13-18 år, som screenat positivt för PTSD, upplever sitt deltagande i Teaching recovery techniques (TrT) grupperna. Material har inhämtats genom kvalitativa intervjuer, från sju grupper, totalt 22 ungdomar cirka tre månader efter avslutad intervention. Resultatet visar hur känslor, tankar och reaktioner normaliserades i gruppen. Den sociala gemenskapen och stödet från jämnåriga har framstått som en viktig komponent i ungdomarnas livssituation. Deltagarna har återfått kontrollen för att kunna strukturera upp sina känslor och reaktioner. Slutligen kände deltagarna att de med hjälp av de tekniker och verktyg som de lärt sig kunde klara av aktuella utmaningar och framtida kriser. Behovet av en traumafokuserad intervention som denna verkar finnas hos målgruppen. / Unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) is an exposed group in which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common. The care provided is inadequate and there are few evidence-based interventions on the target group of URMs. The aim of this study was to examine URMs, aged 13-18, who screened positive for PTSD and their experiences of the Teaching Recovery Techniques-program. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 youth from seven groups, three months after the completion of the intervention’s final session. The results show that participants felt that sharing their stories helped them normalize their experiences. Feelings of fellowship and support have seemed as an important component of the youth's life. The program helped them feel more in control of their own body and reactions. Finally, the participants felt that, with the help of the techniques and tools they learned, they could cope with current challenges and future crises. Trauma-focused interventions like this appears be needed in this target group.

This thesis addresses asylum policy from an ethical perspective. The research question is whether the asylum policy of the EU and Czech Republic needs to be as restrictive as it is at the moment. The thesis examines several theoretical approaches to asylum policy, with emphasis in ethical issues. From this perspective, the humanitarian principle is drawn and subsequently applied to the current EU and Czech asylum policy. The hypothesis is that it is possible to adopt a more flexible and open asylum policy in the EU and Czech Republic, with very limited impact on the national and supranational expenditures. The core part of the thesis presents a critical evaluation of EU and Czech asylum policy. The aim of the thesis is to elaborate specific practical recommendations for the future development of the EU and Czech asylum policy.