Après les catastrophes territoriales que le Mexique a subies au cours du XIXème siècle, le législateur mexicain a imposé une série de restrictions sévères sur la possession et la propriété des biens immobiliers sur les côtes et les frontières. Ces restrictions sont décrites dans l'article 27 de la Constitution Politique des États-Unis Mexicains, où il est signalé qu'aucun étranger ne peut avoir domaine directe de la terre dans une bande couvrant cinquante kilomètres de la côte et cent kilomètres de la frontière. Historiquement, toutefois, la propriété étrangère dans la zone restreinte a été toléré et même encouragé par des mécanismes juridiques tels que le fidéicommis sur des biens immobiliers en zone restreinte et les sociétés commerciales, de sorte que maintenant la côte mexicaine, particulièrement la péninsule de la Basse Californie, est dans un processus de reterritorialisation qui fait que tous les jours la terre passe aux mains d'étrangers et les côtes deviennent une zone d'exclusion. À travers de cette étude interdisciplinaire, on essayera de comprendre l'impact de ce processus sur la société péninsulaire et l'évolution du phénomène migratoire Nord-Sud qui se produit au Mexique. / After the territorial disaster Mexico suffered during the nineteenth century, the Mexican legislature imposed a series of tough restrictions on the possession and ownership of real estate both on coasts and borders. These restrictions are stated in the Article 27 of the Political Constitution of the Mexican United States. This Article stipules that no foreigner can have direct ownership of land in a strip comprising fifty kilometers from the shoreline and one hundred kilometers from the border. Historically, however, foreign ownership in restricted zones has been tolerated and even encouraged through legal mechanisms such as the Trust for Real Estate in the Restricted Zone and through Corporations. As a result of this, now, the Mexican coast, particularly in the peninsula of Baja California, is in a process of re territorialization. During this process, the land becomes property of foreigners and the coasts become Zone of Exclusion. Through an interdisciplinary study, we will try to understand the effects that this process has on the peninsular society and the evolution of the North -South migration phenomenon that occurs in Mexico. / Tras los desastres territoriales que México sufrió durante el siglo XIX, el legislador mexicano impuso una serie de fuertes restricciones a la posesión y propiedad de bienes inmuebles tanto en costas como en fronteras. Estas restricciones se encuentran señaladas en el artículo 27 de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, en donde se estipula que ningún extranjero podrá tener dominio directo de la tierra en una franja que abarca cincuenta kilómetros a partir de la línea costera y cien kilómetros a partir de la línea fronteriza. Sin embargo, históricamente la propiedad extranjera en zona restringida ha sido tolerada e incluso fomentada a través de mecanismos jurídicos como el Fideicomiso de Bienes Inmuebles en Zona Restringida y las Sociedades Mercantiles, de tal manera que actualmente el litoral mexicano, en particular el de la península de Baja California, se encuentra en un proceso de reterritorialización al pasar cotidianamente a manos de extranjeros y convertirse las costas en zona de exclusión. A través de un estudio interdisciplinario se intentarán comprender los efectos que este proceso tiene sobre la sociedad peninsular así como la evolución del fenómeno migratorio Norte-Sur que se presenta en México.

This thesis deals with the inclusion and integration of pupils with a different mother tongue in Czech elementary schools and point to the readiness of Czech schools and teachers for the integration of these pupils. The theoretical part is mainly focused on describing the best practices of integration and inclusion of pupils with a different mother tongue. In the empirical part are processed data from observations of lessons, interviews with teachers, educational consultant, school principals and interviews and published case studies of students with a different mother tongue. Research case study approach is the inclusion of pupils with a different mother tongue and the questionnaire. KEYWORDS Mother tongue, multicultural, inclusion, integration, foreigner, discrimination, migration, seeker, individual study plan.

The main intention of this thesis is to open the problem of the theme of social work with migrants beyond a registrated social services, which has been continously working in parallel with an execution of the services beyond a registrated social services, but which has not been mapped yet. The methods which had been used, had been the questionnaires of the own consruction and half-structured dialogs. The thesis also describes the offer of the registrated social services for imigrants and asylum seekers. The thesis has three parts - the teoretical one, the methodlogic one and the pratical one. The opening part contains the used terminology, the contemporary situation of social services for foreigners and the definiton of groups of persons with migrant experience in the Czech republic, based on the laws and markings used in official documents. This part is followed by the description of Berry's model of acultural strategies, which have intersected the information that has been described recently, followed by the description of the social politic of the Czech Republic and the law specification of integration of foreigners. The second part of the work is the methodology of a survey. In the practical part there are presented the results of analyse of the own questionnaire survey, half-structured dialogs...

Topic of immigration and integration of foreigners to the majority has become more relevant in last few years in Czech and Slovak public. This essay deals with migration and integration on the level of government policies, introduces basic documents and conceptions, which were accepted in those states and the role of ministries and regions. Consequently, situation in both states is compared. In the second part of the essay, non-governmental organization and their role in the field of migration and integration are introduced and chosen aspects of three pairs of NGOs are compared with the effort to put them into the broader context. Key words: foreigner, immigrant, integration, immigration policies, integration policies, migration, non-governmental organization (NGO)

The diploma thesis deals with intervention approaches used in the educational system of foreigners and pupils of younger school age with a different mother tongue. It focuses on the position of pupils with a different mother tongue in the Czech educational system and their schooling. It also refers to the concept of migration and presents the current legislation applied in the education of pupils with a different mother tongue. The thesis introduces the organizations that provide support to children with a different mother tongue during their primary school studies. It also mentions support, supporting measures, intervention approaches and strategies for an inclusive approach. The diploma thesis describes through interviews, examples of inspiring practice and case studies the intervention approaches to primary school pupils with a different mother tongue. KEYWORDS Pupil with different mother tongue, pupil foreigner, inclusion, migration, intervention, support measures.

Gabriela Čanigová Teaching focused on the development of foreigners` language skills - benefits and disadvantages at work with class in Science in 2nd grade ABSTRACT The work will deal with the development of language skills of pupils with different mother tongue and evaluation of the possible benefits of including such focused activities in teaching the whole class. As many research surveys show, weakened language skills in the mother tongue are not only for pupils with a different mother tongue. Adjusting teaching to pupils with different foreigners language could enrich other pupils as well. On the other hand, it is possible that these activities will be too simple for most pupils, which could lead to a loss of interest. Another possible risk appears to be time consuming, which could lead to the need to reduce the scope and possibly the content of education. The research will be carried out in two research groups in the form of experimental teaching of selected topics of the subject Prvouka. In the experimental group the teaching (explanation, work with text, etc.) will be adapted to the language skills of pupils with different foreigners language. Such oriented education will emphasize an increased level of graphic visualization of the content of teaching and creation of space for communication and...

<p>  </p> <p>     When it comes to advisors in Arthurian legends, Merlin is likely the first name that quickly comes to mind. However, few have recognized that Merlin is more than a supplementary character. Far beyond simply giving counsel, the prophet-mage actually makes a huge contribution to creating and governing the so-called Arthurian world. This project aims to examine the creation and consolidation of the British Merlin’s identity in Arthurian literature (primarily from the twelfth to the fifteenth century), arguing that Merlin is more than a powerful counselor of King Arthur—the prophet-mage is occasionally depicted as a racial “Other” when contrasted with Arthur and his British subjects; at other times, he is a doppelgänger of the legendary monarch who rules the kingdom; and at still other times he is a prophetic builder constructing a future that he envisions in the name of God. The kaleidoscopic representations of Merlin and his identities in Arthurian literature during this period reflect how Others—racial and otherwise, especially those who make temporary appearances at the center of the power structure—are perceived, treated, and exploited to help the British audience establish their common identity as an independent social group living in Britain. This project analyzes and compares, primarily through the lens of critical race theory and analysis of identity construction (both individual and communal), Merlin-texts composed and circulated in Britain from the twelfth century to the fifteenth century. The findings are supported by textual evidence and analyses of contemporary historical, political, and cultural context.</p> <p>     The project begins with a review of current scholarship in Merlin studies and the application of critical race theory in medieval studies. It demonstrates that previous scholarship on Merlin has mostly focused on analyzing what his extraordinary powers represent in the texts and how his prophetic ability was used for various political purposes, such as uniting a fractured community and providing a hopeful outlook to people under oppression. However, no satisfactory attempt has been made to explain how and why such an important character as Merlin only makes limited appearances in Merlin-texts and how his importance is continuously—even more profoundly—felt after his early removal from such texts. The mage’s apparent characteristics of Otherness and his abrupt removal from many Merlin-texts have provided ample grounds for the application of critical race theory. This theoretical approach, though relatively new in medieval studies, allows us to recognize that Merlin, as a racial Other in the center of a power structure, is paradoxically crucial but undesirable for the dominant group that has always perceived him as an outsider.</p> <p>     To highlight Merlin-figures’ much overlooked identity as an outsider, Chapter 1 traces the identities of the pre-Galfridian Merlin-figures in two traditions: Merlinus Ambrosius and Merlinus Caledonius. It demonstrates that while these pre-Galfridian Merlin-figures make hopeful prophecies for a community, they are also estranged from that particular community in different aspects. Their varied outsider identities—like wild man in the forest, warrior in political exile, mad prophet, and mixed-raced child living in the margins of society—constitute fertile grounds for kaleidoscopic portrayals of Merlins to come.</p> <p>     Chapter 2 then focuses on the first Merlin(s) introduced by Geoffrey of Monmouth. Through the lens of critical race theory, this chapter argues that Geoffrey’s Merlin(s) is already racially nuanced in aspects like religion and social status. His newly acquired identity as the son of an incubus endows him and his clan with extraordinary qualities that gradually become essentialized traits marking their identity as racial Others. This paves the way for Merlin’s further alienation and dehumanization in later Merlin-texts in which the abstract quality of Otherness begins to be visually and physically apparent on Merlin’s body. </p> <p>     After establishing Merlin as a racial Other, Chapter 3 proceeds to read Merlin as a doppelgänger of King Arthur—mainly in the Vulgate <em>Estoire de Merlin</em>. Focusing on Merlin’s much debated roles of prophet and architect, this chapter explores how (unlike most prophets in Arthurian literature) Merlin is often heavily—and intimately—involved with the future that he foretells, which makes his prophetic words appear more like personal prophetic blueprints in which he envisions what his world <em>could</em> be like instead of what it <em>ought</em> to have been. Since Merlin and Arthur share almost all traits of their identity except their blood, and Arthur, in many Merlin-texts, could only rule by closely following Merlin’s instructions, texts featuring a powerful Merlin often function as commentaries concerning issues like kingship and political powers of racial Others who “officially” cannot be recognized as holding significant power in communities in which their identities construct them as marginal or secondary. This is manifest in episodes like the disaster of May babies in the Post-Vulgate <em>Suite du Merlin</em> and Thomas Malory’s <em>Morte</em>, in which Arthur takes the action but Merlin takes the blame.</p> <p>     Finally, Chapter 4 examines Thomas Malory’s consolidation of the identities of the English Merlin towards the end of the fifteenth century. Through comparing the different depictions of Merlin among Malory’s <em>Morte</em> and three Middle English Merlin-texts circulating in the English-speaking community during this period, this chapter argues that Malory’s omission of Merlin’s early history is a crucial factor that allows the author to make his Merlin more adaptable to the needs of his contemporary English audience. That is, Malory’s Merlin can be God’s mouthpiece, the son of a devil, a trusted mentor, and an incredulous dream-reader all in one text. By leaving out Merlin’s early history, Malory consolidates the various Merlins into a familiar yet foreign face in the English Arthuriad, a meme-like character that evolves each time we encounter him in the texts. </p>

<p>Past theory and research have documented several stereotypes that explain why biases against Asian Americans (AAs) in U.S. organizations can occur, such as the Model Minority Stereotype (MMS) and Perpetual Foreigner Syndrome (PFS). The current project expands on past work by proposing a new perspective of stereotypes driving (mis)treatment of AAs: Mechanistic dehumanization. Specifically, I argue that AAs are seen as more robot-like compared to other racial groups in the U.S., which may explain some of the negative workplace treatments they face. To test this phenomenon, I conducted a set of five pre-registered studies to examine the extent to which AAs tend to be more mechanistically dehumanized than other racial groups in the U.S., and its workplace implications. In a pilot study (N = 1,003), the results revealed that East, South, and Southeast AAs tended to be mechanistically dehumanized and internalized this dehumanization more than other groups. In Study 1 (Study 1a, N= 255; Study 1b, N = 427), a survey and experimental study provided support that AA coworkers are more mechanistically dehumanized than White American coworkers, and this mediated the relationship between coworker race and negative work outcomes (e.g., less perceived leadership potential, more exploitative treatment, and less workplace friendship). In another survey study, Study 2 (N = 473) found that mechanistic dehumanization exhibited incremental validity in predicting negative work outcomes for AAs, above and beyond MMS and PFS. Finally, in Study 3 (N = 477), an all-Asian sample found that AAs’ internalization of mechanistic dehumanization predicted more negative work outcomes (e.g., increased burnout, less workplace friendship), above and beyond MMS and PFS. Altogether, the current work supports a mechanistic dehumanization account of bias against AAs, reveals racial subgroup differences, and provides a novel explanation for why AAs experience certain workplace inequities. </p>

[pt] Deslocar-se no horizonte impossível propõe múltiplas articulações em torno da questão da estrangeiridade. A narrativa Durante a construção da Muralha da China, de Franz Kafka, oferece o modelo estrutural, em que, a partir de blocos erguidos e dispostos num fluxo de viagem, são compostas zonas de vizinhança heterogêneas. Em 2007, Biño Sauitzvy, artista nascido no sul do Brasil, que havia migrado para a França quatro anos antes, retornava para apresentações de seus dois trabalhos mais recentes, H to H e La Divina. São produções intersecionais, entre a dança-teatro e a performance, em que um jovem diretor de teatro regressa como performer, coreógrafo e bailarino. No contato da narradora da tese com esse corpo novo se dá o encontro com o estrangeiro que se revela ali. É ele o meio disparador deste trabalho. O estrangeiro se apresenta nas relações corpo-gênero-sexo, em discussões em torno do eixo linguagem-língua-escrita-silêncio, em desdobramentos sociais, e em diferentes aparições de fronteiras e suas fissuras. Essa situação se impõe na escrita e é discutida no cruzamento entre trabalhos de arte (performance, dança-teatro, artes plásticas e literatura), pensamento teórico e experiência fabuladora. Busca-se assim a elaboração de uma escrita no caminho aberto pela pesquisadora e escritora americana Maggie Nelson, isto é, o de uma autoteoria — gênero que desenvolve a partir de modos de escrita presentes em obras de Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag e de Paul B. Preciado. É a partir desses textos e espaços que se desenvolve uma escrita em movimento, atravessada, por fim, pela estratégia fragmentária do escritor Jean Genet em Diário de um ladrão e Um cativo apaixonado, produzindo uma tese em que vida, memória, viagem e escrita se percorrem mutuamente. / [en] Moving into the impossible horizon proposes multiple articulations around the issue of foreignness. The narrative During the construction of the Wall of China, by Franz Kafka, offers the structural model, in which, heterogeneous zones of similarities are composed from blocks erected and arranged in a flux of journey. In 2007, Biño Sauitzvy, an artist born in southern Brazil, who had migrated to France four years earlier, returned to give presentations of his two most recent works, H to H and La Divina. They are inter-sectional productions, between dance-theater and performance, in which a young theater director returns as a performer, choreographer and dancer. In the contact of the narrator of the thesis with this new body occurs the encounter with the foreigner that reveals itself there. He is the trigger for this work. The foreigner presents himself in the body-gender-sex relations, in discussions around the language-language-writing-silence axis, in social unfoldings, and in different appearances of frontiers and their fissures. This situation imposes itself in the writing and is discussed in the intersection between works of art (performance, dance-theater, plastic arts and literature), theoretical thinking and the fabling experience. It seeks to elaborate a writing on the path opened by the American researcher and writer Maggie Nelson, that is, of self-theory - a genre that develops from the writing modes present in works by Roland Barthes, Susan Sontag and Paul B Precious. It is from these texts and spaces that a writing in movement is developed, crossed, finally, by the fragmentary strategy of the writer Jean Genet in Diary of a thief and A passionate captive, producing a thesis in which life, memory, travel and writing cross (trespass) each other.

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o processo de expulsão do italiano Vincenzo Vacirca, jornalista e militante socialista que veio para o Brasil no final de 1907, ano da sanção da lei de expulsão de estrangeiros. Enviado pelo Partido Socialista Italiano para assumir a direção do jornal Avanti!, sua missão envolvia a denúncia da situação dos migrantes italianos em São Paulo e a organização dos operários na sua luta por direitos. Em julho de 1908, Vacirca foi acusado de ser elemento pernicioso e perturbador da ordem pública, sendo expulso do país apenas sete meses após a sua chegada. A lei de expulsão de estrangeiros foi objeto de análise de diferentes produções historiográficas que buscaram compreender a repressão policial do anarquismo, da criminalidade e do proxenetismo na Primeira República. Menos atenção receberam seus usos para a vigilância da imprensa e a coação do jornalismo dissidente. Vacirca não foi enquadrado como estrangeiro indesejável apenas pela sua atuação em comícios e greves, mas sobretudo pela influência que passou a ter como diretor do jornal e pelas suas matérias sobre as condições de vida dos trabalhadores rurais e urbanos no Brasil. A partir do material da imprensa operária, da cobertura do caso nos grandes jornais de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, da documentação policial do processo de expulsão e do pedido de habeas corpus, esta dissertação busca compreender as disputas jurídicas e políticas em torno aos usos da lei de expulsão de estrangeiros como mecanismo de restrição da liberdade de imprensa garantida pela Constituição de 1891. / [en] This Master dissertation analyzes the expulsion process of the italian Vincenzo Vacirca, journalist and socialist militant who came to Brazil at the end of 1907 when the law that regulated expulsion of foreigners was sanctioned. Sent by the Italian Socialist Party to take over the of the Avanti! Newspaper, his mission involved denouncing the situation of Italian migrants in Sao Paulo and organizing the workers in their struggle for rights. In July 1908, Vacirca was accused of being a pernicious element and disturbing public order, being expelled from the country just seven months after his arrival. The expulsion of foreigners law was the object of analysis of different historiographical productions that sought to understand the police repression of anarchism, crime and pimping in the First Brazilian Republic. Less attention has been paid to its use for press surveillance and coercion of dissenting journalism. Vacirca was not classified as an undesirable foreigner only for his performance in rallies and strikes, but above all for his influence as director of the newspaper and for his articles on the living conditions of rural and urban workers in Brazil. Through data from the worker s press, coverage from the major newspapers of Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, as well as police documentation of the expulsion process and habeas corpus request, this dissertation seeks to understand the legal and political disputes regarding the uses of the law of expulsion of foreigners as a means of restricting press freedom guaranteed by the 1891 Constitution.