This project follows recent scholarship that challenges an older paradigm of the social gospel tradition's demise after World War I. It undertakes a multifaceted analysis of Harry Emerson Fosdick, his local and national audiences, and his context of The Riverside Church--as building and as congregation--as a means of tracing the contours of the social gospel through the Great Depression. Fosdick was an internationally known liberal Protestant minister who was prominent in efforts to rearticulate the social gospel and maintain its relevance in the postwar period. He grounded his interpretation of the social gospel in personalist philosophy, which asserted individual personality as irreducible, yet also shaped within social networks. Personalism manifested liberal Protestantism's emphasis on experience, pairing well with the interest in psychology that burgeoned in the early twentieth century, and which was prominent in Fosdick's preaching and writing. I refer to this threefold convergence of liberal theology, social gospel critique and activism, and personalist philosophy as social gospel personalism. While social gospel personalism promoted activity to bring about social change, I find within it a rhetorical tendency to prioritize attention to the psychological development of personality as the primary means through which the aim of transforming society would be met. In this dissertation, I attend to the ways in which social gospel personalism as articulated by Fosdick and embodied in The Riverside Church was particularly classed, with attendant blind spots and limitations, while simultaneously serving to provide its white, middle class adherents with a religious grounding that helped them weather a period of acute social and economic upheaval. Recent scholarship on American religious liberalism seeks to move beyond the narratives of Protestantism, but I argue that Fosdick and Riverside, by virtue of their cultural prominence, represent an important attempt to find personal grounding amidst depersonalizing social currents, and a religious vocabulary for critiquing those social forces that diminished the person. To make this argument, I engage social gospel personalism from multiple angles. I begin with an analysis of Fosdick's preaching and writing, situating him within the social gospel tradition and tracing the presence of personalist thought throughout his message. I then consider Fosdick as a mediated phenomenon, allowing an examination of the ways in which his message was received and utilized by his multiple audiences, suggesting that the dynamics of mediation tended to heighten the individual, existential elements of Fosdick's message. In turning to the Riverside Church itself, I interpret the building as a site within which social gospel personalism was embodied and enabled, attending to the utilization of space as both reflective of and formative of religious practice. Finally, I analyze two of Riverside's programmatic responses to the vast unemployment engendered by the Great Depression as a means of illuminating the ways in which social gospel personalism was and was not prepared to meet the crisis. / Religion

With the rise of the Popular Front during the 1930s, the American Left came together under the symbols of the “people” and “America,” and as its ranks swelled with modernity’s disenfranchised, radicals utilized the structures and discourses of modernity in the name of political struggle against exploitive American capitalism and fascism abroad. Science fiction and its devoted fan community were among these structures and discourses. Though both were largely conservative, entwined with American corporate capitalism, one group of fans embraced Communism and hoped to politicize science fiction and its fandom. The Michelists, as they called themselves, worked through the established channels of science fiction and fandom advocating a unique Marxist understanding of science fiction. This report situates them within the Popular Front, particularly its discourses of science and popular culture, and highlights how the particularities of the genre and its fandom shaped their political beliefs and actions. / text

"The purpose of this study will be to picture the three-fold aspect of the C.C.C. educational program. This will be done in five chapters. This, the first chapter, will describe the conditions leading up to the creation of the C.C.C. It will show how education became the prime motivation of the whole C.C.C. and it will show how the permanency of the C.C.C. depends on the type of education that is evolved. Then, chapters two, three and four will analyze the three phases of C.C.C. education. These chapters will be concerned with (1) leisure time activities, (2) vocational education, and (3) academic education. The final chapter will deal with the social and economic results of the three-fold educational program in the C.C.C. Through the entire study there will be a definite attempt to establish certain results and to evaluate them according to the gains that have been made in C.C.C. education since the beginning in 1933."-- leaves 1-2.

Résumé Dissertation analysis raising of phenomenon of automobilism in the american city of Detroit in first half of 20. century. Analysis is focus primarily on the "Big Three" of car producers: Ford Motor Company, General Motors a Chrysler LLC. Analysis is temporalily delimitated with two moments, closely conected with developing of automobilism: Increase of popularity of cars at the begin of 20. century and Great depression. Important moments in delimitated time period were especially: founding of Ford Motor Company in 1903, founding of General Motors in 1908, implementation of assembly line by Henry Ford in 1913, founding of Chrysler LLC in 1925 and of course the Great Depresion from 1929. Special priority is focus on the personality od Henry Ford and his style of organization of work, company development and inovations, that were introduced mostly by his company, followed by others. Henry Ford has absolutely special position, mostly because of his complex care of his employes.Objective of this work is not only to analyze unprecedent increase and development of the city of Detroit, but also to describe demographical change of society, due by the development of automobile industry in the state of Michigan. Major question is: How the city of Detroit was changed in connection with industrial development,...

This thesis is an attempt to render theatrically the establishment and eventual dissolution of the Federal Theatre Project, from the point of view of its appointed director Hallie Flanagan. Drawn from a variety of historical sources, including subjective first-person accounts and objective transcripts of congressional investigation testimony, the play approximates the structure of the Living Newspaper, a style of presentation adopted by the Federal Theatre Project. This thesis also includes an appendix, which details my playwriting process for this particular play, from initial concept through to production.

Considerando o conceito de épico tal como o analisado por teóricos do teatro como Szondi (2001) e Rosenfeld (2006), este trabalho objetiva empreender a análise de elementos épicos presentes na estrutura de The American Clock (O Relógio Americano, 1980), do dramaturgo norte-americano Arthur Miller (1915-2005). O estudo será de como a forma teatral desta peça (com seus traços épicos) representa cenicamente a Grande Depressão econômica que assolou os Estados Unidos após a quebra da bolsa de valores em 1929 e durante toda a década de 1930. The American Clock conta com mais de 40 personagens (muitos deles também narrado-res) que comentam e ao mesmo tempo vivenciam os problemas gerados pela recessão econô-mica dos anos 1930, em que milhões de pessoas chegaram ao nível da miséria. Embora não seja uma das obras teatrais mais estudadas de Arthur Miller (tanto no contexto americano co-mo no brasileiro), a análise de The American Clock é fundamental para um maior entendimen-to da poética deste autor, tão debatida por críticos e dramaturgos brasileiros: diferentemente do que acontece em outros trabalhos teatrais de sua autoria, Miller assume abertamente, em seus ensaios, a importância do elemento épico para a construção de The American Clock, e o resultado deste uso explícito e consciente do épico por parte do dramaturgo é uma utiliza-ção mais abrangente e aprofundada de recursos épicos nesta peça, tanto dos que já eram co-muns em outras obras de Miller (personagens-narradores, por exemplo), quanto novos recur-sos como a dança e a música. Outra consequência desta consciência do épico é a apropria-ção que o autor faz de conceitos como o de mural, vaudeville e narrativa oral para a constru-ção formal da peça. Esta preocupação de Arthur Miller em considerar o épico na criação de The American Clock existe, dentre outras coisas, devido à necessidade de representar cenica-mente a Depressão econômica, uma temática de cunho social, econômico e histórico, cujas transformações sociais, políticas e culturais que ela provocou são cruciais por reverberarem em outras décadas da história dos EUA (e, consequentemente, no processo histórico de outros países como o Brasil). / Considering the concept of epic in theater theories such as Szondis (2001) and Rosenfelds (2006), this research aims at analyzing the epic elements present in the structure of The Amer-ican Clock (1980), a play by the American playwright Arthur Miller (1915-2005). The objec-tive is to study how this plays theatrical form (with its epic traces) puts on stage the Great Depression, which was responsible for devastating The United States economy after the 1929 stock market crash and during the 1930s. The American Clock contains more than 40 charac-ters (many of them are also narrators) who simultaneously discuss and experience the eco-nomic problems generated by this 1930s recession, which led millions of people to face mis-ery in this period. Although The American Clock is not one of Millers most studied theatrical works (both in Brazilian and American context), the analysis of this play is essential to a bet-ter understanding of the authors poetics, largely discussed by Brazilian critics and play-wrights: Miller overtly declares, in his essays, the importance of the epic element in The American Clocks creation, which is something singular in this playwrights career. The result of this explicit and conscious use of the epic by Miller is a deepened and broadened inser-tion of epic resources in this play, both the ones already present in other Millers works (char-acters-narrators, for example), and new ones such as dance and music. Another consequence of this epic consciousness is the authors use of concepts such as mural, vaudeville and oral narrative in order to create the form of the play. Arthur Millers concern in considering the epic in the creation of The American Clock exists, among other things, due to the necessity of putting on stage the Great Depression, a social, economic and historical subject, which brought crucial changes responsible for affecting socially, politically and culturally other dec-ades of American history (and, consequently, this 1930s economic crisis also affected the his-torical process of other countries such as Brazil).

Diese Dissertation besteht aus vier eigenständigen Aufsätzen. Das erste Kapitel liefert eine Einleitung uns einen Literaturüberblick. Im zweiten Kapitel schätzen wir die Effekte eines geldpolitischen Schocks in einer Bayesianischen faktorerweiterten Vektorautoregression. Als ein Identifikationsschema schlagen wir theoretisch fundierte Vorzeichenrestriktionen vor, welche auf die angemessenen Impuls-Antwortfolgen auferlegt werden können. Der Vorteil der faktorbasierten Vorzeichenrestriktion liegt in der Möglichkeit sehr viele theoretische fundierte Restriktionen zu setzen um so exakter zu identifizieren. Im dritten Kapitel untersuchen wir die Rolle der Geldpolitik während der Weltwirtschaftskrise in den USA. Die besondere Rolle der Geldpolitik gilt seit Friedman and Schwartz [1963] als gängige Meinung. In diesem Papier versuchen wir die entscheidenden Dynamiken der Zwischenkriegszeit mit dem BFAVAR Modell abzubilden und die Effekte geldpolitischer Schocks zu analysieren. Weiterhin schauen wir uns die Effekte der systematischen Komponente der Geldpolitik an. Wir finden heraus, dass der Anteil der Geldpolitik insgesamt zwar präsent allerdings recht gemäßigt vorhanden. Im vierten Kapitel werden die makroökonomischen Dynamiken innerhalb des Euroraumes untersucht. Hierbei schlage ich einen neuen Ansatz vor um die vielen relevanten Interrelationen effizient und sparsam zu vereinbaren. Ein faktorbasiertes DSGE Modell wird gemeinsam mit einem dynamischen Faktormodell geschätzt. Hierbei wird explizit ökonomische Theorie zur Datenanalyse verwendet. Zur Identifikation makroökonomischer Schocks verwende ich sowohl Vorzeichenrestriktionen wie auch die DSGE Rotation. / This thesis consists of four self-contained chapters. The first chapter provides an introduction with a literature overview. In Chapter 2 we estimate the effects of monetary policy shocks in a Bayesian Factor- Augmented vector autoregression (BFAVAR). We propose to employ as an identification strategy sign restrictions on the impulse response function of pertinent variables according to conventional wisdom. The key strength of our factor based approach is that sign restrictions can be imposed on many variables in order to pin down the impact of monetary policy shocks. Thus an exact identification of shocks can be approximated and monitored. In chapter 3 the role of monetary policy during the interwar Great Depression is analyzed. The prominent role of monetary policy in the U.S. interwar depression has been conventional wisdom since Friedman and Schwartz [1963]. This paper attempts to capture the pertinent dynamics through a BFAVAR methodology of the previous chapter. We find the effects of monetary policy shocks and the systematic component to have been moderate. Our results caution against a predominantly monetary interpretation of the Great Depression. This final chapter 4 analyzes macroeconomic dynamics within the Euro area. To tackle the questions at hand I propose a novel approach to jointly estimate a factor-based DSGE model and a structural dynamic factor model that simultaneously captures the rich interrelations in a parsimonious way and explicitly involves economic theory in the estimation procedure. To identify shocks I employ both sign restrictions derived from the estimated DSGE model and the implied restrictions from the DSGE model rotation. I find a high degree of comovement across the member countries, homogeneity in the monetary transmission mechanism and heterogeneity in transmission of technology shocks. The suggested approach results in a factor generalization of the DSGE-VAR methodology of Del Negro and Schorfheide [2004].

The present licentiate thesis analyses developments in Swedish marine insurance during the interwar period, including both direct marine insurance and marine reinsurance. This is done in order to provide insights on how companies of a highly internationalised and vulnerable line of insurance were affected by and responded to new risks during a period of far-reaching international financial and economic crises. Finally, the consequences of new risks and strategies are assessed. This thesis argues that during the interwar period Swedish maritime trade and Swedish marine insurance greatly depended on each other for marine insurance cover and marine insurance premium incomes. The business results in Swedish marine insurance partly depended on the development of Swedish trade. These business results were also vulnerable to currency risks. Swedish marine insurers faced no similar trade or currency risks during the two decades preceding World War I, and accordingly the returns on Swedish marine insurance were lower during the interwar period than during the last two pre-war decades. These factors probably bore their most severe consequences during the early 1920s when Swedish marine insurance on average induced losses to insurers. The remaining years of the period constituted a long-run recovery, and the Great Depression of the early 1930s caused no difficulties of the same order. This thesis also indicates that interwar Swedish marine insurers responded to new risks by increasing the level of cession to reinsurers. Another response was to increase the level of differentiation among insurance lines. This thesis describes the consequences of new risks and strategies in interwar Swedish marine insurance, focusing on the development of the Swedish marine insurance market structure and on the business results of Swedish marine insurers. Though this market shrunk and grew excessively, the relative importance of stock and mutual insurers showed only minor fluctuations. The importance of specialised marine reinsurance companies, however, fluctuated greatly. Also, cooperation between interwar marine insurers and the formation of insurance groups set new trends of concentration for the future. Finally, even though Swedish marine insurance during some years induced losses the Swedish marine insurers never experienced true losses on their total businesses.

In May 2016 Bear Family Records will release its third of three boxed sets documenting the three commercial location recording sessions conducted in east Tennessee during the years 1927-1930. Each of the three sessions was held in a different city by a different record company, and each was unique in terms of the specific musicians and types of music recorded; the three sessions had in common the fact that they were all conducted in east Tennessee and that they ultimately documented a broad range of the musical sounds, styles, and repertoire of Appalachia. More

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo central realizar uma análise comparativa das crises financeiras mundiais de 1929 e de 2008 com base no referencial teórico pós-keynesiano. Para tanto, utilizar-se-á uma análise interpretativa da literatura econômica e análises estatístico-descritivas. De maneira a delimitar a pesquisa, as referidas análises estão baseadas nos aspectos institucionais e em variáveis macroeconômicas selecionadas. Levando-se em consideração as possíveis limitações de uma comparação entre as duas crises financeiras mundiais, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao fator histórico e às dificuldades relativas à disponibilidade de dados do período da Grande Depressão, algumas reflexões podem ser apontadas. Entre as principais conclusões do trabalho pode-se destacar que as duas crises financeiras ocorreram em um ambiente financeiro internacional e nacional (país de origem da crise) desregulado e sob uma conjuntura de grandes desequilíbrios entre os balanços de pagamentos. Tal fato se tornou ainda mais problemático devido à falta de um emprestador de última instância em nível mundial em ambos os casos. Quanto às diferenças, excluindo-se aquelas relativas ao contexto histórico específico, a mais marcante está na forma e na intensidade como as políticas monetária e fiscal foram adotadas como resposta às referidas crises. Em 2008 e 2009 os governos, em geral, empreenderam e coordenaram amplas políticas (monetária e fiscal), com o objetivo de mitigar os efeitos da crise mundial de 2007-2008, ao passo que, em entre 1929-1932, não se verificou uma coordenação em nível mundial, bem como seu uso foi bastante limitado. / This dissertation aims at presenting, in the light of the Post Keynesian theory, an economic comparative analysis between the Great Depression, 1929-1933, and the current financial crisis, 2007-2008. Going in this direction, it presents an interpretative analysis of both crises based on the economic literature and some institutional aspects and statistical data analysis related to the selected macroeconomic variables. Taking into consideration that it is difficult to compare both financial crises, especially regarding the availability of data for the period of the Great Depression, some reflections can be pointed. The main conclusions of this dissertation are the following: on the one hand, the two financial crises occurred in a context that the international and national financial markets, especially in the United States, were deregulated and the United States had a large disequilibrium in its balance of payments. This fact became even more problematic due to the lack of a worldwide lender of last resort in both cases; on the other hand, the Great Depression and the subprime crisis are different in the shape and intensity as the monetary and fiscal policies were adopted in response to such crises. From 2008 to 2009, the governments, in general, have undertaken large and coordinated economic policies (monetary and fiscal) in order to mitigate the effects of global crisis of 2007-2008, while in 1929-1933 there was no coordination at the global level, as well as its use was fairly limited.