This thesis focuses on describing The Lean Startup method, and possible ways for its application in a real online project. The thesis also tries to, briefly, compare this method with other alternative methods of software product development. The goal of the thesis is to formulate recommendations for the entrepreneurship in the Internet environment.

Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas / En el presente trabajo se expone la metodología usada para llegar al diseño de una nueva empresa llamada Backtime, considerando lo aprendido en el transcurso de este Magíster. La motivación para escoger un emprendimiento o Start Up como tema de tesis, se encuentra en el ambiente de desarrollo y dinamismo que vive actualmente el país, y las motivaciones personales que conforman el motor para la consecución del objetivo final. Como toda empresa, ésta empieza desde una idea, y ésta trata sobre el desarrollo de soluciones para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de la gente, empezando por las oficinas de atención a clientes, y utilizando la última tecnología disponible. El uso de herramientas y dispositivos basados en Hardware y Software es una medida que se encuentra alineada con las motivaciones y capacidades de las personas que conforman la empresa. El trabajo empieza con el capítulo del Análisis Externo con un análisis del entorno del país, en donde se destaca el buen panorama económico que existe, además del dinamismo tecnológico debido a la gran influencia de la globalización; Se identifican éstas como buenas oportunidades para establecer una nueva empresa, sin embargo también se identifican las amenazas, como es el hecho de que el mercado se encuentra dominado prácticamente por una sola empresa, la cual se convierte en el principal competidor. Posteriormente en el capítulo de Análisis Interno se expone el diseño interno de la empresa, donde se especifican las principales áreas funcionales, destacando el área de I+D, la cual es fundamental para una empresa que desea ser líder en innovación, y por otro lado la cultura corporativa; basada en la camaradería, trabajo en grupo y compromiso. De la información del Análisis Interno y Externo, se diseña la estrategia del negocio para ingresar en el mercado. No competir directamente con el líder del mercado, si no que diferenciarse de éste con soluciones basadas en Software propio que tengan la flexibilidad para adaptarse de la mejor forma a los requerimientos del cliente. La forma de conseguir este ingreso al mercado se define en el capítulo de Plan de Marketing, el cual empieza con una investigación de mercado, resultando como clientes objetivo las oficinas de atención Gubernamentales, para las cuales se diseña un Marketing Mix acorde a las necesidades identificadas. Seguido se encuentra el Plan Financiero donde se expone la forma de financiar el proyecto en un periodo de 5 años, obteniéndose un VAN positivo y una rentabilidad del 10%, lo que anima a la ejecución de este proyecto de emprendimiento. Finalmente, se exponen las conclusiones donde se destaca la importancia que tienen los proyectos de innovación y emprendimiento para el país, y el anhelo de tener una empresa donde las personas sean el pilar más importante.

No description available.

Most people are aware of the environmental issues that planet Earth is facing, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, expanding deserts and rising sea level. A report from CDP (2017) shows that 100 companies stand for over 70% of the industrial greenhouse gases in the world. The purpose of the study is therefore to facilitate the innovation process of building a sustainable business and addresses the potentials with it. The target group of the study is startups in Sweden developing physical products. Startups were chosen so that already from the beginning of a business, they could be able to build it sustainable. The innovation process explored in the study is the Lean Startup, as it is the most used innovation process by startups (Bortolini et al., 2018). Circular economy is a concept that optimizes the use of resources, eliminates waste and preserves nature. It has been recognized to have big innovation potentials and opens for new business opportunities. In the circular economy, innovation is co-created with all involved stakeholders related to the business, not the least the customers. Earlier research has developed tools, methods and strategies for circular economy that can be used to develop circular projects. With this in consideration, the author addresses the following research questions. • Have startups in Sweden used the Lean Startup process to develop their businesses? • Have startups in Sweden considered circular economy strategies when creating, capturing and delivering value? • Which circular economy tools, methods and strategies can be integrated into the Lean Startup process for startups to develop environmentally friendly businesses? • How would the Lean Startup process with integrated circular economy tools, methods and strategies look like? The study was an exploratory study that gathered data from the literature review on circular economy and the Lean Startup, and from qualitative interviews with startups and experts in different areas within circular economy. The study resulted in a new framework called the Lean Circular Framework, adapted from the Lean Startup process, but with integrated tools, methods and strategies from the circular economy. / De flesta människor är idag medvetna om miljöproblemen som planeten Jorden står inför, så som klimatförändringar, vattenbrist, expanderande öknar och stigande havsnivåer. CDP (2017) visar att 100 företag står för över 70% av alla industriella växthusgaser i världen. Syftet med studien är därför att underlätta innovationsprocessen till att utveckla hållbara affärer och adressera potentialen för dessa. Målgruppen är företag i uppstart i Sverige som utvecklar fysiska produkter. Företag i uppstart blev den valda målgruppen så att man redan från starten av ett företag ska kunna bygga upp hållbara affärer. Innovationsprocessen som undersöktes i studien var Lean Startup eftersom det är den mest använda processen för företag i uppstart (Bortolini et al., 2018). Cirkulär ekonomi är en metodik som optimerar användandet av resurser, eliminerar spill och avfall och bevarar naturen. Den har blivit känd för att ha stor innovationspotential och öppnar upp för nya affärsmöjligheter. I cirkulär ekonomi är innovation skapat tillsammans med alla intressenter inblandade, inte minst kunderna själva. Tidigare forskning har utvecklat verktyg, metoder och strategier för cirkulär ekonomi som kan användas till att utveckla cirkulära projekt. Med detta i åtanke så har författaren svarat på följande forskningsfrågor. • Har företag i uppstart i Sverige använt sig av Lean Startup processen för att utveckla deras företag? • Har företag i uppstart i Sverige övervägt strategier för cirkulär ekonomi när de skapat, fångat och levererat värde? • Vilka verktyg, metoder och strategier från cirkulär ekonomi kan integreras i Lean Startup processen för företag i uppstart för att utveckla miljövänliga företag? • Hur skulle Lean Startup processen med integrerade verktyg, metoder och strategier från cirkulär ekonomi se ut? Studien var en utforskande studie som samlade data från tidigare litteratur om cirkulär ekonomi och Lean Startup, samt från kvalitativa intervjuer med företag i uppstart och experter inom olika områden för cirkulär ekonomi. Studien resulterade i ett nytt ramverk som kallades Lean Circular Framework, anpassad från Lean Startup men med integrerade verktyg, metoder och strategier från cirkulär ekonomi.

Innovation inom försvarsindustrin har under flera år varit utsatt för förändringar på grund av olika trender. Detta har påverkat aktörerna inom marknaden. De mest inflytelserika faktorerna har varit, komplexare kunskapsbaser, ökat inflytande av privata företag och utökad konkurrens. Detta resulterar i att aktörer inom försvarssektorn arbetar under begränsningar. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur dessa begränsningar kan hanteras genom att applicera en alternativ arbetsmetod. Därför introduceras och undersöks det hur Lean teorier kan appliceras för att motverka dessa påverkningsfaktorer och trender. Detta har sedan smalnats av till en Lean teori vilken är anpassad till utvecklingsarbete, Lean startup. Syftet är då formulerat till: Föreslå och undersök möjligheterna att applicera Lean som ett innovationsverktyg i utvecklingsarbeten inom försvarsindustrin. Studien kommer att använda sig av en fallstudiedesign och samla in data med intervjuer. Respondenterna är tagna från två aktörer inom den svenska försvarssektorn. Datainsamlingen gjorde det möjligt att kartlägga och skapa en överblick av arbetsprocessen. Respondenterna gavs också möjligheten att utrycka sina åsikter kring arbetsprocessen för att möjliggöra förbättringsförslag. Resultaten sammanställdes till gap där Lean teorier kunde appliceras och förhoppningsvis förbättra arbetsprocessen. Undersökningen kan påvisa att Lean teori kan användas inom utvecklingsprojekt inom försvarsindustrin. Dessutom kunde fördelarna med att applicera Lean teori hittas. Studien kommer fram till tre områden av kunskapsanskaffning i relation till syftet. Lean kan implementeras även om alla teoretiska krav inte är uppfyllda. Samarbete kan enligt Lean leda till flera fördelar. Lean kan skapa en brygga mellan två organisationer som har olika incitament / Innovation in the defense sector has during several years been under scrutiny and has undergone changes due to trends that have affected several stakeholders within the defense market. The most impactful elements are, more complex knowledge bases, increased role of private companies, and larger scope of competition. In return, these elements create constrictions in terms of limited resources that companies and agencies within the defense industry are affected by. The purpose of this study is to suggest an alternative approach to handle the limited resources and constrictions. The report introduces and investigate how Lean theory can be implemented and used to counter act these trends. Furthermore, it will utilize a Lean theory which specializes in innovation and development projects, Lean startup. The purpose is formulated to suggest and investigate the possibilities of applying Lean as an innovation tool in development projects for the defense industry. Moreover, the study will utilize a case study research design and collect data with interviews, where the respondents are from two of the stakeholders within the Swedish defense industry market. The data collection provided an opportunity to map and create an overview over the current work procedures. The respondents were also given the possibility to express opinions on the work procedures to create improvement possibilities. The findings of the report were concluded into gaps where the Lean theory could be applied and suggest a potential improvement of the current work procedures. The report finds that Lean theory provides tools that can be implemented to development context in the defense industry. It also finds that there are advantages to gain by implementing Lean. The report concludes that knowledge gain can be found in relation to the purpose. Lean can be implemented even though not all theoretical requirements are fulfilled. Collaboration will provide advantages in various areas from a Lean perspective. Lean can be used to bridge organizations with different incentives.

Os Métodos Ágeis surgiram no final da década de 90, como uma alternativa aos métodos prescritivos de desenvolvimento de software. Eles propõem uma nova abordagem de desenvolvimento, eliminando gastos com documentação excessiva e burocrática, enfatizando a interação entre as pessoas e as atividades que efetivamente trazem valor ao cliente. Nos últimos anos, diversos princípios e práticas baseados na indústria de manufatura foram incorporadas pelos Métodos Ágeis de desenvolvimento de software. Um dos princípios absorvidos é o de melhorar a eficácia de uma organização através de melhorias globais. Embora este princípio seja bem difundido nos Métodos Ágeis, utilizá-lo não é uma tarefa fácil. Nem sempre é fácil ter uma visão global do processo de desenvolvimento. Além disso, para realizar melhorias globais é necessário descobrir a causa para possíveis problemas, o que também pode ser uma tarefa difícil. Esse trabalho investiga duas abordagens da indústria de manufatura que enxergam uma organização como um sistema no qual todas as partes são inter-relacionadas. Com base nelas, três abordagens de desenvolvimento de software existentes são analisadas. Finalmente, um estudo comparativo foi feito para avaliar as principais características dos métodos de desenvolvimento estudados. Esse estudo estende o trabalho feito por Abrahamssom et al., no livro Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, avaliando o desempenho dos métodos seguindo o arcabouço proposto pelos mesmos autores. / Agile methods appeared in the late 90\'s as an alternative approach to the classic prescriptive planning approaches to software development. They propose a new style of development, eliminating excessive and bureaucratic documentation, and emphasizing the interactions between people collaborating to achieve high productivity and deliver high-quality software. In the last few years, several principles and practices based on the manufacturing industry were incorporated by Agile software development. One of the principles absorbed is to improve the effectiveness of an organization through an overall improvement. Although this principle is quite widespread in Agile Methods, using it is not an easy task. It is not easy to get the big picture of the development process. Moreover, to achieve overall improvements is necessary to discover the cause of possible problems, which can also be a difficult task. This work investigates two approaches in the manufacturing industry that shares the assumption that the whole organization is focused on overall throughput, not on micro-optimization. Based on then, three approaches to existing software development are analyzed. Finally, a comparative study was done to assess the main characteristics of the studied methods. This study extends the work done by Abrahamssom et al. In the book Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, evaluating the performance of the methods following the framework proposed by the same authors.

Os Métodos Ágeis surgiram no final da década de 90, como uma alternativa aos métodos prescritivos de desenvolvimento de software. Eles propõem uma nova abordagem de desenvolvimento, eliminando gastos com documentação excessiva e burocrática, enfatizando a interação entre as pessoas e as atividades que efetivamente trazem valor ao cliente. Nos últimos anos, diversos princípios e práticas baseados na indústria de manufatura foram incorporadas pelos Métodos Ágeis de desenvolvimento de software. Um dos princípios absorvidos é o de melhorar a eficácia de uma organização através de melhorias globais. Embora este princípio seja bem difundido nos Métodos Ágeis, utilizá-lo não é uma tarefa fácil. Nem sempre é fácil ter uma visão global do processo de desenvolvimento. Além disso, para realizar melhorias globais é necessário descobrir a causa para possíveis problemas, o que também pode ser uma tarefa difícil. Esse trabalho investiga duas abordagens da indústria de manufatura que enxergam uma organização como um sistema no qual todas as partes são inter-relacionadas. Com base nelas, três abordagens de desenvolvimento de software existentes são analisadas. Finalmente, um estudo comparativo foi feito para avaliar as principais características dos métodos de desenvolvimento estudados. Esse estudo estende o trabalho feito por Abrahamssom et al., no livro Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, avaliando o desempenho dos métodos seguindo o arcabouço proposto pelos mesmos autores. / Agile methods appeared in the late 90\'s as an alternative approach to the classic prescriptive planning approaches to software development. They propose a new style of development, eliminating excessive and bureaucratic documentation, and emphasizing the interactions between people collaborating to achieve high productivity and deliver high-quality software. In the last few years, several principles and practices based on the manufacturing industry were incorporated by Agile software development. One of the principles absorbed is to improve the effectiveness of an organization through an overall improvement. Although this principle is quite widespread in Agile Methods, using it is not an easy task. It is not easy to get the big picture of the development process. Moreover, to achieve overall improvements is necessary to discover the cause of possible problems, which can also be a difficult task. This work investigates two approaches in the manufacturing industry that shares the assumption that the whole organization is focused on overall throughput, not on micro-optimization. Based on then, three approaches to existing software development are analyzed. Finally, a comparative study was done to assess the main characteristics of the studied methods. This study extends the work done by Abrahamssom et al. In the book Agile Software Development: Current Research and Future Directions, evaluating the performance of the methods following the framework proposed by the same authors.

Incubators have become a popular way for corporations to stay in front of their competition because,y pos today´s startups are an immense spring of innovation as many possess emerging innovation. These corporate incubators offer the startups a support system where they can test and leapfrog their innovations, and add innovation to the corporations. However, there is a large difference between these two parties, which makrs successful collaboration a challenge.  This study examines how to improve this collaboration based on information obtained through an embedded case study of a large corporate incubator and startups present within it. The main findings suggest three important factors for a large enterprise to gain the most value out of their incubators: (1) clear communication, (2) startups need to know what their  objective is, and (3) incubator support from the organization. To leverage startup innovation in a corporate incubator and to attain these three factors, three building blocks for a corporate incubator have been identified: selection process, case building, and graduation. / Inkubatorer har blivit ett populärt sätt för företag att vara konkurrenskraftiga eftersom dagens startups är en enorm källa av innovation. Dessa företagsinkubatorer erbjuder startups ett supportsystem där de kan testa och accelerera deras innovationsprocess och erbjuda innobation till företagen. Men, det är emellertid en stor skillnad mellan dessa två parter, vilket gör ett framgångsrikt samarbete till en utmaning.  Denna studie undersöker hur man kan förbättra detta samarbete baserat på information som erhållits genom en fallstudie av en stor företagsinkubator och dess startups. Resultatet av denna fallstudie är tre viktiga faktorer som behövs för att ett företag ska få ut det mesta av deras inkubator. (1) Tydlig kommunikation, (2) medvetenhet från startups av vad de behöver och (3) inkbatorstöd från hela företaget. För att utnyttja den innovation som startups tillför och för att uppnå dessa tre faktorer, tre delar av processen för en företafsinkubator identifierades: Urvalsprocessen, sammarbetsfasen och examen.

No description available.

Atualmente as organizações enfrentam grandes desafios como por exemplo a necessidade de reduzir o ciclo de vida de produtos e serviços, enfrentar exigências de qualidade superiores, menores tempo de desenvolvimento e menores custos de produção, devendo buscar a excelência produtiva mas, contraditoriamente também sendo cobradas pelo desenvolvimento de inovações e pela busca de maior agilidade. Neste cenário verifica-se o aumento na importância das startups, organizações que exploram novas oportunidades no mercado e que apresentam grande potencial para geração de inovações radicais. Apesar do aumento da sua relevância, ainda existem poucos modelos elaborados e validados, capazes de auxiliar estas organizações em seu processo inicial de estruturação de operação. Como consequência, atualmente as startups podem adotar técnicas inadequadas à sua realidade, reconhecidamente burocráticas, inflexíveis e pouco inovadoras. Buscando reduzir esta lacuna de conhecimento este estudo propõe um Framework Cíclico que visa contribuir com as startups em seu processo de geração e refinamento de conceitos e na estruturação inicial da sua operação, tendo como objetivo facilitar o atingimento do sucesso. Para o seu desenvolvimento inicialmente foi realizada ampla revisão bibliográfica, resultando numa primeira versão do Framework. Esta versão foi utilizada para a realização de dois estudos de caso que, em conjunto com a qualificação, resultou em alterações no seu layout porém manteve suas características essenciais. Uma segunda versão do Framework Cíclico foi avaliada em um painel que contou com a participação de 8 especialistas em startups, profissionais conceituados cujas observações foram analisadas utilizando de Análise Qualitativa, resultando numa mudança de etapa no Framework, incorporando o Canvas do Value Proposition Design e algumas contribuições no detalhamento das etapas. Com a terceira versão do Framework estruturada foi realizada uma survey que contou com a participação de 88 empreendedores de startups consideradas de sucesso. Para isto, de forma a estabelecer a amostra da pesquisa foram selecionadas startups com existência de mais de um ano, já aceleradas ou em processo de aceleração em aceleradoras brasileiras. Os resultados obtidos foram trabalhados com aplicação de Análise Qualitativa e Análise Fatorial e, como resultados, ocorreu a mudança de posicionamento de uma etapa, além da contribuições que destacam alguns pontos de atenção no desenvolvimento das diferentes etapas. Assim, foi obtida a versão final do Framework Cíclico, correspondendo ao objetivo proposto para este estudo, auxiliar na geração e refinamento de conceitos e estruturação da operação inicial de negócios inovadores. / Currently organizations face major challenges such as the need to reduce product and service life cycles, to obtain higher quality standards and lower production costs, aiming to obtain excellence in production but, contradictorily, aiming to develop significant innovations and to foster more agility. In this scenario it is possible to observe the growing importance of startups, emerging companies that explore new market opportunities and have big potential for the generation of radical innovations. Despite the increase of their relevance, until now there are few structured and validated models, capable of contributing with these organizations in their initial phases. As a consequence, currently startups can only adopt techniques that are inadequate to their reality since they are bureaucratic, inflexible and little innovative. Aiming to reduce this gap of knowledge, this research proposes a Cyclic Framework that aims to contribute with the startups in their process of generation and refinement of concepts and in the initial structuration of its operation, in order to facilitate the achievement of success. For the development of the first version an extensive literature review was performed. This version of the Framework was applied in two case studies that, in conjunction with the qualification, resulted in changes in the layout of the Framework but maintained its essencial characteristics. This second version of the Cyclic Framework was evaluated in a panel that counted with the participation of 8 specialists in startups, recognized professionals whose observations have been analyzed with the application of qualitative analysis. As a result a stage changed in Framework, including Canvas of Value Proposition Design and some other contributions were incorporated into the detailed steps of the Framework. Considering this third version of the Framework structured and validated, a final survey was performed and 88 entrepreneurs of startups participated. The sample for this research was selected at startups with existence of more than one year, that are already accelerated or in acceleration process at Brazilian accelerators. The obtained results were analyzed with the application of Qualitative Analysis and quantitative Factor Analysis and, as results, there was a change in the position of a step and the improvement of points of attention in the development of different steps. As a result the final version of the Cyclic Framework was developed and the main objective of this study was obtained, the development of a tool to contribute in the generation and improvement of concepts and structuring in the initial operation of innovative businesses.