This thesis is the written result of a practice-based PhD. The thesis presents a 'located' model of curatorial practice that aims to actively benefit the cultural landscape of host regions. It challenges existing definitions of 'the curatorial', taking a multidisciplinary understanding of curatorial practice and evaluating curatorial methods in light of recent geo-political developments. Concerned with the effects of changes in European cultural policy, and the geopolitical position of the Mediterranean basin, this thesis evaluates contemporary curatorial practices in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership context and, through practice-based interventions, suggests ways to develop situated curatorial processes, appropriate to their geographical context. Specifically, I argue that the temporary, large-scale exhibition formats financially supported by EU policies, such as the European Regional Development Fund, are not necessarily the most appropriate or beneficial to the cultural development of their host regions. I therefore propose an alternative set of methods, tools and considerations for a self-reflexive model of curatorial practice. This proposal takes the form of a curatorial initiative 'Vessel'; a long-term practice-based research project that seeks models of practice that effectively enable local engagement in cultural production, allowing culture to flourish independently of larger hegemonies. Several of Vessel's experimental initiatives are presented here, and appraised in order to build a theoretical understanding of 'located' curatorial practices that can inform alternative approaches. This research is developed through case studies of Manifesta, Liminal Spaces, Matadero and Intermediae; all of them testing grounds for 'Vessel', a curatorial initiative based in Puglia, Italy. Puglia has been chosen as a site for this research because of its central role in the current Mediterranean situation. This thesis illustrates the theoretical, geographical and historical context of this investigative project, and documents the evolution and outcomes of the curatorial initiative attempted. This thesis represents the first practice-based study of contemporary curatorial practices in the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EUROMED) context, which seeks primarily to develop situated curatorial processes appropriate to their geographical context. The thesis discusses aspects of human geography, cultural studies, social science and European studies, all filtered through practical implementation and reflective examination of the main discipline of interest: curatorial studies. This research acknowledges the role of the curator as a mediator between cultural producers and the political and bureaucratic conditions for cultural production. This role offers the opportunity to develop an awareness of the potential influence of those conditions on the artists, their work and their audiences. In other words, the curator is in a unique position to have an overview of the practices, interests and concerns of cultural producers, as well as those of policy makers and administrative bodies, and any potential conflicts of interest that may arise. Thus, curators are in a privileged position to operate as proactive agents, particularly when they observe that cultural policies are not achieving the aim of fostering cultural development. This thesis, therefore, invites curators to consider their responsibility to critically assess the long-term effects of their practice on cultural and epistemological development in Europe. The thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents the research questions, clarifying their terminology and broadly discussing their rationale, context and theoretical focus. The chapter questions current EU cultural and economic strategies and suggests that they may be misguided. In Chapter 2, the level of analysis shifts from the geo-political context to a more specific situation: the position of art practitioners involved in the above situation, and the outcomes produced. Since the exhibition format is popular and has been envisioned by the EU cultural agenda as one of the most effective instruments for creating a dialogue between different geographical areas, Chapter 2 challenges this understanding of the format and the ways of production embedded in it. Chapter 3 presents a series of alternative curatorial approaches coming from the South and related to the four theoretical pillars of the self-reflexive approach: geography, time, process and epistemology. Starting with the methods used to investigate the case studies, the chapter traces connections between theory and practice. The chapter moves through close readings of the alternative case studies and comparative analysis, to the use of self- reflexive practice. Chapter 4 is at the heart of the thesis: it presents the methodologies underpinning both the approach to case study analysis and the practical research. This involves the curatorial proposal put forward and practised through Vessel. Vessel is therefore presented, in Chapter 4, as a self-reflexive model of located curatorial practice that is appropriate for located curatorial engagement. The conclusion addresses the capacity of curatorial practices to cultivate local epistemologies. I propose the outcome of the Vessel research project, and associated case studies as a set of curatorial methods and considerations for a 'located' model of curatorial practice.

Two objects formed the catalyst for this project and can be used to introduce the set of parallel and converging discourses that underline the text. A pair of cross-frame stools, still found in the entrance hall at Harewood today, generate a series of questions, regarding the collection itself and the Regency period, the history of the Lascelles family in the early nineteenth century and the dichotomy clearly present between the patterns of patronage of the previous generation and that of Edward Lascelles (d. 1814). Stylistically the stools look towards Egypt, engendering an investigation into the formation of this particular revival, centred on the figure of Dominique-Vivant Denon, whose text Voyage dans la Basse et la Haute Egvpte introduced French society to the archaeological discoveries found in the conquered lands. A copy of this text is located in the Harewood collections, and it forms the foundation of a consideration of the political, semiological and social implications of the use of a particular decorative style. Questions are asked regarding the cultural implications of interior design. This leads us back to an examination of how and why the Egyptian revival was established in Britain. This has motivated a consideration of the discourses of furniture history and the methods by which we understand stylistic change, and particularly an analysis of the presentation of such collections today and the historiography of English furniture styles. Each aspect of the study coheres around the central theme of the Harewood collection. Material objects such as the cross-frame stool represent a number of social rituals and cultural practices. My aim is to use theoretical models to begin to unravel the meanings associated with such objects.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the cultural background of Matthew’s dream narratives and in particular to try and establish whether the literary practice underlying them is closer to that of OT or Graeco-Roman literature. This will be done by looking at the ways in which the dreams were remembered and transmitted, analysing the text in search of “memory patterns”, devices used in oral and semi-literate societies with the aim of helping people remember a poem or a narrative. Many of these techniques use sound (e.g. alliteration, assonance and rhythm), but some engage with the structure of the material; occasionally an image might be applied to aid memory. Thereafter dream reports from a variety of other ancient sources will be analysed to reveal the memory patterns which underlie them. Subsequently the results will be compared, with attention focused on the few devices which are culturally specific and elsewhere noting the frequency with which devices are used as authors typically express themselves. The outcome will be to identify the cultural background within which the Matthean dream narratives emerge. The thesis will take the following shape. After an introductory chapter, there will be the literature review, followed by a chapter on methodology. The method used in the analysis of dream narratives is new and will provide a novel interpretive approach to this section of Matthew. Chapters on memory, orality and rhetoric, Matthew, and a comparison of his text with dream narratives in other literature will follow. Finally there will be a conclusion. In this thesis I argue that the Matthean narratives have greater affinity to Jewish material and OT in particular than to Graeco-Roman literature. The data gathered in the course of research also allows for other comparisons. Of particular interest are comparisons between the writers of OT and those of Hellenistic background and between Josephus and both the groups just mentioned. Several contributions are made to scholarship. Arguably the greatest of these is the methodology employed in the thesis. I also introduce the concept of ‘translation distortion’, which affects memory where an account of the past is originally expressed in a different language. I introduce comparison of Matthew’s use of oral sources with similar use in Herodotus and Pausanias, the latter living in the second century CE and his work rarely applied to NT studies.

Variability in genes and shell shape of salt water gastropod Hexaplex trunculus (Linné, 1758) was compared among the samples from three Croatian coastline localities, four localities on Greek island Lefkada and two localities from south France coastline in total number of 464 specimens. Genetical criteria were not found for separating individual populations. No variability were found in 683 bp long fragment of gene for michondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (COI). Differences among populations were not significant, even in conection of my data with the data of recent portuguese study (sequences from GenBank). Differences among populations were found by the geometric morphometric method. Based on these results, morphotypes for certain habitats were determined. During the study, high level of tributyltin (TBT) pollution in the Mediterranean sea causing sexual malformation called imposex phenomenon, was proved in this species of gastropod.

The development of offshore wind farms and marine renewable energy devices in the Mediterranean is central to both national, and international, energy strategies for countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. The ecological impacts of marine renewable energy development in the Mediterranean region, although essential for policy makers, are as yet unknown. The Northern Adriatic is identified as a plausible site for offshore wind farm development. Using the wider region (Adriatic and Northern Ionian) as a case study, this thesis examines the likely impact to the marine environment if an offshore wind farm is established. Site suitability, based on wind speed, bathymetry, and larvae connectivity levels are investigated along with the plausibility of the turbines operating as artificial reefs in the area. As offshore wind farms may alter the larval connectivity and supply dynamics of benthic populations, a connectivity map was constructed to identify areas of high and low connectivity in the Adriatic Sea. The Puglia coast of Italy is a likely larval sink, and displays some of the highest connectivity within the region, suggesting potential inputs of genetic materials from surrounding populations. Considering offshore wind farms could operate as artificial reefs, an in-situ pilot project was established to simulate the presence of wind turbines. Macroinvertebrates colonized the new substrata within the first few months but were lower in abundance when compared to a natural hard substrata environment. Time, turbine location, and the material used for turbine construction all affected the macro-invertebrate communities. In addition, fish abundances, and diversity were lower around the simulated OWF foundations in comparison to a natural hard substrata environment, and no increases in fish abundance occurred around the simulated turbines when compared to reference sites of soft substrata. This observation was validated with the use of an ecosystem modelling software (Ecopath with Ecosim), which simulated the overall ecosystem level impacts that would occur if 50 offshore monopile wind turbines were introduced to the Northern Ionian and colonized by macroinvertebrate communities. When compared to the baseline scenario (no simulated introduction of an OWF), the introduction of new habitat had no discernible impacts to the structure or functioning of the marine ecosystem. Noticeable changes to the ecosystem were only apparent if fishing restrictions were enforced in parallel with the simulated offshore wind farm; the ecosystem appears to become more structured by top down predation. In addition seabirds are also impacted by the reduction of fishing discards as a food source. These results are the first attempt to quantify the suspected benefits of offshore wind farms operating as de-facto marine protected areas.

The Change of Morphology and Function of Public Spaces: Case Study of Latakia Since French Mandate till 2010 Yara Issa Abstract: This thesis explores the history and the practice of making use of squares in Syria in 20th century, particularly in the Syrian coastal city: Latakia. The thesis mainly focuses on the period from the beginning of the twentieth century till 2010. The thesis understands squares as a kind of urban public spaces in cities, which have a tradition ever since the Ancient times, and correspond to the Mediterranean concept of the city. It examines their morphological and functional transformation throughout history, analyzes the squares of Latakia and assets them according to special criteria for successful squares which have been articulated by occidental urban planners and architects. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

abstract: This dissertation examines the various factors and processes that have been proposed as explanations for the spread of agriculture in the west Mediterranean. The expansion of the Neolithic in the west Mediterranean (the Impresso-Cardial Neolithic) is characterized by a rapid spread of agricultural subsistence and material culture from the southern portion of the Italian peninsula to the western coast of the Iberian peninsula. To address this unique case, four conceptual models of Neolithic spread have been proposed: the Wave of Advance, the Capillary Spread Model, the Maritime Pioneer Colonization Model and the Dual Model. An agent-based model, the Cardial Spread Model, was built to simulate each conceptual spread model in a spatially explicit environment for comparison with evidence from the archaeological record. Chronological information detailing the arrival of the Neolithic was used to create a map of the initial arrival of the Neolithic (a chronosurface) throughout the study area. The results of each conceptual spread model were then compared to the chronosurface in order to evaluate the relative performance of each conceptual model of spread. These experiments suggest that both the Dual and Maritime Pioneer Colonization models best fit the available chronological and spatial distribution of the Impresso-Cardial Neolithic. For the purpose of informing agent movement and improving the fit of the conceptual spread models, a variety of paleoenvironmental maps were tested within the Cardial Spread Model. The outcome of these experiments suggests that topographic slope was an important factor in settlement location and that rivers were important vectors of transportation for early Neolithic migration. This research demonstrates the application of techniques rare to archaeological analysis, agent-based modeling and the inclusion of paleoenvironmental information, and provides a valuable tool that future researchers can utilize to further evaluate and fabricate new models of Neolithic expansion. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016

A l’interface entre les milieux marins et continentaux, les lagunes côtières sont des écosystèmes très diversifiés et figurent parmi les milieux les plus productifs. Leur confinement les rend particulièrement vulnérables aux apports nutritifs qu’elles tendent à concentrer. En Languedoc-Roussillon, les lagunes ont été profondément dégradées par les pressions anthropiques, en particulier le complexe des étangs palavasiens qui a souffert d’un enrichissement nutritif intensif provenant des effluents de la station de traitement des eaux de l’agglomération montpelliéraine. Cet enrichissement a engendré un gradient d’eutrophisation dans ces huit lagunes, de la méso- à l’hypertrophie, altérant profondément la structure des producteurs primaires vers une dominance du compartiment phytoplanctonique.Le phytoplancton témoigne d’une réponse rapide à la variabilité environnementale, et son importante diversité spécifique et fonctionnelle reflète une grande diversité de processus écologiques et de fonctionnement écosystémiques. Grâce à ces caractéristiques, ce compartiment a été largement utilisé comme un indicateur du fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques.Depuis décembre 2005, les effluents responsables de l’eutrophisation des lagunes palavasiennes ont été déviés en mer Méditerranée. Cette mesure a réduit de 70 à 83 % les apports en phosphore et azote inorganiques aux lagunes, initiant un processus de restauration écologique. Cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre les processus de restauration des lagunes méditerranéennes au travers de l’étude des trajectoires d’évolution des communautés phytoplanctoniques.L’analyse de 14 ans de données de 2000 à 2013 a permis de montrer que la restauration des lagunes a entrainé une amélioration de la qualité de l’eau principalement liée à la réduction drastique de la biomasse phytoplanctonique. Cette réduction a illustré la chute des abondances de Diatomées (3-5 µm), qui étaient particulièrement favorisées par les apports nutritifs diffus provenant des effluents. L’analyse des trajectoires des communautés phytoplanctoniques depuis la réduction des apports a mis en évidence une modification de leur composition exprimée par une hausse des abondances des Algues vertes et des Dinophytes. Cette modification reflète le changement de l’origine et de la forme des nutriments disponibles induit par la re-oligotrophisation. Elle traduit l’importance des flux d’ammonium et de phosphates sédimentaires dans les lagunes en voie de restauration, pour lesquels les Algues vertes sont très compétitives, et l’importance des stocks de matière organique favorisant les espèces mixotrophes. Le picophytoplancton qui dominait exclusivement les communautés est aujourd’hui transitoirement remplacé par le nano- et le microphytoplancton au cours des efflorescences saisonnières. La variabilité saisonnière de la diversité taxonomique et fonctionnelle (taille cellulaire, régime trophique, croissance) des communautés phytoplanctoniques de deux lagunes du complexe des étangs palavasiens aux niveaux trophiques contrastés a été approfondie, et comparée à celle d’une lagune oligotrophe. Cette analyse a mis en évidence des particularités des communautés, témoignant de fonctionnements écologiques distincts principalement liés à la dégradation des lagunes par l’eutrophisation. Les résultats de cette thèse indiquent que les processus de restauration restent inachevés. La biomasse phytoplanctonique tend à ré-augmenter depuis 2012 en réponse à des conditions climatiques favorables. Le phytoplancton des lagunes palavasiennes réponds toujours fortement à un pulse nutritif, illustrant la vulnérabilité de ces lagunes vis-à-vis de l’enrichissement d’origine anthropique. / Located at the interface between marine and continental systems, coastal lagoons are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems. These semi-enclosed ecosystems are very vulnerable to nutrient enrichment. In the Languedoc-Roussillon region, anthropogenic pressures have profoundly damaged the coastal lagoons, especially those belonging to the Palavasian complex close to Montpellier. The latter lagoons have been affected by high nutrient loadings from the sewage treatment plant of the Montpellier agglomeration. This resulted in a trophic gradient among the eight lagoons in the complex, from mesotrophy to hypertrophy, with altered primary producer communities by favoring the predominance of the phytoplankton compartment.The phytoplankton responds very fast to environmental variability. The high specific and functional diversity of the phytoplankton carries information regarding the different ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. Hence, phytoplankton has been widely used as an efficient indicator of aquatic ecosystems functioning.In December 2005, the effluents responsible of the eutrophication of the Palavasian lagoons were diverted into the Mediterranean Sea. This measure resulted in a reduction of the inorganic phosphorous and nitrogen loadings to the lagoons from 70 to 83 %, respectively, and initiated a process of ecological restoration. This thesis aimed to improve the understanding of the restoration process of Mediterranean coastal lagoons by studying phytoplankton communities’ trajectories.The analysis of a database comprising fourteen years of observations from 2000 to 2013 established that the restoration of coastal lagoons gave rise to an improvement of the water quality, linked to a drastic reduction of phytoplankton biomass. The time series showed a sharp drop of the Diatoms (3-5 µm), which before the diversion had been particularly enhanced by the nutrient inputs from the effluents. The analysis of phytoplankton trajectories since the nutrient inputs reduction showed a modification of phytoplankton community composition characterized by an increase of the abundances of Green algae and Dinophytes. This modification reflects the change of the origin and the form of available nutrients caused by the re-oligotrophication. It especially emphasizes the importance of benthic fluxes of phosphate and ammonium, for which Green algae are the most competitive. In addition, the benthic stocks of organic matter may represent a resource for mixotrophic species. Picophytoplankton, which was exclusively dominant in the Palavasian lagoons before the diversion, is now temporarily replaced by nano- and microphytoplankton during seasonal blooms. This is related to their specific strategies to acquire and use nutrients. The seasonal variability of taxonomic and functional phytoplankton diversity (cell size, trophic regime, growth) of two lagoons from the Palavasian complex with contrasted trophic status was studied in more detail, and compared to that of an oligotrophic lagoon. This study showed some particularities of the phytoplankton communities to fit to distinct ecosystem functioning, which can be linked to the degradation caused by eutrophication. The restoration is still unfinished today. The phytoplankton biomass increases since 2012 in response to suitable climatic conditions. The phytoplankton of the Palavasian lagoons still quickly responds to a nutrient pulse, highlighting the lagoon vulnerability to an anthropogenic nutrient input.

Sainteté, tradition spirituelle et héritage prophétique : tels sont les notions clés qui permettent de comprendre le rôle exceptionnel que la ville de Fès a joué pendant toute son histoire comme centre de spiritualité, comme lieu sacré et ville des saints. L’hagiographie reflète cette vision que la ville, et les acteurs de sa vie spirituelle, donnent d’elle-même, une vision sacrée de sa propre vocation et de son rôle providentiel dans l’histoire du salut. Cité fondée par Idrīs II, héritier à la fois charnel, spirituel et temporel du Prophète, et cité de science, Fès ne cessera jamais d’attirer les hommes de Dieu. Les saints, inspirés par l’aura de la ville, par son patrimoine sacré et son destin singulier, l’imprègnent à leur tour de leur présence. Ils s’inscrivent dans une tradition spirituelle qu’ils revivifient constamment en actualisant l’héritage prophétique, fondateur de la vocation de Fès et constitutif de la sainteté voire du sacré. Ils l’adaptent par leur personnalité, leur enseignement et leur simple présence, aux divers contextes politiques et socio-culturels. La première partie de la thèse fait état de la tradition hagiographique propre à Fès, la seconde suit dans l’histoire l’évolution des types de saints et la troisième analyse les modalités et les manifestations de la sainteté ainsi que sa relation à la ville. / Sainthood, spiritual tradition and prophetic heritage: these are the key concepts for understanding the unique role that the city of Fez has played throughout its history as a centre of spirituality, a sacred place and as city of saints. The hagiographic literature portrays an image of the city and of the actors of its spiritual life which highlights the city's sacred vocation and its providential role in the history of salvation. As a city which, having been founded by a temporal, natural and spiritual heir of the Prophet, is considered blessed and because of it being a major centre of science, Fez never ceased to attract men of God. Impregnated and inspired by the aura of the city, by its sacred patrimony and its unique destiny, the saints permeate it in turn with the holy presence of which they are the mediators. They integrate themselves into a spiritual tradition which they reconstitute and revivify constantly by actualizing the prophetic legacy, that is, the founding element of the original vocation of Fez and the constitutive element of sainthood and even of the sacred. Through their personality, their teaching and their mere presence they adapt this legacy to the different political and socio-cultural contexts. The first part of the thesis studies the hagiographical tradition of Fez, the second part follows the evolution of the types of saints in history whereas the third part analyses the modalities and the manifestations of sainthood as well as its relation to the city.

Submitted by Katiane Souza (katyane.souza@gmail.com) on 2016-04-09T22:48:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1690588 bytes, checksum: 301426ac3ef435d5f993aa9eeca78c01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-09T22:48:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1690588 bytes, checksum: 301426ac3ef435d5f993aa9eeca78c01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The fruits flies cause large damages for world fruticulture, much for the damages direct of the infestation in the fruits, how much for the indirect damages with fruits exportation prohibition. Considering crescent demand of importation countries and Brazil potentialities for attempt, it was has been required establishment of favorable conditions for exportation sector development, as well higher exigency of quality for product by consumer. Quarantine treatment for fruits disinfestations includes priority physical methods, applicable by simple form or in combination. Among those, are important vapour and hot water, because showed many vantages on chemical control, but important obstacle to heat treatment for postharvest fruits control against insects infestation in fruits susceptibility at temperature and time required for effective treatment, no affecting physiology and fruits quality. Treatments based on heat use, constituted alternatives applicable on tropical fruits by possibility disinfestations and simultaneous control of insects and pathogens. / As moscas-das-frutas causam enormes prejuízos à fruticultura mundial, tanto pelos danos diretos da infestação nos frutos, quanto pelos danos indiretos com o embargo às exportações de frutas. Em face da crescente demanda dos países importadores e da potencialidade do Brasil para atendêla, vem sendo requerido o estabelecimento de condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do setor de exportação, assim como também maior exigência de qualidade do produto pelo consumidor. O tratamento quarentenário visando a desinfestação de frutas inclui prioritariamente métodos físicos, aplicados de forma simples ou combinada. Dentre esses métodos destacam-se o vapor e a água quente, por apresentar inúmeras vantagens sobre o controle químico, porém o principal obstáculo ao uso do calor para controle pós-colheita de frutos contra a infestação de insetos é a suscetibilidade de muitos frutos à temperatura e os tempos requeridos para um tratamento efetivo, sem afetar a fisiologia e a qualidade dos frutos. Os tratamentos baseados no emprego de calor, constituem alternativas aplicáveis a fruteiras tropicais pelo fato de possibilitarem a desinfestação e o controle simultâneo de insetos e patógenos.