Bien que peu connue, la collection Watson-Taylor fut indiscutablement l’une des plus importantes des années 1820 en Angleterre. Elle se distingue par la personnalité particulière de son inventeur qui réunit entre 1803 et 1821 une collection prestigieuse digne des grands ensembles aristocratiques. Cependant, la fortune de George Watson-Taylor reposant sur le marché du sucre de canne aux Antilles, instable et en déclin, il subit un revers de fortune en 1832 l’obligeant à vendre tous ses biens. Il acquit près de trois cent vingt tableaux parmi lesquels de nombreux chefs-d’œuvre aujourd’hui conservés dans les musées du monde entier. La recherche sur cette collection et ce personnage interroge de nombreux aspects de l’histoire de l’art et des collections à cette période charnière, notamment la question de la spéculation, du connoisseurship, du marché de l’art, du rôle du mécénat dans l’affirmation de l’école britannique de peinture dans son pays et à l’international. Elle s’intéresse également au mouvement historiciste de cette époque encore empreinte de la pensée et de l’esthétique romantique, mais aussi aux questions identitaires propres à l’émergence de nouvelles élites. Autant de sujets liés à un contexte très riche mêlant patriotisme, débat sur l’abolition de l’esclavage et réforme de la vie politique. Elle ouvre une nouvelle fenêtre sur le passage d’un collectionnisme d’Ancien Régime hérité du Grand Tour à un collectionnisme victorien davantage tourné vers l’art national et contemporain. Cette thèse a pour but d’analyser une collection célébrée puis oubliée et de déterminer sa place dans l’histoire du goût et des collections en l’Angleterre à la fin de la période Regency. / Even if it isn’t well-known nowadays, the Watson-Taylor collection was indisputably one of the most important collections of the 1820s in Great Britain. It distinguished itself by the distinctive personality of its founder who assembled between 1803 and 1821 a collection as prestigious as great aristocratic ones. However, George Watson-Taylor’s wealth resting on the instable and declining West Indian sugar market, he suffered a reversal of fortune in 1832, forcing him to sell all his properties. He acquired nearly three hundred and twenty paintings including many masterpieces now exhibited in museums all over the world. Research on these collection and figure questions many aspects of the history of art and collections at this pivotal period, in particular issues like speculation, connoisseurship, art market, the role of patronage in the recognition of the British school of painting in its own country and internationally. It also treats of the historicist movement, still tinged with Romantic thought and aesthetic in that period, and of the identity issues related to the emergence of new elites. Many topics linked to a very rich context involving patriotism, debate about the abolition of slavery and political reform. It provides new information about the passage between the ways of collecting inherited from the Grand Tour, and the Victorian ones more focused on national and contemporary art. This doctoral thesis aims to analyze a celebrated then forgotten collection and to determine its place in the history of taste and collecting in Great Britain at the end of the Regency era.

Malgré les nombreuses études menées sur Austen, aucun travail littéraire exhaustif n’a été réalisé à ce jour sur la représentation et la signification que cet auteur a donné aux vêtements dans ses romans. Quelques articles sur un vêtement précis ont été publiés. D’autres ouvrages recensent, quant à eux, les tenues citées en les classant par thème ou par roman, mais sans analyser les choix de l’auteur. Ce travail de thèse vient allier les tenues qui apparaissent dans les œuvres d’Austen, ou qui sont mentionnées, à l’analyse de ces dernières, dans le but de montrer que l’auteur ne choisissait pas les références à la mode incluses dans ses écrits de façon anodine, et d’en expliquer les tenants et les aboutissants. Elle se servait en effet des tenues de ses personnages et de leurs conversations à propos de la mode pour faire passer subtilement à ses lecteurs les idées qu’elle avait sur le contexte social, historique et idéologique de l’Angleterre de la fin du XVIIIème siècle et du début du XIXème siècle. Deux écoles coexistent, sans que les critiques puissent s’accorder. L’une affirme qu’Austen est conservatrice et l’autre qu’elle est féministe. On peut alors se demander si pour Austen, la mode est un sujet pour lequel elle est davantage tournée vers le féminisme ou le conservatisme. Aucune de ces deux écoles n’ayant réussi à supplanter l’autre, l’examen d’un sujet typiquement féminin pourra éventuellement apporter une avancée dans ce débat.Ces travaux de recherche s’appuient sur la correspondance d’Austen, sur l’analyse descriptive des vêtements dans ses romans, sur des ouvrages consacrés aux toilettes des XVIIIème et XIXème siècles, sur la sociologie et la psychologie de la mode, ainsi que sur la sémiotique vestimentaire. Cette thèse se réfère également aux changements radicaux subits par la mode à cette époque et qui découlent directement des évènements historiques et sociopolitiques qui se sont déroulés peu avant et pendant les années d’écriture d’Austen. Ces changements sont eux-mêmes en lien avec les idées véhiculées par la littérature. Ce travail montre la portée des vêtements dans les œuvres de cet auteur. Enfin, un travail sur les costumes ne saurait être exhaustif sans aborder la représentation cinématographique de l’univers austenien. Ainsi, l’analyse d’extraits évoquant la mode ou l’élégance chez Austen s'accompagne d'une réflexion sur la méthodologie adoptée par les producteurs pour adapter à l’écran les costumes des personnages de la romancière / In spite of the numerous studies dealing with Austen, there has been no exhaustive literary work on the representation and signification of clothes that this author gives in her novels. Some articles presenting a specific piece of clothes have been published. Some thorough works sort the costumes by theme or novel, but without really analyzing the choices of the writer. This thesis combines the attires cited in Austen’s works, or that are mentioned in the dialogues, together with their analysis in order to show that the author did not choose the references to fashion in her novels at random, and to explain her choices, and what they imply. She uses dress code for her characters, and in the conversations they hold, to subtly vehicle, to her readers, her own vision and ideas about the social, historical, and ideological context in England at the turn of the nineteenth century. One would wonder if fashion for Austen is an indication of feminism or conservatism. A further investigation in a subject that is supposed to be typically feminist would make us see better into the debate.This work is based on Austen’s letters and books which are dedicated to the descriptive analysis of the clothes worn by Austen’s characters in the novels, and on works dealing with the garments of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, on sociology, and psychology of fashion, and on semiotics of fashion. This thesis also refers to the radical changes that fashion underwent at this time, and that came directly from historical and sociopolitical events that were taking place a short time before, and during, Austen’s writing years. These changes are themselves linked to literature. This work highlights the impact of clothes in Austen’s works. Finally, a study on costumes would not be complete without tackling the cinematographic representation of Austen’s world. Thus, the analysis of extracts recalling fashion or elegance is backed up with a consideration of the methodology brought by the producers to adapt the costumes of Austen’s characters to the screen

Com base em levantamento feito em redações de vestibular da UERJ de 2003, este trabalho analisa como o concluinte do ensino médio tem empregado a regência verbal, bem como verifica que contribuições a concepção de gramática adotada pelos livros didáticos do Programa Nacional do Livro para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM) tem oferecido aos alunos para sanar este tipo de problema. Tendo em vista que é praxe no vestibular exigir-se do candidato o emprego da variedade formal da língua, os desvios dessa variedade observados no corpus são decorrentes: (a) do desconhecimento da preposição exigida pelo verbo; (b) do emprego, em situações formais, da sintaxe típica do registro informal brasileiro; (c) do emprego de objeto direto no lugar do complemento relativo; (d) do emprego de objeto direto preposicionado com verbos que não o admitem em contextos específicos; (e) da omissão do objeto direto no registro formal; (f) da omissão da preposição antes de pronome relativo; (g) da incapacidade para empregar os pronomes o e lhe; (h) da omissão do pronome oblíquo em verbos pronominais. Visando ao aprimoramento do desempenho redacional dos concluintes do curso médio, o trabalho propõe ainda atividades didáticas sempre sensíveis aos aspectos discursivos destinadas à aquisição pelo aluno das habilidades cuja falta se constatou com a pesquisa / Based on a careful examination of compositions written by SAT candidates to Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) in 2003, this work analyses how the Brazilian high school student has been using the complement required by the verb structure which is called in Portuguese verbal regency. Moreover, it verifies which contributions the conception of grammar adopted by the didactic books of the Programa Nacional do Livro para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM) has offered to the students to solve this kind of problem. Due to the compulsory use of the formal variety of the language in a university admission exam, it is necessary to reiterate the importance of its domain, without, however, minimizing the other varieties. In the corpus analysed, syntactic constructions considered inadequate in the standard language resulted: (a) from the unfamiliarity with the verbs appropriate preposition; (b) from the use of the typical syntax of Brazilian informal register, in formal situations; (c) from the use of direct object instead of the relative complement; (d) from the use of prepositional direct object referring to verbs that do not accept it in specific contexts, (e) from the omission of the direct object in the formal register; (f) from the omission of the preposition before relative pronoun; (g) from the inability to use the pronouns o and lhe; (h) from the omission of the oblique pronoun related to pronominal verbs. Focusing on the improvement of the students composition performance, this study also suggests didactic activities always aware of the discursive aspects destined to the acquisition of the skills whose lack is evidenced by the research.

Os anos transcorridos entre a emancipação política do Brasil e o término da experiência regencial caracterizaram-se pelos embates em torno da definição das linhas mestras do arranjo político que conformaria o novo Estado que se buscava forjar. Chamado a participar deste momento ímpar da história política brasileira, o clero apresentou-se como um dos segmentos numericamente mais fortes do Parlamento. Com base nesta constatação, o presente estudo busca compreender as íntimas relações estabelecidas entre religião e política no Império e como se deu a participação dos padres políticos no processo de construção das bases do Estado brasileiro. A partir da análise da trajetória dos padres presentes na Assembleia Constituinte de 1823 e na Assembleia Geral do Brasil, ao longo das quatro primeiras legislaturas do Império, transcorridas entre 1826 e 1841, procuramos lançar luz a três questões chave. A primeira refere-se à conjunção de fatores que levou os padres a entrarem para o mundo formal da política, via processo eleitoral. A segunda diz respeito a envolvimento do clero com as discussões que perpassaram a problemática da distribuição do poder entre o centro e a periferia do Império, entre poder executivo e legislativo, e entre o poder temporal e o espiritual. A terceira questão trata, por fim, das motivações religiosas que se encontravam por trás das inúmeras batalhas travadas pelos padres no Parlamento que traduziam sua expectativa de inaugurar uma nova fase da história do catolicismo brasileiro. / The years between Brazils political emancipation and the end of the Regency experiment are characterized by conflicts over the definition of the outlines of political arrangement which would form the new state which was being created. The clergy was called to participate in this unique moment of Brazilian political history and it was one of the numerically strongest segments of the Parliament. Based on this evidence, this study seeks to understand the intimate relations between religion and politics in the Empire and how was the participation of political priests in the process of building the Brazilian state foundations. From the analysis of the trajectory of the priests present at the Constituent Assembly of 1823 and the General Assembly of Brazil, during the first four legislatures of the Empire, between 1826 and 1841, we focus on three key issues. The first refers to the conjunction of factors which led priests to enter into the formal world of politics, via electoral process. The second concerns the involvement of the clergy in discussions which problematized matters of power distribution within the Imperial center/periphery; between the Executive and the Legislative; and between the historical and the spiritual. Finally, the third point refers to the religious motivation underlying numerous battles in the Parliament among the priests, which conveyed their expectations of opening a new phase in the history of Brazilian Catholicism.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_vc_me_ararafcl.pdf: 1426959 bytes, checksum: 243f23391f31832ac3faa27d9fd98e10 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo geral do estudo é a observação, no uso efetivo da língua, de construções vigentes examinando-as em confronto com cânones prescritos em obras normativas da atualidade. O objetivo específico é o exame da tensão entre o que propõe essas obras e o que ocorre na língua escrita de 1900 a 1950 quanto à regência de alguns dos verbos mais tratados pelos manuais normativos: esquecer(-se), lembrar(-se), pagar, perdoar, assistir, obedecer, ir e chegar. Paralelamente se buscará um confronto com os resultados obtidos em pesquisa anterior, na qual se estudou a regência verbal na segunda metade do século passado. A análise se serviu de uma amostra do corpus do Laboratório de Lexicografia da Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara (UNESP), que contém cerca de duzentos milhões de ocorrências. A investigação, de base funcionalista, concentra-se nos processos ligados à manifestação da transitividade verbal. / The general goal of this research is the observation of real constructions in the effective use of the language, examining them in confrontation with prescribed models in normative manuals. The specific goal of the research is the examination of the tension between what these manuals propose and what occurs in the written language, in the period between 1900 and 1950, according to the regency of some of the most treated verbs in the normative Portuguese manuals: esquecer(-se) (to forget), lembrar(-se) (to remember), pagar (to pay), perdoar (to forgive), assistir (to watch), obedecer (to obey), ir (to go) and chegar (to arrive). Besides, it will be made a confrontation with the results of a previous research, in which it was studied the verbal regency in the second half of the last century. The analysis has a sample of the corpus of the Laboratory of Lexicographical Studies of the College of Sciences and Letters of Araraquara (UNESP), which has almost two hundred million occurrences. The investigation, that has a functionalist basis, is concentrated in the processes linked to the manifestation of the verbal transitivity.

A la fin du Moyen Âge et au début de la Renaissance, les femmes s‟affirment en politique, notamment comme régentes. Anne de France, fille de Louis XI et soeur de Charles VIII ainsi que Louise de Savoie, mère de François Ier, s‟illustrent par leur action à la tête du royaume et par leur puissance. Sous leur influence, la régence s‟invente, se construit et s‟institutionnalise. Pratique empirique du gouvernement, elle ne cesse d‟évoluer et de se métamorphoser. La prise de pouvoir par les femmes implique un questionnement sur l‟autorité et sur la souveraineté du roi et génère des contestations. La régence s‟ancre dans le sang, dans l‟amour et dans le droit, qui légitiment celles qui l‟exercent.Ce pouvoir se construit sur des réseaux et avec l‟appui du roi. Il s‟édifie sur diverses stratégies qui ont comme idéal éthique et politique une pratique du pouvoir fondée sur la vertu, la prudence et la feinte. La régence féminine est un pouvoir aux multiples facettes. Parole et écrit, images et gestes, signes et symboles, histoire et mythes sont autant d‟outils pour celles qui le pratiquent. / At the turn of Middle Ages and of the Renaissance women asserted themselves in the field of politics and more specifically as regents. Anne of France, daughter of Louis XI and sister of Charles VIII as well as Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I distinguished themselves by their action at the head of the kingdom and by the power, which they attained. Under their influence, regency was invented, established itself and became an institution. As an empirical practice it kept undergoing advances and transformation.Women‟s taking and holding the reins of power prompted pondering the king‟s sovereignty and authority as well as it engendered controversy. Regency rested on royal descent and blood, on love and law, which conferred legitimacy to those who exercised it.This power was built through alliances and networks and in the case of Louise of Savoy with the king‟s support. The exercise of a regency by a woman involved a multifaceted power. Speech and written works,

Com base em levantamento feito em redações de vestibular da UERJ de 2003, este trabalho analisa como o concluinte do ensino médio tem empregado a regência verbal, bem como verifica que contribuições a concepção de gramática adotada pelos livros didáticos do Programa Nacional do Livro para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM) tem oferecido aos alunos para sanar este tipo de problema. Tendo em vista que é praxe no vestibular exigir-se do candidato o emprego da variedade formal da língua, os desvios dessa variedade observados no corpus são decorrentes: (a) do desconhecimento da preposição exigida pelo verbo; (b) do emprego, em situações formais, da sintaxe típica do registro informal brasileiro; (c) do emprego de objeto direto no lugar do complemento relativo; (d) do emprego de objeto direto preposicionado com verbos que não o admitem em contextos específicos; (e) da omissão do objeto direto no registro formal; (f) da omissão da preposição antes de pronome relativo; (g) da incapacidade para empregar os pronomes o e lhe; (h) da omissão do pronome oblíquo em verbos pronominais. Visando ao aprimoramento do desempenho redacional dos concluintes do curso médio, o trabalho propõe ainda atividades didáticas sempre sensíveis aos aspectos discursivos destinadas à aquisição pelo aluno das habilidades cuja falta se constatou com a pesquisa / Based on a careful examination of compositions written by SAT candidates to Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ) in 2003, this work analyses how the Brazilian high school student has been using the complement required by the verb structure which is called in Portuguese verbal regency. Moreover, it verifies which contributions the conception of grammar adopted by the didactic books of the Programa Nacional do Livro para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM) has offered to the students to solve this kind of problem. Due to the compulsory use of the formal variety of the language in a university admission exam, it is necessary to reiterate the importance of its domain, without, however, minimizing the other varieties. In the corpus analysed, syntactic constructions considered inadequate in the standard language resulted: (a) from the unfamiliarity with the verbs appropriate preposition; (b) from the use of the typical syntax of Brazilian informal register, in formal situations; (c) from the use of direct object instead of the relative complement; (d) from the use of prepositional direct object referring to verbs that do not accept it in specific contexts, (e) from the omission of the direct object in the formal register; (f) from the omission of the preposition before relative pronoun; (g) from the inability to use the pronouns o and lhe; (h) from the omission of the oblique pronoun related to pronominal verbs. Focusing on the improvement of the students composition performance, this study also suggests didactic activities always aware of the discursive aspects destined to the acquisition of the skills whose lack is evidenced by the research.

Os anos transcorridos entre a emancipação política do Brasil e o término da experiência regencial caracterizaram-se pelos embates em torno da definição das linhas mestras do arranjo político que conformaria o novo Estado que se buscava forjar. Chamado a participar deste momento ímpar da história política brasileira, o clero apresentou-se como um dos segmentos numericamente mais fortes do Parlamento. Com base nesta constatação, o presente estudo busca compreender as íntimas relações estabelecidas entre religião e política no Império e como se deu a participação dos padres políticos no processo de construção das bases do Estado brasileiro. A partir da análise da trajetória dos padres presentes na Assembleia Constituinte de 1823 e na Assembleia Geral do Brasil, ao longo das quatro primeiras legislaturas do Império, transcorridas entre 1826 e 1841, procuramos lançar luz a três questões chave. A primeira refere-se à conjunção de fatores que levou os padres a entrarem para o mundo formal da política, via processo eleitoral. A segunda diz respeito a envolvimento do clero com as discussões que perpassaram a problemática da distribuição do poder entre o centro e a periferia do Império, entre poder executivo e legislativo, e entre o poder temporal e o espiritual. A terceira questão trata, por fim, das motivações religiosas que se encontravam por trás das inúmeras batalhas travadas pelos padres no Parlamento que traduziam sua expectativa de inaugurar uma nova fase da história do catolicismo brasileiro. / The years between Brazils political emancipation and the end of the Regency experiment are characterized by conflicts over the definition of the outlines of political arrangement which would form the new state which was being created. The clergy was called to participate in this unique moment of Brazilian political history and it was one of the numerically strongest segments of the Parliament. Based on this evidence, this study seeks to understand the intimate relations between religion and politics in the Empire and how was the participation of political priests in the process of building the Brazilian state foundations. From the analysis of the trajectory of the priests present at the Constituent Assembly of 1823 and the General Assembly of Brazil, during the first four legislatures of the Empire, between 1826 and 1841, we focus on three key issues. The first refers to the conjunction of factors which led priests to enter into the formal world of politics, via electoral process. The second concerns the involvement of the clergy in discussions which problematized matters of power distribution within the Imperial center/periphery; between the Executive and the Legislative; and between the historical and the spiritual. Finally, the third point refers to the religious motivation underlying numerous battles in the Parliament among the priests, which conveyed their expectations of opening a new phase in the history of Brazilian Catholicism.

No description available.

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss Wordsworth's evolving nature project, particularly during the Regency, when his sonnet collection The River Duddon offered an alternative view of nature to that found in the works of Byron and Shelley. This thesis argues that The River Duddon deserves renewed critical attention not only because of the acclaim it received at its publication in 1820, but also because it marks yet another turn in Wordsworth's evolving nature project, and one that comes in opposition to the depiction of nature given during the Regency by Byron, and Shelley. Wordsworth's portrayal of nature dramatically changed throughout his lifetime. The first chapter deals with the poet's shifting notions of nature up until 1810. Most of the poems discussed here come from Lyrical Ballads, the key collection of Wordsworth's early years. In particular, I suggest that "Tintern Abbey" can be read as a hypothesis wherein Wordsworth reconciles the doubt regarding nature he expressed in earlier poems such as "The Female Vagrant" and "The Thorn." While Wordsworth continued to express doubt in poems such as "Two April Mornings," "The Fountain," and "Michael," he expressed an appreciation for nature in relation to God in "Ode: Intimations on Immortality." On the eve of the Regency, however, he returned to doubting nature's benevolence in "Peele Castle." The second chapter deals with the Regency, looking at the development of Wordsworth's reputation and the emergence of Byron and Shelley's so-called "Satanic School" of poetry. Wordsworth's career during this time was marked by mixed criticism, as evidenced by The Excursion and Peter Bell. At this same time, his Romantic philosophies of nature were being challenged by the more liberal views set forth by Byron and Shelley. This chapter looks specifically at Byron's Don Juan and "Darkness" and Shelley's Alastor and "Mont Blanc" in order to contrast Wordsworth's nature project with that of the "Satanic School." My final chapter turns to Wordsworth's final Regency-era publication, The River Duddon. Here I argue that, while this is one of the poet's lesser-known works, The River Duddon marks a significant new phase in the Romantic conversation concerning nature and is thus worthy of more extensive study. Not only does this poem portray a more confident trust in nature than previously seen in Lyrical Ballads, but it also serves to juxtapose the depiction of nature presented by the "Satanic School" during the Regency. To highlight differences between the projects of Wordsworth and the "Satanic School," I conclude with a comparison of The River Duddon with Byron's "Darkness" and Shelley's "Mont Blanc."