My thesis is an argument that writing is a struggle of imprisonment and freedom. I argue that a text gains a certain level of power, such that it controls the writer, reader, and critic alike. Yet at the same time, the work presents all of these people with a possibility of freedom, seducing them in with the task of sharing the text's `secret' or deeper meaning via indirect communication. This `imprisonment' is voluntary if the reader wishes to engage with the text in a way that opens the text for a revelation of a deeper meaning, unique to each reader. The writer offers his text as a `gift', an idea heavily influenced by Jacques Derrida's writings in The Gift of Death. I argue that that the presence and absence of the secret is one element of the author's work, which creates the relationship of confinement and freedom identified with writing.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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<p>The capability of encrypting top secret information remains as a major research problem in the GGH cryptosystem, which depends on various attacking methods. The early approaches to attacking the GGH cryptosystem mainly relied on special properties of the lattice generated by the vectors of the private key. Consequently, those attacks are not appropriate for general cases.</p> <p>This thesis presents a GGH attacking method for general cases. A lattice basis reduction algorithm is applied to the public key to get a better basis, which is used to decrypt the ciphertext. In the proposed approach, we concentrate on three lattice reduction algorithms: the LLL algorithm, the approximate optimally-reduced algorithm, and the optimally-reduced algorithm. We have implemented a package in MATLAB for the GGH cryptosystem and the three algorithms. We experimented with two groups of experiments and obtained promising results for lattices of low dimensions.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Crisis situations have the power to restructure knowledge, norms, rules and discourse. The status quo can be changed, transformed, and revolutionized through shocks to a system. These events often lead to chaos and reordering. Deflecting blame, assigning praise and guilt, transcending the situation, and corrective actions are secondary concerns when an organization is trying to change its core identity and epistemic reality. These shocks to the system provide a momentary break in time in which new discursive spaces open and become available. In particular, crisis situations that become marked by high probability/high consequence events enable organizations to establish new meaning. In these moments, a Foucauldian framework that focuses on power as production is able to illuminate certain aspects about crisis situations and crisis response. This thesis delves into the process of how external shocks created opportunities for an organization like the Secret Service to mold a crisis moment through the production of knowledge and meaning. To examine how the Secret Service responded to these shocks, this thesis examines a series of case studies ranging from the attempted assassination of Roland Reagan to the Oklahoma City bombing. In these moments, the Secret Service relied on its ability to create authoritative meaning, discipline the president, and make declarative statements about potential threats and safety precautions. In its ability to formulate these concepts, the president becomes tied to the Secret Service's apparatus of truth production. This allows the Secret Service to produce new meaning that disciplines presidential movement and action. Due to these conditions, the Service pivots on an unstable foundation, which allows it to reformulate and create new protective measures to protect the president in an ever changing environment. / Master of Arts

L’illusionnisme, ou prestidigitation, est magie simulée, mise en scène du surnaturel. Cette thèse dresse un panorama de cette discipline à la Renaissance selon deux généalogies. La première est technique et pratique. Elle se fonde sur la littérature antique des secrets et la magie naturelle, transmises jusqu’aux savants, ingénieurs, artisans, saltimbanques et philosophes naturels renaissants. Elle implique une esthétique spécifique du choc, de la merveille ou de l’attraction. Sa subtilité technique fascine. Basée sur l’ingenium, elle suppose un « double public » de profanes et d’initiés. Elle ouvre à une science spectaculaire, une technique ludique, se révèle un puissant outil pédagogique et un excellent remède à la mélancolie. La seconde généalogie concerne sa réception sociale. La théologie, la démonologie, la littérature et les beaux-arts se sont confrontés au bateleur et en ont fait un marqueur d’illusion. Figure symbolique utilisée par les prédicateurs ou les polémistes, il prend place au cœur des débats sur la nature des actions diaboliques, la puissance du signe ou la transsubstantiation. Faisant du diable le suprême bateleur, la démonologie condamne généralement en retour le « prestigiateur » et ses illusions. A la croisée de ces deux généalogies, Reginald Scot, protestant, démonologue et premier pédagogue de la prestidigitation, en fait l’instrument de la critique sceptique la plus radicale, dédiabolisant les phénomènes surnaturels. Finalement, l’illusionnisme, véritable objet de savoir transverse à tous les champs, permet de jeter un autre regard sur la technique à la Renaissance. / Illusionism, conjuring art or legerdemain, is simulated magic, staging the supernatural. This thesis provides a global picture of this discipline during the Renaissance period, following two genealogies. The first is technical and practical. It is based on the ancient books of secrets and natural magic, transmitted to scholars, engineers, craftsmen, mountebanks and natural philosophers of the Renaissance periode. It involves a specific aesthetic of shock, wonder or attraction. Its technical subtlety fascinates. Based on ingenium, it assumes a "dual public" of laymen and initiates. It opens to spectacular science and playful technique. It is a powerful teaching tool and an excellent remedy for melancholy. The second genealogy deals with its social reception. Theology, demonology, literature, and the fine arts faced the juggler and made it an illusion sign. This symbol is used by preachers or polemists and takes place at the heart of debates on the nature of devil actions, the power of the sign, or transubstantiation reality. Making the devil the supreme juggler, demonology generally condemns in return the praestigiator and his illusions. Merging these two genealogies, Reginald Scot, Protestant, demonologist and first pedagogue of legerdemain, makes it the instrument of the most radical skeptical criticism, de-demonizing supernatural phenomena. Finally, illusionism is a true object of knowledge, transverse to all the fields, giving a new insight on the Renaissance period technique.

Notre travail sur le partage de secret se base sur les points de vue théoriques de la Théorie de l'Information de Shannon et de la Complexité de Kolmogorov. Nous allons expliquer comment ces trois sujets intimement liés.Les inégalité d'information jouent un rôle centrale dans ce manuscrit. Ce sont les inégalités pour l'entropie de Shannon, mais correspondent aussi aux inégalités pour la complexité de Kolmogorov.La complexité de Kolmogorov formalise l'idée d'aléatoire pour les chaînes de caractère. Ce sont là deux raisons qui justifient à elles seules la notion de partage de secret algorithmique dans le cadre de la Théorie Algorithmique de l'information (si l'on sait partager un secret aléatoire, on peut partager n'importe quel secret).Originalement étudié par sa définition combinatoire, le partage de secret a été plus tard généralisé par sa formulation par les quantités définies dans la théorie de l'information. Cette étape a permis l'utilisation des inégalités d'information et s'est révélée très importante dans la caractérisation desschémas de partage de secret efficaces.L'étude des inégalités d'information n'en est qu'à ses débuts. Nous y contribuons en introduisant la notion d'inégalité essentiellement conditionnelles, qui montre une fois de plus que ces inégalités ne sont pas encore complètement comprises. / Our work deals with secret sharing in the theoretical point of views of Shannon's Information Theory and Kolmogorov's Algorithmic Information Theory. We are going to explain how these three subjects are naturally deeply intertwined.Information inequalities play a central role in this text. They are the inequalities for Shannon entropy, but also they are in exact correspondence with the inequalities for Kolmogorov complexity. Kolmogorov complexity formalizes the idea of randomness for strings.These two reasons alone justify to consider the notion of secret sharing in the Algorithmic framework (if one can share a random secret one can share anything).Originally, secret sharing was first studied under the combinatorial lens, only later was it more generally formalized using information-theoretic measures. This step allowed the use of information inequalities which revealed to bevery important to understand the existence of secret-sharing schemes with respect to efficiency.The investigation of information inequalities is at its debut. We contribute to the subject by introducing the notion of essentially conditional inequalities, which shows once again that information inequalities are yet not fully understood.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Magistro baigiamajame darbe, remiantis Lietuvos ir užsienio valstybių teisės aktais, teismų praktika bei teisine literatūra, analizuojama komercinės ir profesinės paslapties samprata bei požymiai, nagrinėjamos teisinės atsakomybės už šių paslapčių atskleidimą taikymo problemos bei atleidimo nuo atsakomybės pagrindai. Šio darbo tikslas – analizuojant Lietuvos ir atskirų užsienio valstybių teisės normas bei praktiką įvertinti komercinės paslapties ir profesinės paslapties apsaugos problemas. Darbą sudaro trys dalys. Pirmasis skyrius skirtas atskleisti komercinės ir profesinės paslapties terminologijos problemas. Antrajame šio darbo skyriuje aptariami komercinės paslapties požymiai, jos santykis su kitais intelektinės nuosavybės objektais, nagrinėjamas teisės į komercinės paslapties apsaugą turinys bei teisinė atsakomybė už šios paslapties panaudojimą ar atskleidimą. Trečiajame skyriuje analizuojama profesinės paslapties sąvoka, atskirų profesijų atstovams patikėtos ir jų saugotinos informacijos turinys, nagrinėjama teisinė atsakomybė už profesinės paslapties atskleidimą. / The final paper to obtain the Master’s degree, which is written on the grounds of legislation, judicial practice and legal literature of Lithuania and foreign countries, deals with conception and attributes of trade secret and professional secret, the problems of legal responsibility for disclosure of trade or professional secrets, grounds of release from responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the problems of protection of trade and professional secrets analysing laws and legal practice of Lithuania and foreign countries. This paper consists of three parts. The first part is intended to develop the problems of terminology of trade and professional secrets. In the second part author discuss about attributes of trade secret, it’s relation to other objects of intellectual property, analyses content of right to trade secret’s protection, legal responsibility for use or disclosure of trade secret. The third part deals with concept of professional secret, content of for several practitioner trusted information, legal responsibility for disclosure of professional secret. At the first sight after analysis of Lithuanian laws it seems that confidential information is protected good enough, but whether these rules will be effective or will they become only declarative, it depends on developing practice of implementation of these legal rules. Information is one of the most important resources of contemporary society. It can take certain advantage in business relations... [to full text]

La littérature en gestion des organisations est riche de travaux témoignant de pratiques transgressives en entreprise, aux motivations très diverses, mais qui souvent, sont le résultat d’initiatives individuelles. Rares sont les exemples de transgression collective en milieu professionnel, reposant sur un désaccord commun d’un aspect de l’organisation du travail.A partir d’une observation participante rétrospective au niveau d’un service d’une multinationale, je me suis interrogé sur ce phénomène qui peut être considéré de prime abord comme une forme de déviance, mais dont l’enquête de terrain cherche à montrer l’importance de l’impact des tensions organisationnelles et des comportements managériaux.Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre comment un groupe est parvenu à bâtir une action transgressive commune et à concilier les exigences contradictoires imposées par l’environnement, en étudiant les concepts de la coopération, de la connivence et du secret. / Organizational management has extensively studied organizational misbehaviors and their motivations, which often are initiated by individuals. Examples of collective deviance at work, based on a mutual disagreement on how to conduct a task, are unusual.Following a retrospective participant observation within a multinational department, I questioned this action which could be considered at first as a deviance. However I demonstrate based on fieldwork, that this action is the result of influences of organizational tensions and managerial behaviors.This thesis aims to understand how a group of individuals succeed in organizing a transgressive collective action, and how they conciliate with working requirements, using concepts such as cooperation, connivance and secret.