Objective: The empirical study of member-group mutual influence in group therapy is an emerging area of study. However, few replications have tried to generalize prior findings related to mutual influence. The aim of this study is to conceptually replicate the longitudinal group actor-partner interdependence models (LGAPIM) employed by Lo Coco et al. (2019) measuring how mutual influence and other factors affect the codevelopment of the group therapeutic relationships. Method: 343 clients were included in this archival analysis. Group Questionnaire (GQ) main subscales, positive bond (PB), positive work (PW), and negative relationship (NR), were gathered from early, middle, and late timepoints. These timepoints were used to generate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and LGAPIM models for the GQ subscales. Results: Significant and increasing ICC over time for PB, PW, and NR support codevelopment; however, mutual influence was not significant for PB or PW. There was significant mutual influence between the middle and late stages on the NR subscale. All relationship constructs showed significant similarity, stability, and residual correlation of individual member and the other group member scores. Conclusions: The current findings support codevelopment of group therapeutic relationships, replicating parts of Lo Coco and colleagues' (2019) findings. However, the role of mutual influence was mixed. For PB and PW, we did not find mutual influence, in contrast with Lo Coco et al.'s (2019) findings. With NR, the pattern of mutual influence was different than Lo Coco et al. (2019), partially replicating their results. Our results on similarity, stability, and residual correlations were all significant, in contrast to Lo Coco et al. (2019). This underscores the importance of replication and power when examining mutual influence.

People with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have a particular difficulty in forming and maintaining close relationships. The Relational Affective Model (Mizen, 2014) proposes that intimate relationships activate claustro-agoraphobic anxieties as the person alternately seeks and flees emotional closeness. The therapeutic relationship is a specialised kind of intimate relationship in which claustro-agoraphobic anxieties are likely to be activated in a process which psychoanalysis understands as transference. The understanding and working through of this transference is the mutative factor proposed in psychodynamic therapies. This study explored participants' mental representation of the internal psychic space of the other. Ten people with a diagnosis of BPD were asked to describe themselves and significant others, including their therapist in order to understand more about (1) their mental representations of the internal space of the other; (2) their relationship with their therapist with reference to internal space. and (3) the implications for the Relational Affective Model and clinical understanding of BPD. Using a mixed qualitative methodology four broad but distinct ways of describing internal space states emerged: positive, negative, nondescript and merged, which I have termed Alpha, Omega, Non-Alpha and Merged. Case study analyses for the four participants who provided interviews at the beginning and end of their treatment were conducted to attempt to highlight any changes in the internal space states identified. A thematic analysis of therapist descriptions indicated participants were positively engaged with their therapist. Negative internal space (Omega) descriptions of self and mother did not transfer to the relationship with the therapist in the early stages of therapy. The implications for the Relational Affective Model are considered.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jocineyla Alves de Oliveira.pdf: 221216 bytes, checksum: daa0c6159cbe6395d64282fbdd392070 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-17 / The therapist client relationship has been a focus of attention in psychotherapy research. The present study explores an aspect of the therapist s experience of this relationship. It focuses the effect of aversive interpersonal occurrences on the person of the therapist: how these occurrences influence the therapist s interventions, how he or she copes with them, and what are his or her perceptions of the effects of coping. Another aim of the study was to increase the therapist s awareness of the impact the therapeutic encounter has on him or her as a person and of how he or she deals with it. Four female psychotherapists participated in this study. Each granted four individual interviews concerning sessions in which they felt punished by clients. The interviews were taped and transcribed, before being submitted to a qualitative, inductive analysis, based on the principles of Grounded Theory, within a contextualistic view. The results suggests that aversive interpersonal episodes in the therapeutic relationship have an important impact on the feelings of the therapist, and on her interventions following the aversive experience. Aversive events facilitate the identification of clinically relevant problem behavior. Elements that would turnout to be important for the therapy process came to the foreground as a result of these events. However, the events negatively influenced the behavior of some of the therapists, promoting, for instance, passive attitudes and escape/avoidance patterns in the therapist and the client. The aversive experiences generally led the therapists to greater awareness of their in-session behavior. Speaking about these moments (during the interviews) changed the therapist s perception of them. / Considerando a importância dada à relação terapeuta-cliente no estudo da psicoterapia, o presente trabalho se propôs a explorar um aspecto da vivência desta relação pelo terapeuta. Ele aborda o efeito dos momentos interpessoais aversivos sobre a pessoa do terapeuta: como esses momentos influenciam o terapeuta na sua atuação, como esse profissional lida com esses momentos (coping) e os efeitos decorrentes deles (efeitos de coping). Um outro objetivo foi de aumentar a consciência do terapeuta em relação ao impacto que os clientes têm sobre sua pessoa e como ele lida com isso. O estudo contou com a participação de quatro psicoterapeutas, do sexo feminino. Foram realizadas quatro entrevistas individuais com cada participante, envolvendo relatos de sessões em que as participantes se perceberam punidas por um cliente. Utilizou-se gravador e fitas cassetes nas entrevistas com as terapeutas. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, dentro de uma abordagem contextualista, sob o método indutivo, fundamentada na Grounded Theory. Os dados obtidos com as entrevistas apontaram que os momentos interpessoais aversivos na relação terapêutica têm um grande impacto nos sentimentos do terapeuta e na atuação com o cliente após a experiência aversiva. Eventos aversivos favoreceram a identificação de comportamentos-problema do cliente. Aspectos relevantes para o processo emergiram a partir desses eventos. Eles influenciaram negativamente a atuação de algumas terapeutas, como por exemplo, passividade terapêutica e comportamento de fuga/esquiva do terapeuta e do cliente. Além disso, estas vivências propiciaram a consciência da atuação profissional. Falar sobre esses momentos (durante as entrevistas) leva o terapeuta a percebê-los de maneira diferente.

This study was concerned with exploring the meaning birth relatives gave their experiences of counselling following the removal of their children from their care. An exploratory research question was formulated and addressed using a qualitative approach. The involvement of a service user as expert supervisor added an important element and certain validity to the design, analysis and findings. Interviews took place with five birth mothers who had received counselling from one birth relatives counselling service. Three master themes were constructed from the data: From feeling alone, judged and let down to feeling part of a special relationship; "The healing process"; and "My children are my world".

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-02-07T10:58:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OLÍVIA RODRIGUES DA CUNHA.pdf: 1022920 bytes, checksum: 24bd2ffbe4cf9a870fd01f4592c43108 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T10:58:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OLÍVIA RODRIGUES DA CUNHA.pdf: 1022920 bytes, checksum: 24bd2ffbe4cf9a870fd01f4592c43108 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-06 / Psychotherapy is focused on the client's emotions, although, as it is a relationship, the therapist is also affected in the process and thus, his or her emotions and actions can also change the course of treatment. The aim of this study is to explore how the therapist decides to use his or her emotions and how the therapist's emotional involvement can be beneficial to the psychotherapy process. A study was developed with 14 therapists, through semistructured interviews, to probe how therapists work with their emotions in clinical practice. The method was based on Grounded Theory Analysis. The results suggest that the therapist's emotions exposed in session have therapeutic utility, helping to access the client's clinically relevant problems or to diagnosis, evaluate or formulate the case. They can serve as an intervention tool to evoke, reinforce or weaken behaviors. In addition to helping the client access new perspectives concerning the other in the relationship, the awareness of one's own experience, they also help the therapist offer relational interpretations and models for new behaviors. Therapists who work their emotions notice changes in their life in the personal and professional spheres. Concerning the ways and safeguards used by therapists to expose themselves emotionally the study found that the therapist decides on the relevance of his or her emotions based on his or her theoretical model, his or her conceptualization of the client's case and his or her personal sensitivity. Pathways for work with their emotions are developed by the therapist, with consideration of the risks and of their personal difficulties, balancing caution, with courage and accepting the client with humility and love. / A psicoterapia é voltada para as emoções do cliente, embora por se tratar de uma relação, o terapeuta também seja afetado no processo e assim, suas emoções e ações também possam alterar o andamento do tratamento. O objetivo desse estudo é explorar como o terapeuta decide usar suas emoções e como o envolvimento emocional do terapeuta pode ser benéfico ao processo psicoterápico. Foi desenvolvido um estudo com 14 terapeutas, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas para compreender como os terapeutas lidam com suas emoções na prática clínica. O método foi pautado na Grounded Theory Analysis. Os resultados sugerem que as emoções do terapeuta expostas em sessão têm utilidade terapêutica, auxiliam no acesso aos problemas clinicamente relevantes do cliente ou no diagnóstico, avaliação ou formulação do caso. Foi possível constatar que, as emoções do terapeuta serviram como ferramentas de intervenção para evocar, reforçar ou enfraquecer comportamentos. Serviram também como meio para que o cliente acessasse novas perspectivas, para que considerasse o outro na relação e para a tomada de consciência da própria experiência. E, finalmente, as emoções do terapeuta possibilitaram interpretações relacionais e modelos para novos comportamentos. Terapeutas que trabalharam com suas emoções na clínica, notaram mudanças em suas vidas nas esferas pessoais e profissionais. Quanto aos caminhos e suportes usados pelos terapeutas ao se exporem emocionalmente, a pesquisa verificou que os terapeutas decidiam a relevância das suas emoções se baseando no seu modelo teórico, na conceituação do caso de cada cliente e em sua sensibilidade pessoal. Afloraram nos clínicos, modos para trabalhar com suas emoções, considerando os riscos e suas dificuldades pessoais e tendo cautela, mas também agindo com coragem e acolhendo o cliente com humildade e amor.

<p>The present dissertation comprises four empirical studies within the area of behavioral treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. The focus is on studying issues pertaining to outcome, treatment process and determinants of change. The first study is a randomized controlled treatment study of 73 patients undergoing 16 sessions of either exposure in vivo (E), or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Both treatments showed clear improvements at post-treatment that were well maintained at 1-year follow up, and there were no significant differences between the treatments.</p><p>The second study concerned prediction of outcome in the same sample. From a variety of pre-treatment characteristics severity of avoidance was the one most related to outcome. Most predictors were found unrelated. Two approaches of prediction were also compared: treating outcome as a categorical vs. continuous variable. The different approaches yielded a somewhat dissimilar picture of the impact of pre-treatment severity of avoidance. The third study examined different aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and their relation to outcome. Clients’ perceptions of therapists and their ratings of the working alliance were generally not related to outcome at any point. On the other hand, therapists’ perceptions of patients as showing goal-direction and active participation were related to outcome from early on in therapy. The fourth study examined different aspects of change. It was found that change in indices of the frequency of panic attacks was not closely related to change in agoraphobic avoidance at post-treatment. Change in avoidance was also more related to other aspects of outcome. At one-year follow-up, a more unitary picture, regarding the different aspects of change was observed.</p>

The present dissertation comprises four empirical studies within the area of behavioral treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. The focus is on studying issues pertaining to outcome, treatment process and determinants of change. The first study is a randomized controlled treatment study of 73 patients undergoing 16 sessions of either exposure in vivo (E), or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Both treatments showed clear improvements at post-treatment that were well maintained at 1-year follow up, and there were no significant differences between the treatments. The second study concerned prediction of outcome in the same sample. From a variety of pre-treatment characteristics severity of avoidance was the one most related to outcome. Most predictors were found unrelated. Two approaches of prediction were also compared: treating outcome as a categorical vs. continuous variable. The different approaches yielded a somewhat dissimilar picture of the impact of pre-treatment severity of avoidance. The third study examined different aspects of the therapeutic relationship, and their relation to outcome. Clients’ perceptions of therapists and their ratings of the working alliance were generally not related to outcome at any point. On the other hand, therapists’ perceptions of patients as showing goal-direction and active participation were related to outcome from early on in therapy. The fourth study examined different aspects of change. It was found that change in indices of the frequency of panic attacks was not closely related to change in agoraphobic avoidance at post-treatment. Change in avoidance was also more related to other aspects of outcome. At one-year follow-up, a more unitary picture, regarding the different aspects of change was observed.

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Η γνωσιακή ψυχοθεραπεία είναι ένα είδος θεραπείας που στηρίζεται στην παραδοχή ότι οι σκέψεις των ανθρώπων είναι εκείνες που επηρεάζουν τη συμπεριφορά και τα συναισθήματά τους. Πρόκειται για μια επικοινωνιακή περίσταση με βασικό της εργαλείο το λόγο. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία θελήσαμε να εξετάσουμε διεξοδικά τη χρήση της γλώσσας στο συγκεκριμένο ψυχοθεραπευτικό πλαίσιο. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, σκοπός της διπλωματικής εργασίας ήταν η εξέταση των γλωσσικών επιλογών που συντελούνται στο πλαίσιο της γνωσιακής ψυχοθεραπείας και ο βαθμός στον οποίο αυτές οι επιλογές επηρεάζουν τη θεραπευτική σχέση και τη χρήση των θεραπευτικών τεχνικών. Για την επίτευξη αυτού του σκοπού, υιοθετήθηκε η οπτική της συστημικής λειτουργικής γλωσσολογίας, σύμφωνα με την οποία η γλώσσα αποτελεί πόρο νοήματος σε συνάρτηση με το κοινωνικό- πολιτισμικό περιβάλλον. Δόθηκε έμφαση στη διαπροσωπική διάσταση της γλώσσας, επομένως η γνωσιακή ψυχοθεραπεία αντιμετωπίστηκε ως ένα είδος διάδρασης. Το διαπροσωπικό νόημα της γλώσσας είναι εκείνο που μας επιτρέπει να αντιληφθούμε τους ομιλιακούς ρόλους που επιλέγουν οι μετέχοντες στο θεραπευτικό πλαίσιο, τα χαρακτηριστικά τους και τη μεταξύ τους σχέση. Όσον αφορά το μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο, έγινε ανάλυση λόγου σε αποσπάσματα από γνωσιακές συνεδρίες που αφορούσαν όλα τα στάδια της θεραπείας. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο μεθοδολογικά εργαλεία: το σύστημα Λειτουργίας του Θεραπευτικού Λόγου (system of Therapeutic Speech) και το σύστημα της Αποτίμησης. Το σύστημα Λειτουργίας του Θεραπευτικού Λόγου προέκυψε από τη σύνθεση των βασικών σημείων δανεισμένων από δύο διαπροσωπικά γλωσσολογικά συστήματα, το διαπροσωπικό σύστημα (Interpersonal System) των Halliday & Hasan (1989) και το σύστημα των Γλωσσικών Λειτουργιών (system of Speech Function) των Halliday and Matthiessen (2004) σε συνδυασμό με την τυπολογία του Labov (1997). Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης λόγου ανέδειξαν γλωσσικά μοτίβα που διέπουν το θεραπευτικό λόγο γενικά, καθώς και γλωσσικά μοτίβα που αφορούν ειδικά το γνωσιακό ψυχοθεραπευτικό λόγο. Επιπλέον, τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι γλωσσικές επιλογές των μετεχόντων φαίνεται να διαμορφώνουν τη μεταξύ τους σχέση και να συμβάλουν στη χρήση των θεραπευτικών τεχνικών. / Cognitive psychotherapy is a type of therapy based on the premise that people's thoughts are those that affect their behavior and feelings. It is a communicative circumstance with discourse as its main tool. In the present thesis we wanted to examine in detail the use of language in that particular psychotherapeutic context. More specifically, the thesis’ goal was the investigation of the language choices that occur in the context of cognitive psychotherapy and the extent to which those choices affect the therapeutic relationship and the use of therapeutic techniques. To achieve this goal, the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics was adopted, according to which language is a resource of meaning in relation to the socio-cultural environment. Emphasis was given at the interpersonal dimension of language therefore cognitive psychotherapy was treated as a kind of interaction. The interpersonal meaning of language is that which allows us to understand the speech roles chosen by participants in the therapeutic context, their characteristics and their interrelationship. Concerning the methodological framework, a discourse analysis of extracts from cognitive sessions, involving all stages of treatment, took place. Two methodological tools were used: the System of Therapeutic Speech and the Appraisal System. The System of Therapeutic Speech resulted from the synthesis of main elements adopted from two linguistic systems, the Interpersonal System of Halliday & Hasan (1989) and the system of Speech Function of Halliday and Matthiessen (2004) in combination with Labov’s typology (1977). The results of discourse analysis revealed linguistic patterns governing the therapeutic discourse in general as well as linguistic patterns specific to the discourse of cognitive psychotherapy. Furthermore, the results showed that the linguistic choices of the participants seem to shape their relationship and contribute to the use of therapeutic techniques.

This dissertation profiles the needs of abandoned or orphaned, HIV affected or infected children living in a South African institution. The purpose of my research is to identify the needs of the children; then identify how the staff within the institution perceive that they provide for these needs; and lastly look at what Music Therapy as a discipline can offer the children in regards to the needs identified. Interviews with fulltime and part-time staff members suggest that the needs of the children relate mainly to a lack of individual attention. Inconsistent quality of care and limited opportunities for forming attachments to specific caregivers were identified foremost as resulting in difficulties with forming and maintaining relationships and social functioning with peer members and staff members, in the institutional social cultural context. The therapeutic relationship offered to the children in Music therapy sessions offers opportunities to address the individual and social needs identified. / Dissertation (MMus (Music Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / unrestricted