Notre sujet repose sur l'hypothèse qu'il existe un "appareil esthétique" présent en chacun de nous, constitué de trois états de présence (physique, psychique et artistique) soulignant la spécificité de la qualité de présence dans la relation art-thérapeutique. L'émotion esthétique en est le centre. Notre méthodologie se construit d’une démarche centrale : terrain de recherche auprès de trois personnes adultes avec autisme sévère. Nous utilisons la vidéo comme outil d'observation pour visualiser le subtil et l'inénarrable dans la relation avec ces personnes. La deuxième démarche : entretiens de recherche auprès de 25 patients psychotiques et 25 professionnels (artistes, art-thérapeutes, soignants, éducateurs) qui ont tous participé ou animé dans des ateliers d'art et thérapie. Notre souci est de partir de la parole des personnes concernées pour faire lien avec l'expérimentation vécue sur le terrain de recherche. Nous utilisons un logiciel d'analyse du discours pour en faire une analyse ciblée sur notre hypothèse. Tout notre questionnement repose sur la question de la présence, présence à soi, présence à l'autre par le détour de l'art. Nous abordons les grands courants théoriques autour de la question de la présence thérapeutique, pour poser notre démarche dans une approche intégrative. / Our subject is based on the hypothesis that there exists an "aesthetic device" present in each of us, consisting of three states of presence (physical, psychic and artistic) emphasizing the specificity of the quality of presence in the art-therapeutic relationship. Aesthetic emotion is the center of it. Our methodology is based on a central approach: a field of research involving three adults with severe autism. We use video as an observation tool to visualize the subtle and the inenarrable in the relationship with these people. The second approach: research interviews with 25 psychotic patients and 25 professionals (artists, art therapists, caregivers, educators) who all participated or facilitated in art and therapy workshops. Our concern is to start from the speech of the people concerned to link with the experimentation lived on the research ground. We use discourse analysis software to make an analysis focused on our hypothesis. All our questioning rests on the question of presence, presence to oneself, presence to the other by the detour of art. We approach the main theoretical currents around the question of the therapeutic presence, to pose our approach in an integrative approach.

The present diploma thesis deals with the self-disclosure of the psychotherapist during therapy. The theoretical section summarizes the present state of literature on the subject and current knowledge of the concept of self-disclosure. In order to grasp the topic more comprehensively, self-disclosure is viewed in the broader framework of psychotherapy. Furthermore, the thesis presents various ways of defining self-disclosure, dealing with the content and frequency of self-disclosure, the reasons for its use, as well as its risks and ethical aspects. The theoretical section is concluded with an overview of the concept of self-disclosure in terms of various therapeutic approaches. The empirical part of the thesis deals with the possibilities of dealing with the psychotherapist's self-disclosure during therapy. The qualitative research focuses on the ways in which psychotherapists use self-disclosure in their practice and on their experiences with this intervention. The data based on semi-structured interviews with nine psychotherapists are processed by the method of thematic analysis. The interviews' analysis results in the following main topics that are related to the treatment of psychotherapist self-disclosure during therapy: various types of self-disclosure; the psychotherapist's presetting for...

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The purpose of this study is to investigate how school counselors in high schools work with students that are exposed to honor-related problems and how they experience their work with these students. We have used a qualitative method and semi-structured interviews with seven school counselors who have experience of working with honor-related issues. To analyze the material we have used previous research along with Michael Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucracy with the concept of discretion and Carl Rogers' theory of the therapeutic relationship. The conclusions we can draw after completing our study is that school counselors experience organizational and honor contextual challenges, but their discretion can help them in their work. To be able to detect vulnerable students, the school counselor uses strategies by being where the students are and asking straight questions. Another important side of the work to succeed at drawing attention to vulnerability is that there is knowledge and that all staff at the school possess this in order to cooperate in identifying vulnerable students. To help students that are vulnerable the dialogue is important both with the students but also the student's parents to be able to talk about the problem and the school counselor contributes with knowledge and information regarding human rights. When the problem is too big for the school counselor's discretion, a strategy for helping will then be to contact other street-level bureaucrats that have the knowledge and discretion to help. Having a trusting relationship is described as the key to being able to discover and help vulnerable students and there are important qualities the school counselor can possess, which increases the conditions for being able to discover, help, create relationships and meet the challenges the work requires.

This research investigates the therapeutic relationship in the treatment process of complex trauma with children under the age of five. The researcher was the subject of the research, based on her experiences in a practicum placement that was focused on early intervention for young children. This research was an art-based inquiry, and the majority of data was gathered from the researcher’s engagement in the art making processes in response, reflection and observation of the therapeutic relationship. Three different perspectives of data where analyzed for themes in order to aid the researcher in the treatment of complex trauma in three domains. The first domain was to further the researcher’s understanding of her clients’ symptoms. The second was the analysis of the researcher’s life experience and its influence on the researcher’s responses to treatment methods and the clients’ symptoms, therefore making up an analysis of the therapeutic relationship. The third domain was the implications for treatment gained from the understanding of the clients’ symptoms and the therapeutic relationship through the analysis of art making processes. The findings illuminated the value of art-based research to better understand the therapeutic relationship and trauma art therapy treatment planning.

Syftet med detta arbete har varit att skapa klarhet kring vad som definierar begreppet den terapeutiska relationen, samt att ge en beskrivning av vad man som professionell samtalsledare bör tänka på när det gäller att skapa en så god terapeutisk relation som möjligt.Detta har gjorts i utgångspunkt av kvalitativa djupintervjuer med sju professionella samtalsledare, vilka i sina respektive beskrivningar, tillsammans kommit att utgöra en bild av hur man kan se på dessa två olika aspekter av begreppet. Det insamlade materialet från dessa intervjuer har sedan kommit att tematiseras utifrån en hermeneutisk tolkningsmetod, varpå resultatet tolkats utifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt, samt ett inlärningsteoretiskt perspektiv.Av resultatet framkom, bland annat, att en definition av begreppet den terapeutiska relationen var svår att särskilja från konkreta beskrivningar av hur en samtalsledare bör arbeta för att skapa en god terapeutisk relation, samt vilka personliga egenskaper som utmärker en god terapeut.Nyckelord:, Common factors, Den terapeutiska alliansen Den terapeutiska relationen, Four stages of competence, Samtalsbehandling, Socialkonstruktivism / The main purpose of this report was to bring clarity to the definition about the concept of the therapeutic relationship, as well as providing a description of what the therapist needs to consider, when it comes to creating the “good therapeutic relationship”.This has been done on the basis of qualitative in-depth interviews with a total of seven therapists, who in their descriptions, together came to form an understanding of these two different aspects of the concept. The collected material from these interviews was then thematized, in the basis of a hermeneutic interpretation method, in after witch these results were interpreted from a social constructivist, and a learning-theory perspective.The main results show that a definition of the therapeutic relationship was difficult to distinguish from the descriptions of how therapists work to create a good therapeutic relationship, as well as the personal characteristics of “the good therapist”.Keywords: Common factors, Four stages of competence, Social constructivism, The therapeutic alliance, The therapeutic relation, Therapy

Bakgrund Funktionella neurologiska symtom (FNS) innebär att en patient drabbas av dysfunktion i nervsystemet utan medicinsk bakomliggande orsak. Forskning visar att multidisciplinär rehabilitering, som inkluderar arbetsterapi, är effektiv för att hjälpa dessa patienter. Det saknas dock studier om arbetsterapeutiska behandlingar som är specifika för patienter med FNS. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av att arbeta med patienter med FNS. Metod Studien har en kvalitativ design där 14 deltagare intervjuades. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide användes. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Resultatet består av två teman: Erfarenhet och kunskap ger förutsättningar för att hjälpa en komplex patientgrupp och Arbetsterapeutens verktyg i behandling är aktivitet och terapeutisk användning av sig själv. Gemensamt för de två teman är att kunskapsbaserad och personcentrerad vård med aktivitet i fokus är viktiga i arbetsterapeutens arbete för patienter med FNS.  Slutsats Arbetsterapeuten, med tillgång till erfarenhet och kunskap i sin egen yrkesroll samt kollegor i vården, har förutsättningar att hjälpa den komplexa patientgrupp som de med FNS uppfattas som. Arbetsterapeuten använder aktivitet som medel under hela behandlingen och sig själv terapeutiskt i sitt bemötande och i det samspel som uppstår i den gemensamma dialogen med patienten med FNS. Med sitt fokus på patientens förmåga till aktivitet har arbetsterapeuten en betydande roll i det multidisciplinära omhändertagandet av patienten med FNS. / Background Functional neurological disorders (FND), means that a patient suffers from dysfunction in the nervous system without an underlying medical cause. Research shows that there is evidence that multidisciplinary rehabilitation, which includes occupational therapists, is effective in helping these patients. There is a lack of evidence for occupational therapy treatments that are specific to patients with FND. Aim The aim of the study was to describe occupational therapists' experiences of working with patients with FND. Method The study had a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were performed with 14 participants. Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Results The result are presented by two themes: Experience and knowledge provide the conditions for helping a complex patient group and The occupational therapist`s tool in treatment is activity and therapeutic use of self. Common the two themes are that knowledgebased and person-centered care with activity in focus are important in the occupational therapists work for patients with FND. Conclusion The occupational therapist, with access to experience and knowledge in her own professional role as well as through colleagues in care, has the conditions to help the complex patient group that patients with FND are perceived as. The occupational therapist uses activity as a means throughout the treatment and herself therapeutically in her treatment and in the interaction that arises in the joint dialogue with the patient with FND. With focus on the patient´s abilities related to activity, the occupational therapist has a significant role in the multidisciplinary care of the patient with FND.

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Background The present study examines the psychometric properties of the German adaptation of the Client Attachment to Therapist Scale (CATS). The validity of the scale as originally proposed has recently been brought into question, as patients were identified as “pseudosecure”. Methods We examined the measure’s factorial structure, as well as reliability and validity towards related measures using a clinical sample of N = 354 participants. Results We found the original model, consisting of 36 items to be lacking in terms of model fit and construct validity. A shortened 12-item version exhibited markedly improved model fit and reliability. Correlations to related constructs demonstrated that none of the scale’s validity was lost by shortening it. Furthermore, we showed scalar invariance across groups of age and sex. Conclusions The shortened CATS-S can be recommended for future use in clinical research in German-speaking populations as a valid, reliable, and economical alternative to the longer version.

This qualitative study aimed to explore how to handle aggression in therapy from a Gestalt perspective. In order to reach the aim of this study a conceptual framework was done exploring terms central to this project including aggression and Gestalt Play therapy. Unstructured, telephonic interviews were then conducted with seven Gestalt Play therapists working with children in the Western Cape exploring ways to handle and treat aggression in therapy. The data collected during these interviews were then analyzed and several themes were identified and explored by conducting a literature control. Guidelines were then formulated and written on how to handle aggression in therapy from a Gestalt perspective as part of the concluding chapter of this research report. / Social Work / M. Diac (Play Therapy)