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171	The Ugly Side of the Beautiful Game - Hooliganism in French Football Amado, Carlos Josue 11 November 2008 (has links) (PDF) Football violence was a rare phenomenon in France until the nineteen eighties. Harsh economic times coupled with the challenges of unemployment brought a different type of fanatic to football stadia. To vent their frustration about the economic difficulties of their time, some fans found an easy scapegoat: the increasing number of African immigrants in France. These fans, known as hooligans, have become organized and can be found supporting most major French football clubs, disrupting what once was a relatively tranquil national pastime. This thesis traces their development in France, looks at what they borrowed from Italian and English fan groups, and suggests how their organization is now uniquely French. hooliganism soccer football france immigration unemployment soccer player africa muslim racism trente glorieuses stadium ritual fan fanatic maghreb zidane platini fff champions league fifa uefa world cup Le Pen Roland Barthes psg paris saint-germain om olympique de marseille fc metz lyon olympique lyon boulogne boys south winners Italian Language and Literature
172	Analys av värdnationers aktiemarknadsreaktioner i samband med tillkännagivandet av mega-sportevenemang : En kvantitativ studie om tillkännagivandet av mega-sportevenemang med syfte att beskriva och analysera potentiella reaktionen på värdnationens aktiemarknad Jonsson, Rasmus, Törnblom Ehrnst, Emil January 2024 (has links) This study investigates the impact of mega-sporting event announcements on the host country's stock market. The analysis includes 34 events between 2000 and 2024, including the Olympic Games (Summer and Winter), the FIFA World Cup, and the UEFA European Championship. Employing a deductive approach grounded in existing theory and research, the study formulates hypotheses and utilizes an event study methodology to examine whether the announcements trigger abnormal returns in the host nation's stock market. T-tests are used to assess the statistical significance of the findings. The results provide limited evidence of market reactions to the announcements, with any potential effects occurring primarily before the official announcement, suggesting the possibility of information leakage or insider trading. No significant effects were found on the announcement day itself or on subsequent days. Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found based on the economic size of the host nation or the type of event. However, the study did observe that FIFA World Cup announcements tend to generate slightly more volatile market reactions compared to the other events. Event study Efficient markets Efficient markets Behaviour finance Mega-Sport event T-test FIFA World Cup UEFA European Championship Olympic Games Random walk Abnormal return Eventstudie Effektiva marknader Beteende ekonomi informationsasymmetri Mega-Sportevenemang T-test Fotbolls-VM Fotbolls-EM Olympiska spelen Random walk Abnormal avkastning Economics and Business Ekonomi och näringsliv

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The Ugly Side of the Beautiful Game - Hooliganism in French Football

Analys av värdnationers aktiemarknadsreaktioner i samband med tillkännagivandet av mega-sportevenemang : En kvantitativ studie om tillkännagivandet av mega-sportevenemang med syfte att beskriva och analysera potentiella reaktionen på värdnationens aktiemarknad