Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie ondersoek is navorsing gedoen oor die Romeinse huweliksverhouding ten einde vas te stel of die klassieke Romeinse reg die Romeinse vrou se huweliksverhouding beskerm het indien dit deur haar man se wangedrag geskend is. Die navorsing het getoon dat, soos in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg, die Romeinse huweliksverhouding teen die klassieke tydperk 'n consortium omnis vitae met veral morele huwelikspligte was en dat die nie-nakoming van hierdie pligte op wangedrag en skending van die huweliksverhouding neergekom het. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat, soos in die moderne reg, ook die Romeinse man die huweliksverhouding kon skend deur wangedrag, beperkte vorme van seksuele wangedrag, iniuria en bigamie. Die klassieke Romeinse reg het egter nie aan die Romeinse vrou direkte regsbeskerming verleen by die man se skending van die huweliksverhouding deur wangedrag nie. Sy het egter wel indirekte regsbeskerming in die vorm van toevlugof afskrikmiddels (soos egskeiding en die dos) geniet. / In this study research has been done on the Roman marital relationship in order to determine whether classical Roman law protected the Roman wife's marital relationship if it had been breached by her husband's misconduct. Research has shown that by the classical period, as in South African law, the Roman marital relationship was a consortium omnis vitae with primarily moral marital duties. Non-compliance with these duties amounted to misconduct and breach of the marital relationship. It was concluded that, as in modern law, the Roman husband too could be in breach of his marital relationship through misconduct, limited forms of sexual misconduct, iniuria and bigamy. However, classical Roman law did not grant the Roman wife any direct legal protection where her husband was in breach of the marital relationship because of misconduct. She nevertheless enjoyed indirect legal protection in the form of deterrents (such as divorce and the dos). / Law / LL.M.

Devant le manque de ressources économiques et la pauvreté, les « OGM » apparaissent comme un outil visant à contribuer à la croissance économique et alimentaire, notamment dans les pays en voie de développement et sous-développés. Cependant, nous devons nous pencher sur un sujet tout aussi fondamental, à savoir la protection juridique, accordée par la législation tant nationale qu’internationale en lien avec les « connaissances traditionnelles » quand elles sont aux prises avec l’utilisation des OGM. Connaître cette interaction et évaluer ses effets sur la culture est un sujet d’une ampleur considérable à l’heure actuelle, principalement lorsque l’on considère les « savoirs locaux » comme des éléments fondamentaux pour la conservation de la « biodiversité » et le « développement durable ». / Given the lack of economic resources and poverty, « GMOs » would appear to be a useful tool contributing to economic growth and food production, particularly in developing and underdeveloped countries. However, there is an equally important corollary issue we must address, namely the legal protection afforded by legislation both nationally and internationally, to « traditional knowledge » when they are faced with the use of GMOs. Understanding this interaction and its impact on culture is a significant issue at present, especially when one considers the importance of «local knowledge » as an element for the preservation of « biodiversity » and « sustainable development ».

My dissertation work deals with substitute foster care. It's mainly focused on summary of changes in law in the current systém and their contribution to practice. The main goal was to map out the area of substitute foster care from the very first references of foundlings of Bohemia and Moravia. The theoretical part is divided into four chapters that include history, reason of changes from the UN to the amendment of laws and their implementation. Further I describe all forms of substitute foster care in Czech republic including financing and education of foster parents. The last chapter of theoretical part I focused on the substitute foster care system in the UK which is the model for a similar system in the Czech republic. The practical part is dedicated to qualitative research that tries by using the semi-structured interviews to find out how the mentioned changes work in praxis and how they affect the work of social workers and foster parents. The praxis shows that the amendment helps the healthy development of the child however the praxis lacks a coherent tools of social work to its proper fulfillment and functionality.

The thesis is devoted to the topic of preparatory courses for applicants for foster care. The aim of the thesis is to chart the course of professional preparation of future foster parents and replenish their subjective opinions. The theoretical part refers to the current legislative changes affecting the area of foster care in the Czech republic. It also deals with topics closely related to foster care, such as kinship care, contact with the biological parents or the identity of children in foster care. The following section is focused on the analysis of available training programs for foster parents, their specifics and the related methodological recommendations of Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of the Czech Republic. Practical work was supported by DC Paprsek. By the form of semi-structured interviews with applicants for foster care was studied their subjective view of the importance and effectiveness of training courses.

Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou předčasných sexuálních zkušeností a pohlavním zneužíváním nezletilých dívek. Téma této práce vzniklo s ohledem na profesní zaměření autorky, která pracuje jako sociální pracovnice. Předčasné zahájení pohlavního života a pohlavní zneužití se v poslední době vyskytuje ve stále větší míře, a tím vzniká i potřeba na tuto problematiku reagovat a řešit v rámci působnosti orgánů sociálně právní ochrany dětí. Cílem diplomové práce je popis dopadů předčasných sexuálních zkušeností a pohlavního zneužití na osobnost nezletilých dívek. Diplomová práce se také zabývá úlohou rodiny, školy a orgánů sociálně právní ochrany dětí v sexuální výchově. Dále také srovnává společné aspekty rodinného prostředí nezletilých dívek a vyhledává společné faktory, které působí v rodinách nezletilých dívek, u kterých došlo k předčasnému zahájení pohlavního života nebo k jejich sexuálnímu zneužití. Výzkumnou metodou této práce jsou především případové studie dvou rodin s nezletilými dívkami, u kterých došlo k předčasnému zahájení pohlavního života. V rámci případových studií byla použita obsahová analýza dokumentů, metoda rozhovoru s nezletilými dívkami a s jejich rodinami. Diplomová práce závěrem konstatuje, že předčasné zahájení pohlavního života nebo zneužití dětí má dopady na jejich...

The thesis Cooperation of governmental and non-governmental sector in the care of neglected children has theoretical and research nature and is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The first chapter of the theoretical part focuses on the child neglect in the family. In addition to defining the concept are given the educational implications of child neglect in the family, its risk factors and failure of family in relation to child neglect. The second chapter deals with governmental and non-governmental sector entities, intervening in the area of child neglect. Attention is focused on social work in the department of social and legal protection of children, NGOs working with endangered families and children and socio-educational work with children at risk of neglect in selected schools and school facilities. The third chapter deals with the cooperation of governmental and non-governmental entities in the area, factors that affect their cooperation and rehabilitation of the family as an effective intervention in the family of the endangered child. The practical part is aimed at qualitative data analysis of documents concerning activities and cooperation of Department of social and legal protection of children in Prachatice, local NGOs, which have been granted authority to exercise social and legal...

This thesis treats the service "Field Social Work in vulnerable families" provided by Diakonie of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren - The Center of Christian Aid in Prague. This service is regarded as one of the most effective types of interventions to vulnerable families. The support of such families is based both on the concept of social functioning and related life situations, as well as on the approaches and concepts (paradigms of social work) of the specific field social workers. The process of evaluating the life situation of a family is rather a difficult one which until today has not been standardized throughout the Czech Republic. On the 1st January 2013 a new Decree No. 473/2012 Coll. came into force, introducing a form designed for evaluating the life situations of a child. Since then there has been an ongoing reform in the Department of Social and Legal Protection of Children. The service Field social work in vulnerable families would like to follow this reform. That is why it is necessary to map the present state of evaluating life situations of families with children in our Service and use the results in order to create an effective and efficient method for future work. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the background of family social work matters, which is to say...

The diploma thesis deals with ethical dilemmas, which social worker ordinary experiences during his work at the OSPOD (Service for the Protection of Children's Rights). The aim of the thesis is to present OSPOD, documents which are part of this work and ethical connection with social work. The aim of the research is to identify the most serious ethical dilemmas and the possibilities how to solve them. The qualitative method of research using semistructured interviews is used to realize the aim of the thesis. The research is carried out at the OSPOD in Český Krumlov.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Karina Cardozo de Oliveira.pdf: 1521482 bytes, checksum: fdcc90912ef8beb50a1f3eb16e20ec5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-03 / The purpose of this study is to present and resolve the main legal issues related to a transaction whose practice is of extreme importance to boost the effervescence and the liquidity of the Brazilian capital markets: the stock lending. Initially, we intended to address the development of such markets, since the beginning until the present moment, in order to have a historical background over the environment that the herein studied transaction integrates. Subsequently, we verified the main concepts related to the shares, which are the object of the stock lending, and concluded that due to the homogeneity of the rights and characteristics of a certain type or class of share, in our view, we may consider them as fungible assets. Such conclusion mattered to the development of our legal nature theory over the stock lending, which we classified as a loan. Further on, we analyzed the main characteristics of the stock lending agreement, in accordance with our civil doctrine, and its establishment as a private agreement and as an agreement registered in BTC system. In this respect, we gave special attention to the stock lending agreement executed under share public offerings. Finally, we verified the impact of the stock lending on the entitlement of shareholders rights the essential rights, the voting right and the right to participate in a public acquisition offering in each type of transaction. We concluded that, in the private agreements, all rights are transferred to the borrower, unless otherwise provided by the agreement entered between the parties. In the registered stock lending, the preemptive right for the subscription of new shares, convertible debentures and subscription bonuses, as well as the right to participate in the company s profits remain with the donor, considering that the BM&FBOVESPA facilitates its exercise. This dissertation integrates the line of research Effectiveness of Private Law and Civil Liberties , developed by the Post-Graduate Program in Law Studies of PUC-SP and the research project Legal Protection of Private Investment / O intuito deste trabalho é apresentar e resolver as principais questões jurídicas envolvendo uma operação cuja prática é de extrema relevância para impulsionar a efervescência e a liquidez do mercado de capitais brasileiro: o empréstimo de ações. Buscamos, inicialmente, abordar o desenvolvimento deste mercado, desde os primórdios até os diais atuais, no intuito de contextualizar o meio em que se insere a operação aqui estudada. Em seguida, verificamos os principais conceitos inerentes às ações, que são, por sua vez, objeto do empréstimo em questão, e concluímos que, em razão da homogeneidade dos direitos e características de uma determinada espécie ou classe de ação, poderíamos, a nosso ver, entendê-las como bens fungíveis. Essa conclusão importou para o desenvolvimento da nossa teoria acerca da natureza jurídica do empréstimo de ações, que foi por nós classificado como um mútuo. Adiante, analisamos as principais características do contrato de empréstimo de ações, de acordo com a doutrina civilista, e a operacionalização tanto na sua forma privada como também registrada no sistema BTC. Nesse sentido, dedicamos especial atenção ao contrato de empréstimo de ações celebrado no âmbito de ofertas públicas de distribuição de ações. Por fim, verificamos o impacto do empréstimo de ações sobre a titularidade dos direitos de acionistas tanto os direitos essenciais, como o direito de voto e o direito de participar em oferta pública de aquisição de ações em cada tipo de operação. Concluímos que, nos empréstimos privados, todos os direitos são transmitidos ao tomador do empréstimo, exceto se houver disposição específica contrária no contrato celebrado entre as partes. Já em relação aos empréstimos registrados, o direito de preferência na subscrição de novas ações, debêntures conversíveis e bônus de subscrição, bem como o direito de participar nos lucros da companhia emissora são mantidos com o doador, uma vez que a BM&FBOVESPA viabiliza o seu exercício. Esta dissertação insere-se na linha de pesquisa Efetividade do Direito Privado e Liberdades Civis , desenvolvida pelo Programa de Estudos Pós-graduados em Direito da PUC-SP e no projeto de pesquisa Proteção Jurídica do Investimento Privado

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel Bushatsky.pdf: 1380757 bytes, checksum: 47bccc0b95080221650937333369ec7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-09 / This doctoral thesis presents the principle of negotiating security, relating it to corporate law. For such, the principles of rules are differentiated, exposing the basic principles of corporate law, emphasizing that it is due to private autonomy that the partners subject themselves to the will of the majority in corporate resolutions, just as decisions made should follow the interests of the corporation. After this, the principle of negotiating security was conceptualized, which is sustained over 4 (four) pillars: objective good faith (loyalty), confidence theory, principle of correction (inspired by the Italian law) and private autonomy. It was asserted that loyalty, reliability, correction and subjective and objective autonomy jointly studied provide the base value for the interpretation of the Law and Legal Affairs, bringing security to corporate relations, within the legal framework of trade, creating the standard of behavior expected from all those involved in trade. By combining the principle of negotiating security with the principle of corporate preservation, it can be demonstrated how conflicts of interest involving the company, partners and administrators should be resolved. Following, first an overview of business risk and the multiple facets of justice, then a review on the legal protection of private investment, arriving at the conclusion that it must comply with its corporate function, in order to expose the main aspects of the business corporation. In order to prove the understanding, doctrinal passages were presented, recent decisions of the Brazilian courts on corporate law were analyzed, as well as how theoretical examples were used as illustration. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the principle of negotiating security must be applied in corporate law, protecting society, partners, administrators, and, thus, helping both the economic and the social development / Na presente tese de doutorado apresenta-se o princípio da segurança negocial relacionando-o com o direito societário. Para tanto, diferenciam-se os princípios das regras, expondo, depois, os princípios basilares do direito societário, destacando que é graças à autonomia privada que os sócios se sujeitam à vontade da maioria nas deliberações sociais, assim como as tomadas de decisões devem seguir o interesse da sociedade. Após, conceituou-se o princípio da segurança negocial sustentando-o em 4 (quatro) pilares: boa-fé objetiva (lealdade), teoria da confiança, princípio da correção (inspirado no direito italiano) e autonomia privada. Asseverou-se que lealdade, confiança, correção e a autonomia subjetiva e objetiva estudadas conjuntamente trazem o valor base para a interpretação da Lei e dos negócios jurídicos, trazendo segurança às relações sociais, dentro do regime jurídico comercial, criando o padrão de comportamento esperado de todos os envolvidos no comércio. Conjugando o princípio da segurança negocial com o princípio da preservação da empresa, demonstrou-se como os conflitos de interesses envolvendo sociedade, sócios e administradores devem ser resolvidos. Seguiu-se, primeiro com uma visão geral sobre o risco empresarial e as múltiplas facetas sobre justiça, depois realizando uma crítica sobre a proteção jurídica ao investimento privado, concluindo que este deve cumprir sua função social, para assim expor os principais aspectos da sociedade empresária. Para provar o entendimento, trouxeram-se passagens doutrinárias, analisaram-se recentes decisões dos tribunais brasileiros sobre direito societário assim como se utilizaram exemplos teóricos como ilustração. Por fim, ressaltamos que o princípio da segurança negocial deve ser aplicado no direito societário, protegendo sociedade, sócios, administradores, e, ajudando, consequentemente, no desenvolvimento econômico e social