The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and explain the variance of electoral volatility between the Lithuanian municipalities. All local elections held since the restoration of Lithuania’s independence are analyzed (a total of six elections from 1995–2011). Dissertation is based on all the principal theoretical explanations of electoral volatility: sociostructural theory, economic voting, party system and institutional-contextual factors. Some theories are modified in order for them to be used in the context of Lithuanian local elections. Dissertation also proposes a four-fold party system classification that allows discerning different long-term coalitional patterns in Lithuanian municipal councils. The empirical investigation relies on quantitative (statistical) methods: descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, non-parametric tests of population comparison and ordinary least squares regression. Three dependent variables (facets of electoral volatility) are used in the empirical analysis: total electoral volatility, extra-systemic volatility and vote share stability of a municipality’s dominant (mayor’s) party. It is found in the dissertation that these three facets of electoral volatility are influenced by various factors: cultural heterogeneity (increases electoral volatility), supply of parties, the correspondence between local and national party systems, electoral turnout (influence weakens since 2002), party membership density (influence not stable)... [to full text] / Šios disertacijos tikslas yra ištirti ir paaiškinti rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo skirtumus rinkimuose į savivaldybių tarybas tarp Lietuvos savivaldybių. Tiriami visi nuo Lietuvos nepriklausomybės atkūrimo vykę demokratiniai savivaldos rinkimai (iš viso šeši rinkimai nuo 1995 m. iki 2011 m.). Disertacijoje remiamasi visais svarbiausiais teoriniais rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aiškinimais: sociostruktūra, ekonominis balsavimas, partinė sistema ir instituciniai-kontekstiniai veiksniai. Kai kurios teorijos yra modifikuojamos tam, kad jas būtų galima naudoti Lietuvos savivaldos rinkimų kontekste. Disertacijoje siūloma partinių sistemų klasifikacija pagal partijų koalicinio elgesio šablonus ilgajame laikotarpyje, įgalinanti atskirti partines sistemas Lietuvos savivaldybių tarybose. Empirinis tyrimas remiasi kiekybiniais (statistiniais metodais): aprašomoji statistika, ryšio matai, neparametriniai populiacijų skirtingumo matai ir tiesinė regresinė analizė. Empirinėje analizėje naudojami trys priklausomi kintamieji, kurie atitinka tris rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aspektus: bendras rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumas, išorinis nestabilumas ir savivaldybėje dominuojančios (mero) partijos balsų pokytis. Disertacijoje atrandama kad šie trys rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumo aspektai yra veikiami įvairių veiksnių: kultūrinio heterogeniškumo (didina rinkėjų elgsenos kaitumą), partijų pasiūlos, atitikimo tarp vietos ir nacionalinės partinių sistemų, rinkiminio aktyvumo (įtaka susilpnėja nuo 2002 m.), partinės narystės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence) / In any democratic society, elections are a significant mechanism for citizens to communicate with their representatives. As a result, elections provide a window of opportunity to every voter to hire or fire any political party or independent representative. As an aggregated measure of popular preference, elections constitute an important means to affirm that people in any society should be free to choose their own government based on the parties political beliefs and policies that appeal to the needs of the electorates. Powell sums up this perspective in two points; first, the voter must be able to identify the prospective future governors and have some idea of what they will do if elected. Secondly, the outcome of the elections should bring into office a coherent government whose inherent powers are clearly defined and limited. However, elections sometimes do not produce a single party with an absolute majority to form a government. In such an instance, a coalition or minority government becomes inevitable. It has been argued that coalitions are formed for two different yet interrelated reasons; first to pursue common goals among coalition partners. Secondly, to enable the coalition partners to share the benefits related with being in power. No matter what the intentions are for forming a coalition by the political parties, coalition governments are bound to encounter challenges. One of the challenges is the need to consult and reach consensus among coalition partners, which may not only result in government decision-making being slower but also more complex. Secondly, conflicts within a ruling coalition can make a government unstable and weak due to conflicting ideologies.

Orientador: João Augusto Gentilini / Banca: José Vaidergorn / Banca: Pedro Ganzeli / Resumo: Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar qual concepção de participação está presente nos depoimentos dos membros do CME - Conselho Municipal de Educação de São José do Rio Preto que estaria desencadeada nos processos políticos por seus atores e/ou grupos dominantes no interior do conselho. Nosso propósito foi investigar a existência de processos participativos dos cidadãos, por meio de seus representantes e dos vários segmentos da sociedade que compõe o CME. A escolha do Conselho Municipal de Educação deve-se à importância que esse órgão assumiu por ser um órgão normativo, deliberativo, fiscalizador, mobilizador e representativo que assessora o executivo municipal no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. Nosso objeto de estudo são as informações coletadas nas entrevistas dos membros do CME de São José do Rio Preto, os atores que representam lideranças das comunidades e/ou os grupos organizados do município; os quais norteiam a elaboração de políticas públicas educacionais municipais e possuem a possibilidade real de participar e/ou fomentar a participação, de influir e/ou decidir, de ampliar os processos democráticos, na implementação de políticas públicas educacionais desencadeadas nos processos políticos a partir do conselho. Esta dissertação insere-se na modalidade de pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa, tem como recurso metodológico o uso de diferentes ferramentas metodológicas para a coleta de dados, tais como revisão bibliográfica, análise da legislação produzida pelo CME e coleta de informações dos depoentes por meio de entrevista, a qual se fundamentou em um questionário semiestruturado. O período delimitado para esta pesquisa se deu a partir de 1996, com ênfase nos meses de janeiro de 2009 a setembro de 2010, o que compreende a gestão atual, ainda em curso. As análises das informações... (Resumo completo, clicr acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper has been aimed at analyzing the testimonies of members of São José do Rio Preto's Municipal Council of Education (CME - Conselho Municipal de Educação) in order to identify the notion of participation throughout its content, which has supposedly been present within political processes of his actors and/or dominant groups inside the Council. Our goal was to investigate the existence of citizens' participative processes concerning their representatives as well as the several segments of society which are part of the CME. The choice of the Municipal Council of Education (CME - Conselho Municipal de Educação) is due to the importance that this institution has been given due to the fact that it is a normative, deliberative, invigilating, mobilizing and representative institution which is responsible for assisting the municipal executive in the development of public policies. Our objects of study are the information assembled in the interviews with members of São José do Rio Preto's CME - Municipal Council of Education (Conselho Municipal de Educação), actors who represent communities' leadership and/or organized city groups which guide the development of public educational policies and who are authentically able to participate and/or foster the participation, to influence and/or decide, to broaden the democratic processes within the implementation of public educational policies presents in the political processes from the Council. This research is classified as a qualitative field research, whose methodological resource is the usage of different methodological tools to gather information, such as bibliographical revision, analysis of CME legislation and data collection from interviewee deponents based on semi-structured questionnaires. The defined period for this research started in 1996 with emphasis from the month of January 2009 to September 2010, which corresponds... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_bhu_me_arafcl.pdf: 917871 bytes, checksum: 7907f683341ae2803422d56425d0a370 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar qual concepção de participação está presente nos depoimentos dos membros do CME – Conselho Municipal de Educação de São José do Rio Preto que estaria desencadeada nos processos políticos por seus atores e/ou grupos dominantes no interior do conselho. Nosso propósito foi investigar a existência de processos participativos dos cidadãos, por meio de seus representantes e dos vários segmentos da sociedade que compõe o CME. A escolha do Conselho Municipal de Educação deve-se à importância que esse órgão assumiu por ser um órgão normativo, deliberativo, fiscalizador, mobilizador e representativo que assessora o executivo municipal no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas. Nosso objeto de estudo são as informações coletadas nas entrevistas dos membros do CME de São José do Rio Preto, os atores que representam lideranças das comunidades e/ou os grupos organizados do município; os quais norteiam a elaboração de políticas públicas educacionais municipais e possuem a possibilidade real de participar e/ou fomentar a participação, de influir e/ou decidir, de ampliar os processos democráticos, na implementação de políticas públicas educacionais desencadeadas nos processos políticos a partir do conselho. Esta dissertação insere-se na modalidade de pesquisa de campo, de natureza qualitativa, tem como recurso metodológico o uso de diferentes ferramentas metodológicas para a coleta de dados, tais como revisão bibliográfica, análise da legislação produzida pelo CME e coleta de informações dos depoentes por meio de entrevista, a qual se fundamentou em um questionário semiestruturado. O período delimitado para esta pesquisa se deu a partir de 1996, com ênfase nos meses de janeiro de 2009 a setembro de 2010, o que compreende a gestão atual, ainda em curso. As análises das informações... / This paper has been aimed at analyzing the testimonies of members of São José do Rio Preto's Municipal Council of Education (CME - Conselho Municipal de Educação) in order to identify the notion of participation throughout its content, which has supposedly been present within political processes of his actors and/or dominant groups inside the Council. Our goal was to investigate the existence of citizens' participative processes concerning their representatives as well as the several segments of society which are part of the CME. The choice of the Municipal Council of Education (CME - Conselho Municipal de Educação) is due to the importance that this institution has been given due to the fact that it is a normative, deliberative, invigilating, mobilizing and representative institution which is responsible for assisting the municipal executive in the development of public policies. Our objects of study are the information assembled in the interviews with members of São José do Rio Preto's CME - Municipal Council of Education (Conselho Municipal de Educação), actors who represent communities' leadership and/or organized city groups which guide the development of public educational policies and who are authentically able to participate and/or foster the participation, to influence and/or decide, to broaden the democratic processes within the implementation of public educational policies presents in the political processes from the Council. This research is classified as a qualitative field research, whose methodological resource is the usage of different methodological tools to gather information, such as bibliographical revision, analysis of CME legislation and data collection from interviewee deponents based on semi-structured questionnaires. The defined period for this research started in 1996 with emphasis from the month of January 2009 to September 2010, which corresponds... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Onia Arantes Albuquerque (onia.ufg@gmail.com) on 2018-10-23T14:33:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriane Pereira Vinhal - 2018.pdf: 1845999 bytes, checksum: e1dc43b502da5a7229c4fb4ade1cd4a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-10-23T15:16:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriane Pereira Vinhal - 2018.pdf: 1845999 bytes, checksum: e1dc43b502da5a7229c4fb4ade1cd4a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-23T15:16:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriane Pereira Vinhal - 2018.pdf: 1845999 bytes, checksum: e1dc43b502da5a7229c4fb4ade1cd4a1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The process of redemocratization in Brazil allowed a series of models of popular participation both in the process of elaboration and in the control of public policies. The prevailing reading was that Brazil needed effective changes to combat the social crisis and the high deficit of citizenship established in the country. One of the most popular models was the Municipal Councils. The literature indicates that their participatory potential is directly linked to their structure and functioning. However, there are few studies on the internal dynamics of the Municipal Councils of Education. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the Municipal Council of Education in Goiania as a participatory social field and disputes, using Bourdieu´s theory. For this purpose, we analyze documents related to the Councils (record of meetings, legislation, etc.), attend and record meetings of the Council, apply questionnaires to its members and conduct semi-structured interviews. It was possible to verify that the indirect participation of society predominates, through representation, and not direct participation. It was also possible to observe a significant inequality in the participation of the different members of the council, a result of the differentiated control of the different capitals political, Social, Cultural and Legal. This research was developed in the Post-Graduation Program in Sociology of the Federal University of Goiás. / O processo de redemocratização no Brasil ensejou uma série de modelos de participação popular tanto no processo de elaboração como no controle das políticas públicas. Prevalecia a leitura que o Brasil necessitava de mudanças efetivas para combater a crise social e o alto déficit de cidadania instaurado no país. Um dos modelos mais difundidos foram os Conselhos Municipais. A literatura indica que o potencial participativo dos mesmos está diretamente ligado com sua estrutura e funcionamento. Porém, são poucos os estudos sobre a dinâmica interna dos Conselhos Municipais de Educação. Dessa forma, temos por objetivo neste trabalho analisar o Conselho Municipal de Educação em Goiânia como campo social de disputas, numa perspectiva bourdieusiana. Para tanto, realizamos a análise dos documentos relacionados ao Conselho (atas, legislação, etc.), assistimos e gravamos as reuniões do Conselho, aplicamos questionários a seus integrantes e realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi possível constatar que predomina a participação indireta da sociedade, por meio da representação, e não a participação direta. Também foi possível constatar uma significativa desigualdade na participação dos diferentes conselheiros, resultado do domínio diferenciado dos distintos capitais: Político, Social, Cultural e Jurídico-Institucional. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-02-21T23:01:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - PLANTER - DEFESA.pdf: 1746628 bytes, checksum: 5ace5a79c7ad1367b12a3c9a6a51642c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T23:01:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O - PLANTER - DEFESA.pdf: 1746628 bytes, checksum: 5ace5a79c7ad1367b12a3c9a6a51642c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / Question Of The AmpliedState , Civil Society : one of the classiques about brazilian reality . The Relations Of Power Between Interests And Disputes .In sequel Brief Track Records Of Public Policy In Social Assistance In Brazil ,Structure And Runnings Of Manager Counsil Of Social Assistance And Participation Pedagogy . The methodology taken in question has followed the field of descriptive nature and qualifying aproach , since the main public were participating the city council of social assistance meetings and to them were aplied semi structured interviews and assistematic observation , considerating the ethical principles that normalizes researches envolving human beings . For the analysis and discussion of the results the technique of contents analysis has been used , that will enable the apprehension of the meaning that the participants of the city counsil of social assistance tributes to what they see and/or do about the city counsil of public assistance politics management .Finally the secundary data assemblance was realized through a documental and biographical cashback. Finally, it was verified that the contribution of the citizen participation in the municipal council in the management of the assistance policy is characterized by actions directed to the improvement and emptied of force for transformation. / Esta disserta??o analisa a participa??o cidad? no Conselho Municipal (2015-2016) e sua contribui??o para gest?o da Pol?tica de Assist?ncia Social de Feira de Santana- BA, e pretende demostrar a gest?o participativa como processo tra?ado e compreendido ? luz das rela??es de poder. Na perspectiva de estabelecer as fases da investiga??o, elegeu-se como objetivos espec?ficos: caracterizar como os participantes das reuni?es do Conselho Municipal de Assist?ncia Social definem e identificam as demandas sociais que s?o levadas para a pauta; averiguar com s?o negociadas e formalizadas as contribui??es da participa??o cidad? na gest?o da pol?tica municipal de Assist?ncia Social, e verificar se as delibera??es emitidas pelo Conselho Municipal de Assist?ncia Social t?m acompanhamento para sua realiza??o efetiva. Para tanto, o estudo em quest?o apoiou-se em um referencial te?rico que considerou de suma import?ncia discorrer sobre a quest?o do Estado ampliado, Sociedade Civil: dos cl?ssicos ? realidade brasileira, as Rela??es de Poder Entre Interesses e Disputas. Na sequ?ncia, Breve Hist?rico da Pol?tica P?blica de Assist?ncia Social no Brasil, Estrutura e Funcionamento dos Conselhos Gestores de Assist?ncia Social e a Pedagogia da Participa??o. A metodologia utilizada configurou-se com um estudo de campo de natureza descritiva e abordagem qualitativa, sendo que o p?blico alvo foram os participantes das reuni?es do Conselho Municipal de Assist?ncia Social, e a eles foram aplicadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observa??o assistem?tica, considerando os princ?pios ?ticos que normatizam pesquisas envolvendo seres humanos. Para a an?lise e discuss?o dos resultados, foi utilizada a t?cnica da an?lise de conte?do, o que permitir? a compreens?o do significado que os participantes das reuni?es do Conselho Municipal de Assist?ncia Social atribuem ao que v?em e/ou fazem no que diz respeito ? gest?o da Pol?tica Municipal de Assist?ncia Social. A coleta de dados secund?rios foi realizada atrav?s de um levantamento bibliogr?fico e documental. Finalmente, verificou-se que a contribui??o da participa??o cidad? no conselho municipal, na gest?o da pol?tica de assist?ncia, caracteriza-se por a??es direcionadas ao aprimoramento, e esvaziadas de for?a para transforma??o.

上海租界的開闢，就像一個集各種不平等條款於一身的中國的縮影。在這裡，中國第一次接受西方列強所強加於她的砲艦外交、外國租界、領事裁判權、外國的殖民統治等慘痛的經驗。然而上海租界創設初始，其原意只是一塊專供外人居住的居留地性質，但到後來的發展卻陰錯陽差的，外國人得寸進尺，中國人則步步退讓，使得後來公共租界的性質轉變成為介於居留地與租借地之間，而且更近似於後者。在名義上，公共租界的土地管轄權屬於中國，但實際上，公共租界內的一切事務，中國政府一概無權插手，甚至連租界內的中國人都不歸中國政府管轄。中國的主權淪落至此，租界性質轉變到這般地步，英國人（尤其是英國領事）的勢力是其中的關鍵，因此英國領事在公共租界中所扮演的角色便引發筆者進一步研究的動機。本論文除了希望對領事的角色有較深刻的認識外，還預計從英國駐上海領事與公共租界、英國政府及中國政府等三個層面的關係及交往情形，希望能較完整的呈現英國領事角色的多面向：看看他們如何代代努力的在中國領土之上建構起外人自己的天堂；而從英國政府----英國領事----上海當地英籍僑民三者之間權力（利）與利益的互動及衝突關係，來探究夾處在二者之間的英國領事如何自處；透過二國地方層級的外交往來的研究，則希望能凸顯兩國辦理外交人員的迥異心態，以及因而造成的結果。本文研究的斷限自1843年上海開埠為起始，到1928年北京政府結束為止。全文結構共分成六章，除第一章「序論」外，正文分成四章：第二章「英國駐上海領事館之確立」，主要敘述上海開埠的經過、英國駐上海領事館建立的經過情形，然後略述英國領事的主要職權職權及其擴張的情形。第三章「英國駐上海領事與公共租界」，主要分析英國領事在公共租界的領導地位，以及英國領事與公共租界的行政機構----工部局的合作關係。第四章「英國駐上海領事與英國政府」，首先分析英國在華之利益以及對華政策之演變，然後再探討因為上海英商勢力團體的利益與英國政府對華整體利益發生衝突時，英國領事面臨母國及上海英商勢力的雙重壓力所造成政策執行上的顧慮及難處。第五章「英國駐上海領事與中國朝野之交往」，分析中英兩國地方層級外交人員辦理外交的迥異心態，華人在公共租界內所遭受的不公平待遇，以及五卅群眾運動的發生，使得外人在租界的統治權發生動搖。第六章「結論」則總結前文，並為英國駐上海領事的角色做一定位。

No description available.

<p>Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality&rsquo / s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General&rsquo / s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities.</p>

<p>Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality&rsquo / s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General&rsquo / s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities.</p>