Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-140) and index.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Η ακράτεια ούρων είναι ένα πρόβλημα ιδιαίτερα συχνό σε ηλικιωμένα άτομα αλλά αφορά και άλλες ηλικίες. Υπάρχουν διάφοροι τύποι ακράτειας, διαφορετική συμπτωματολογία, αίτια πρόκλησης καθώς και τρόποι αντιμετώπισης. Πολύ συχνή διαταραχή αποτελεί το σύνδρομο υπερδραστήριας κύστης με συμπτώματα που μπορούν να δημιουργήσουν πολλά και ποικίλης φύσεως προβλήματα και να επηρεάσουν την ποιότητα ζωής των ασθενών. Για την εκπόνηση της εργασίας έγινε αρχικά μία θεωρητική προσέγγιση και έπειτα διερεύνηση με ερωτηματολόγια σε άτομα διαφορετικού φύλου και ηλικίας. Οι απαντήσεις συγκεντρώθηκαν και επεξεργάστηκαν μέσω κατάλληλου στατιστικού λογισμικού προγράμματος (SPSS). Η παρούσα έρευνα αποτυπώνει καθαρά πως η ακράτεια ούρων και πιο συγκεκριμένα το σύνδρομο υπερδραστήριας κύστης αφορά ένα σημαντικό ποσοστό (35%) του πληθυσμού στη χώρα μας. Είναι ένα πρόβλημα που επηρεάζει περισσότερο τις γυναίκες και άτομα πάνω από 55 ετών. Τα συμπτώματα που συνοδεύουν το σύνδρομο επηρεάζουν αρκετά την καθημερινότητα των ασθενών, οι οποίοι στην πλειοψηφία είναι εσωστρεφείς με το πρόβλημά τους και απογοητευμένοι από τις μέχρι τώρα λύσεις. Η άγνοια των ίδιων αλλά και όσων δεν αντιμετωπίζουν πρόβλημα υπερδραστήριας κύστης κάνει αναγκαία την επίλυση του γιατί πέρα από πρόβλημα υγείας παραμένει και πρόβλημα κοινωνικό. Για αυτό και η ενημέρωση από ανθρώπους ειδικούς μπορεί να δώσει στους ασθενείς πραγματικές λύσεις που θα αλλάξουν και θα βελτιώσουν την ποιότητα της ζωής τους και θα αλλάξει την λανθασμένη αντίληψη της κοινωνίας γύρω από τη φύση της ασθένειας. / -

Bakgrund: I Sverige beräknas över 4000 personer vara drabbade av Narkolepsi. Narkolepsi är en neurologisk kronisk sjukdom som innebär att den drabbade har störd reglering av sömn och vakenhet. Kärnsymtomen är dagtrötthet och kataplexiattacker. Kvantitativa studier har visat att symtomen av narkolepsi påverkar uppfattningen av livskvalitet negativt. Syfte: Att belysa vuxna personers upplevelser av livskvalité efter att ha drabbats av narkolepsi. Metod: Kvalitativ metod där bloggtexter analyseras med innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom två domäner. Domänen ”Möjliggörande av god livskvalité” presenterar en kategori; Strategier för att uppnå god livskvalitet och betydelsen av stöd från omgivningen. Domänen ”Begränsningar av livskvalité” presenterar tre kategorier; Symtom som skapar socialt handikapp, Allmänhetens okunskap och upplevelser av blandade känslor samt Att tvingas planera och prioritera för att orka med vardagen Slutsats: Narkolepsi påverkar upplevelsen av livskvalité negativt. Symtom som okontrollerbar sömnighet dagtid och kataplexier kan orsaka skam och rädsla att vistas i sociala sammanhang. Strategier för att minska symtom, ökad förståelse för de drabbades upplevelser av sjukdomen och stöd från omgivningen kan bidra till att hjälpa de som drabbas till en ökad livskvalité.

Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor och det är av intresse försjukvården att veta hur sjukdomen påverkar kvinnans välmående. Syftet med dennastudie var därför att undersöka upplevelsen av livskvalitet hos kvinnor medbröstcancer. Studien genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie där de sökordsom användes utgick från syftet. Vid databearbetningen, vilken utfördes som eninnehållsanalys, framkom tre teman: fysiska förändringar, känslomässiga reaktionersamt betydelsen av stöd. Kvinnorna upplevde fysiska reaktioner som fatigue,sömnsvårigheter och smärta vilka påverkade deras livskvalitet negativt. Livskvalitetenförsämrades också av den förändrade självbild som kunde uppkomma i samband medbehandlingen. Många kvinnor upplevde rädsla vilken resulterade i oro och ångest.Den information kvinnorna fick från hälso- och sjukvården upplevdes oftaknapphändig vilket minskade kvinnornas livskvalitet. De betonade vikten av godarelationer och att socialt stöd var något som kunde höja livskvaliteten. Det är viktigtatt hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal ser hur livskvalitet påverkas av flera aspekter ikvinnans liv för att hjälpa henne att bibehålla sin livskvalitet. Mer kvalitativ forskningom livskvalitet vore önskvärt för att få en djupare inblick i hur bröstcancer upplevspåverka kvinnans livskvalitet. / Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, it is therefore important forthe healthcare services to know how it affects the women’s experience of quality oflife. The aim of this study was to examine the experience of quality of life in womenwith breast cancer. From a systematic review of the literature, three themes emerged:physical changes, emotional reactions and meaning of support. The womenexperienced physical reactions such as fatigue, sleeping difficulties and pain whichnegatively affected their quality of life. The quality of life was also affected by thechange of body image which could arise at treatment. The women experienced thatthey didn’t receive enough information from the health care personnel, this also hadan impact on their quality of life. They emphasized the importance of meaningfulrelationships and that social support could increase their quality of life. It is importantthat the health care personnel become aware of the fact that the quality of life isaffected by several aspects in the women’s life to help her maintain her quality of life.It is clear the further qualitative research should be carried out in order to achieve abetter understanding of how to help women achieve a better quality of life whenconfronted with this disease.

Bakgrund: Varje år drabbas 55 000 personer i Sverige av cancer och behandlas oftast med kombinerade behandlingar. Den vanligaste biverkningen och det mest påfrestande symtomet vid cancer är fatigue. Fatigue betyder extrem trötthet/utmattninig och är en subjektiv upplevelse. Fatigue är inte en trötthet som går över efter sömn och vila. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva hur det är att leva med fatigue vid cancer och cancerbehandling. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie som bygger på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna är både kvalitativa och kvantitativa och har kvalitetsgranskats utifrån Fribergs kriterier för analys av vetenskapliga studier. Litteraturstudien utgår från det teoretiska begreppet livskvalitet. Resultat: Resultatet utmynnade i tre teman; Aspekter som påverkar graden av fatigue, Fatigues negativa påverkan på livskvalitet samt Sätt att hantera fatigue. I det första temat framkom det att fatigue är föränderligt beroende på vilken cancerdiagnos samt cancerbehandling personer genomgår. Det framkom hur fatigue är ett multidimensionellt begrepp där flera andra symtom är relaterade till fatigue. Andra temat innefattar hur avsaknad av energi och social isolation påverkar personers livskvalitet negativt. Det tredje temat innefattar hur personer hittar individuella strategier för att hantera sin fatigue och att fysisk aktivitet är den strategi som visats sig ha mest positiv inverkan på att minska graden av fatigue. Diskussion: I resultatdiskussionen diskuteras begreppet livskvalitet som är den teoretiska utgångspunkten i examensarbetet. Livskvalitet berör både sjukdomsspecifika aspekter samt biverkningar av behandlingen som bidrar till ohälsa. Detta är tillämpbart eftersom fatigue upplevs som psykiskt, fysisk och socialt påfrestande. Livskvalitet är något föränderligt och förändras då personer får en svår sjukdomsdiagnos. Även sjuksköterskans arbete är viktigt i mötet med personer med fatigue då sjuksköterkan kan komma med förslag på strategier som kan göra fatigue mindre påfrestande. / Background: Each year, 55 000people in Sweden affected by cancer and is usually treated with combined treatments. The most common side effect and the most distressing symptom of cancer is fatigue. Fatigue means extreme tiredness/exhaustion and it’s a subjective experience. Fatigue is not tiredness that goes over after sleep or rest. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe what it's like to live with fatigue in cancer and cancer treatment. Methods: A systematic literature review based on 15 scientific articles. The articles are both qualitative and quantitative and quality reviewed for Friberg's criteria for analyzing scientific studies. The literature review is based on the theoretical concept of quality of life. Results: The analysis resulted in three themes: Aspects that affect the level of fatigue, Fatigues negative impact on quality of life and method for managing fatigue. In the first place it was found that fatigue is constantly changing depending on the diagnosis of cancer and cancer treatment that people receiving. It also reached the conclusion how fatigue is a multidimensional concept where several other symptoms are related to fatigue. The Second theme includes the lack of energy and social isolation affects people's quality of life negatively. The third theme involves how people find individual strategies to deal with their fatigue and physical activity is the strategy that proved to have the most positive impact on reducing the severity of fatigue. Discussions: The results discussed the concept of quality of life, the theoretical concept in the literature review. Quality of life concerns both disease-specific aspects and treatment side effects that contribute to ill health. This is applicable because fatigue is experienced as mental, physical and social discomfort. Quality of life is something changing and change as people get a severe disease diagnosis. Even the nurse's work is important when meeting people with fatigue when nurses can make suggestions on strategies that can make fatigue less strenuous.

Bakgrund: I världen dör cirka 265,000 personer på grund av brännskador och för de som överlever är det en förödande och traumatisk livsförändring både för de själva och de anhöriga. Enbart i Sverige behandlas 1,500 personer för sina brännskador i sluten vård.  Brännskador ger upphov till olika komplikationer som kräver intensiv vård och rätt kompetens inom vården. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att beskriva hur vuxna patienters upplever sin livskvalité efter svår brännskada samt beskriva de inkluderade artiklarnas urvalsmetod. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie. Studien baseras på tio artiklar sökta i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycINFO och publicerade under åren 2004-2014. Huvudresultat: Livskvalitén var kopplat till huruvida man kunde återgå till sitt gamla liv efter skadan till exempel jobb, relationer, kroppsuppfattning samt aktivitet. Majoriteten av artiklarna använde sig av ändamåls urval. Tre av artiklarna angav inte urvalsmetod utan författarna till föreliggande studie tolkade dessa urvalsmetoder som är beskriven enligt Polit och Beck. Slutsats: En brännskada är en traumatisk upplevelse där patientens livskvalité kan förändras. Med ett socialt nätverk, familj och vänners stöd samt en god professionell vård kan patientens livskvalité förbättras och denne återfå meningsfullhet i livet. / Background: About 265,000 people dies in the world because of burns, and for those who survive it´s a devastating and traumatic life change event, both for themselves and for their relatives. In Sweden alone 1,500 people are treated for their burns in hospital every year. Burns gives rise to various complications that requires intensive care and the right healthcare skills. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how the adult patient’s experience quality of life after severe burn and to describe the included articles sample method. Method: Descriptive literature review. The study is based on ten articles that were searched on the databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsycINFO and were published between the years of 2004-2014. Main result: Quality of life was linked to whether you could return to your old life after the injury for example job, relations, body image and activity. The majority of the articles used purposive sample. Three of the articles did not indicate any sample instead the authors of this study interpreted this samples from the description giving by Polit and Beck. Conclusion: A burn can be a traumatic experience which the patient's quality of life can changes. With a social network, family and friends support and a good professional care, the patient´s quality of life improves and regain meaning in life.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oscko_gn_me_arafcf.pdf: 337038 bytes, checksum: 57cda83ef3e7bfe646cca8879d4e0d6f (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O exercício físico tem sido recomendado como forma de intervenção efetiva em aspectos da qualidade de vida relacionados à saúde de indivíduos portadores de inúmeras doenças crônicas. No quadro clínico da osteoartrite a limitação funcional é uma característica importante. Esta condição, frequentemente interfere de forma negativa no desempenho normal das atividades de vida diária e, consequentemente, na qualidade de vida dos portadores dessa doença. Dessa maneira os objetivos do trabalho foram comparar os indivíduos portadores de osteoartrite que praticam atividade física regular, com pacientes submetidos a tratamento fisioterápico de manutenção, traçar o perfil sócio-demográfico, antropométrico e a composição corporal, bem como avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e o nível de atividade física da população estudada. Foram estudados dois grupos de portadores de osteoartrite: o grupo controle (n=20) foi composto de pacientes que realizavam tratamento fisioterápico de analgesia em Unidade Básica de Saúde, três vezes por semana em dias alternados. Foram utilizadas a neuroestimulação elétrica transcutânea (TENS) e a diatermia por ondas curtas como técnicas analgésicas; compunham o grupo experimental (n=19) indivíduos portadores de osteoatrite participantes de aulas de hidroginástica em academia, três vezes por semana durante uma hora e por pelo menos seis meses. Foram relacionados o nível de atividade física basal (AFB – Baecke) e medidas de composição corporal (peso, dobra cutânea triciptal, relação cintura-quadril, circunferências musculares, IMC, percentual de massa gorda, peso corporal magro e peso da gordura) com os aspectos relacionados à qualidade de vida obtidos através do Medical Outcomes Short-form Health Survey (SF-36). Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas entre... / The physical exercise has been recommended as an effective intervention form in aspects of the quality of life, in carrying patients of some chronic diseases. Into the clinics of osteoarthtritis the functional limitation is an important characteristic. This condition frequently interferes negatively on the normal performance of the daily activities, and consequently on the quality of life of the osteoarthritic patients. In this way, the aim of this study was the compare the patients carrying osteoarthritis which use regular physical activity with patients submitted to the physiotherapic treatment, to draw the social, demographic and anthropometric profile, as well to evaluate the quality of life related to the health and the level of physical activity of the studied population. For this, two groups had been studied; the control group (n=20) was compose by osteoarthritis patients underwent to the ambulatorial rehabilitation in Public Basic Unit of Health, three times at week in alternated days. Have been used the transcutaneous electric neurostimulation (TENS) and the short wave diathermy as analgesic techniques. The experimental group (n=19) was composed by osteoarthritis patients, participants of hydrogymnastic classes in academy three times a week during one hour and for at least six months. Have been related the level of basal physical activity (AFB – BAECKE) and anthropometric variables (weight, triciptal skinfold, waist-to-hip ratio, muscle circumferences, body mass index, %fat, free fat mass and fat mass) with the aspects related to the quality of life obtained by the Medical Outcomes Short-form Healthy Survey (SF-36). The results showed significant differences among the groups about the domains role physical (p=0,0376), vitality (p=0,0053) and general healthy (p<0,0001); about to the anthropometric variables... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Acompanha: Biblioteca Digital de Qualidade de Vida / Este trabalho teve por objetivo construir uma biblioteca digital especializada voltada para a disseminação de informações e conhecimentos sobre o tema Qualidade de Vida. Para que este fosse alcançado, estruturou-se um referencial teórico embasado nas temáticas: informação, biblioteca digital, internet e a Lei de Direitos Autorais. Em termos estruturais, a Biblioteca Digital de Qualidade de Vida (BDQV) foi construída com base no banco de dados do indexador de periódicos GeoDados, do qual utiliza um sistema em linguagem MySQL para o gerenciamento de seu banco de informações, apoiado pela ferramenta phpMyAdmin. Ainda, a criação da interface de trabalho, como também dos sistemas de busca e recuperação de material da BDQV, foram construídos com o auxílio de ferramentas como o phpEditor, em linguagens PHP, HTML e CSS, tornando possível a consulta online dos materiais anexados de maneira fácil e ágil. A biblioteca foi testada em duas etapas, sendo que a primeira tratou da realização de um pré-teste, com o objetivo da detecção de possíveis problemas e a coleta de sugestões de melhoria. A segunda etapa tratou do teste final de usabilidade da BDQV, que teve por objetivo a validação desta como ferramenta de apoio ao ensino da temática qualidade de vida. Com a BDQV construída e testada, foi possível então perceber sua considerável aplicabilidade no apoio ao ensino-aprendizagem da temática Qualidade de Vida, nesta disciplina. / This study aimed to build a digital library specialist dedicated to the dissemination of information and knowledge of the theme of Quality of Life. For this to be achieved, if a structured theoretical framework was based on the themes addressed: information, digital library, and Internet Copyright Act. In structural terms, the Digital Library Quality of Life (DLQL) was built on the index database of journals Geodis, which uses a MySQL language system for managing your database information, supported by the tool phpMyAdmin. Still, the creation of the working interface, as well as systems for search and retrieval of material from DLQL were built with the help of tools like phpEditor in languages PHP, HTML and CSS, making it possible to search online for materials attached easily and quickly. The library was tested in two stages, where the first dealt with the completion of a pre-test, with the aim of detecting possible problems and collect suggestions for improvement. The second step this was the ultimate test of usability DLQL, which aimed at the validation of the library as a tool to support teaching of thematic quality of life. With DLQL built and tested, it was possible then realize its considerable applicability in supporting teaching and learning of thematic quality of life, the discipline of the same name. The methodology used to evaluate the product was qualitative, descriptive and field.

O Brasil é o maior exportador e o terceiro maior produtor mundial de carne de aves, com 11,42 milhões de toneladas em 2010 e 12,86 milhões de toneladas em 2011. Com relação à produção e exportação de carne de peru em 2011, as exportações totalizaram 141,2 mil toneladas. , com uma redução de 10,5%, quando comparada com o ano anterior. O mercado de produtos à base de carne de peru tem se mostrado bastante promissor não só no Brasil como em vários outros países, representando 6,9% da produção mundial. Aliado ao desenvolvimento da produção animal, principalmente nos últimos anos, o bem-estar animal tem constituído tema de discussão e pesquisa, estando entre os assuntos mais discutidos atualmente na produção animal. É crescente a convicção dos consumidores de que os animais utilizados para produção de alimentos devem ser bem tratados. Problemas locomotores impedem que a ave se movimente livremente e, com isso, acessem os equipamentos necessários para sua sobrevivência: comedouros e bebedouros. Cerca de 10 a 40% do lucro bruto por lote é perdido devido a problemas locomotores nas aves, as quais podem ter a carcaça condenada completa ou parcialmente no abatedouro. Existem diversas formas de avaliar os problemas locomotores em aves de corte. No campo, as metodologias mais empregadas para avaliar problemas locomotores são exames visuais da capacidade de locomoção das aves, denominados de Gait Score (avaliação do caminhar). Entretanto essas metodologias são consideradas subjetivas, pois não utilizam nenhum equipamento e, sim,planilhas que orientam o usuário a observar o comportamento das aves ou medir com régua o tamanho das lesões. Isto quer dizer, que dependendo do avaliador e de sua interpretação um escore de injúrias será concluído. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é validar uma nova tecnologia para mensuração de problemas locomotores em aves de corte (frangos e perus), que seja objetiva, de fácil manuseio, confiável (independente do avaliador) e de uso universal.Para tal, essa nova tecnologia foi desenvolvida e avaliada comparativamente com seis metodologias de mensuração de problemas locomotores, previamente estabelecidas pelas amplas citações na literatura, buscando ajustá-la e validá-la. / Brazil is the largest exporter and third largest producer of poultry meat, with 11.42 million tons in 2010 and 12.86 million tons in 2011. With this relation to the production and export of turkey meat in 2011, exports totaling 141,200 tons, with reduction of 10.5% when compared with the previous year. The market for products made from turkey meat has been shown very promising not only in Brazil and in several other countries, accounting 6.9% of global production. Allied with development of animal production, especially in recent years, animal welfare has been a subject of discussion and research, being among the most discussed subjects currently in production animal. There is growing certainty of consumers that animals used for food production should to be treated well. The locomotor problems hinder the fowl from moving freely and with it accessing the equipment necessary for their survival: feeders and drinkers. About 10-40% of gross profit per lot is lost due to locomotor problems in birds, of which can be completely or partly condemned carcass the slaughterhouse. There are different ways of evaluating the locomotor problems in broiler chickens. In the field, the methodologies used to evaluate locomotor problems are visual examinations of walking ability of the birds, called Gait Score (evaluation of walking). Meanwhile these methods are considered subjective because does not use any equipment and, yeah, worksheets that guide the user to observe the bird behavior with a ruler or measuring the size of the lesions. This means that depending the evaluator and their interpretation a score of injuries will be concluded. In this way, the purpose of this work is to validate a new technology for measurement of locomotors problems in broiler chickens (chickens and turkeys) that be objective, with easily managed and confidante, independent the evaluator and with universal use. To this the new technology was developed and evaluated in comparison with six methodologies to measure locomotors problems, previously established by extensive citations in the literature, look for adjust it and validate it.