Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2004. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-162).

Zugl.: Kaiserslautern, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2010

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 171 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-171).

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετώνται και συγκρίνονται μεταξύ τους μερικές από τις κυριότερες προγραμματιστικές διεπαφές (APIs) που έχουν αναπτυχθεί για τη διαχείριση οντολογικών εγγράφων του Σημαντικού Ιστού. Αυτές οι προγραμματιστικές διεπαφές είναι εκφρασμένες σε JAVA, και κάθε μία προσφέρει ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά για την διαχείριση οντολογιών. Οι προγραμματιστικές διεπαφές μελετήθηκαν και συγκρίθηκαν ως προς διάφορα χαρακτηριστικά. Σ’ αυτά περιλαμβάνονται οι οντολογικές γλώσσες τις οποίες υποστηρίζουν, ποια ιδιαίτερα υποσύνολα («διαλέκτους») γλωσσών με συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά υποστηρίζουν, αλλά και οι δυνατότητες ανακάλυψης γνώσης που παρέχουν, με την υποστήριξη κάποιας γλώσσας συγγραφής επερωτήσεων ή όχι. Επίσης μελετήσαμε τους στόχους κάθε διεπαφής και τα πεδία εφαρμογής της με τα συγκριτικά πλεονεκτήματα και τους περιορισμούς τους οποίους εισάγει. Τέλος, προτείνεται ένας μηχανισμός ανακάλυψης γνώσης από οντολογικά έγγραφα, και περιγράφεται η ανάπτυξή του. Ο μηχανισμός που αναπτύχθηκε είναι ένας μηχανισμός υποβολής ευφυών επερωτήσεων προς OWL οντολογίες, με ευρύτερες εκφραστικές δυνατότητες από τις υπάρχουσες προτάσεις, που συνήθως προσανατολίζονται σε RDF έγγραφα ή θέτουν διάφορους περιορισμούς ως προς τη φύση των επερωτήσεων. Για το σκοπό χρησιμοποιήθηκε μια νέα πρόταση στις γλώσσες επερωτήσεων, η SPARQL-DL. Επίσης, στόχοι κατά την ανάπτυξη του μηχανισμού ήταν η λειτουργικότητα και η επεκτασιμότητα της συνολικής εφαρμογής. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο, αρχικά γίνεται μια εισαγωγή στο Σημαντικό Ιστό, με την περιγραφή των γενικών χαρακτηριστικών του, της αναγκαιότητας των υπηρεσιών του και των διαφόρων προσεγγίσεων υλοποίησής του. Περιγράφονται τα συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά των γλωσσών που συμμετέχουν αυτή τη στιγμή ή προορίζονται για να συμμετάσχουν στη δόμησή του, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη γλώσσα που συστήνει το World Wide Web Consortium, την OWL. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο περιγράφονται οι γλώσσες συγγραφής επερωτήσεων που υπάρχουν αυτή τη στιγμή για την ανακάλυψη γνώσης από οντολογίες, τα συγκεκριμένα χαρακτηριστικά και οι αδυναμίες της κάθε μιας. Και πάλι δίνουμε ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στο πρότυπο του W3C, τη γλώσσα SPARQL, και στην προτεινόμενη εξέλιξή της, τη SPARQL-DL. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφονται οι πιο κοινές προγραμματιστικές διεπαφές, τα χαρακτηριστικά που παρέχουν και οι αδυναμίες τους. Περιγράφονται ως προς τις οντολογικές γλώσσες που υποστηρίζουν, τις γλώσσες και γενικότερα τις μεθόδους επερωτήσεων που υποστηρίζουν και τα πεδία εφαρμογών στα οποία χρησιμοποιούνται. Περιγράφονται επίσης οι τρόποι διασύνδεσης των διάφορων διεπαφών μεταξύ τους ή με άλλα τμήματα λογισμικού, όπως μηχανισμούς συλλογισμού (reasoners). Στο τέταρτο και τελευταίο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται ένας μηχανισμός υποβολής ευφυών επερωτήσεων και παρουσιάζεται η ανάπτυξή του. Περιγράφονται οι επιλογές των εργαλείων που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν και οι γενικότερες σχεδιαστικές επιλογές. Εκτελούνται πειράματα ώστε να αξιολογηθεί αυτός ο μηχανισμός υποβολής επερωτήσεων και να διερευνηθούν οι περιορισμοί τους οποίους εισάγουν τα συγκεκριμένα εργαλεία που χρησιμοποιήσαμε αλλά και οι δυνατότητες που προκύπτουν από αυτά. Παρουσιάζονται οι πιθανές επεκτάσεις της εφαρμογής που αναπτύχθηκε, με επιπλέον χαρακτηριστικά, ώστε για παράδειγμα να γίνει προσβάσιμη από απομακρυσμένες εφαρμογές. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται ένα πιθανό σενάριο χρήσης της εφαρμογής σε πραγματικό περιβάλλον, ώστε να γίνουν περισσότερο εμφανή τα πλεονεκτήματα και η χρησιμότητα ενός τέτοιου μηχανισμού ανακάλυψης γνώσης. / We study and compare the main Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) that have been developed for manipulating ontologies of the Semantic Web. These APIs are expressed in JAVA, and each one offers specific characteristics for managing ontologies. The APIs were studied and compared towards different aspects of functionality. These include the ontology languages each one supports, which specific idioms of those languages they support, and also the capabilities for retrieving knowledge that they provide, via supporting some query language or not. Furthermore, we studied the specific goals of each API and its application fields, with the respective advantages and the limitations it imports. Finally we suggest a mechanism for knowledge retrieval and describe its development. The mechanism we develop implements query answering for queries asked against OWL ontologies, with expanded capabilities compared to the existing query mechanisms, which are mostly oriented to RDF graphs or pose various restrictions regarding the queries. For this purpose we utilize the recently proposed SPARQL-DL query language. Additional goals during the development of this mechanism are ease of use and extensibility of the overall application.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια το Internet προσφέρει στις επιχειρήσεις ένα νέο φάσμα δυνατοτήτων επικοινωνίας, διείσδυσης και ανάπτυξης. Βασικός μοχλός ήταν οι ραγδαίες τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις, με σημαντικότερη καινοτομία την ανάπτυξη του Web, που διευκόλυνε την πρόσβαση μέσω φυλλομετρητών (browsers) με υποστήριξη γραφικών και επέτρεψε στο ευρύ κοινό να πλοηγείται εύκολα και γρήγορα. Αυτό είχε ως αποτέλεσμα πολλές επιχειρήσεις να εκμεταλλευτούν αυτή την ανακάλυψη και να δραστηριοποιηθούν εμπορικά χρησιμοποιώντας νέα επικοινωνιακή υποδομή τεχνοτροπία marketing και πωλήσεων. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο θα περιγράψουμε τον ορισμό, τις κατηγορίες, τα επιχειρηματικά μοντέλα και τις τεχνολογίες του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου. Στην συνέχεια θα αναφερθούμε στον Σημασιολογικό Ιστό που είναι ο «Μεσσίας» του Παγκόσμιου Ιστού δηλαδή ή εξέλιξη του και θα περιγράψουμε εργαλεία και εφαρμογές του για το πώς θα μας βοηθήσει στον τρόπο ζωής μας. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο θα αναφέρουμε προγράμματα - εργαλεία που χρησιμοποιούνται με σκοπό να δημιουργήσουμε ένα ηλεκτρονικό κατάστημα και στην συνέχεια στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο θα παρουσιαστεί ένα κατάστημα αγοράς ηλεκτρονικών βιβλίων, με τις προδιαγραφές και το περιβάλλον που πρέπει να τηρούνται στις μέρες μας με σκοπό να κάνουν τις συναλλαγές ευκολότερες. Τέλος στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο θα παραθέσουμε τα δικά μας συμπεράσματα και λεπτομέρειες που πρέπει να προσέξουμε όταν αποφασίσουμε να κατασκευάσουμε το δικό μας ηλεκτρονικό κατάστημα (website). / In recent years, Internet offers to businesses a range of new communications facilities, penetration and growth. The main reason was the rapid technological developments, most important innovation to develop the Web, which facilitated access through browsers (browsers) with graphics and allowed the public to navigate quickly and easily. This has led many companies to exploit this discovery and to operate using commercial communications infrastructure and new style of marketing and sales. The first chapter describes the definition, categories, business models and technologies of electronic commerce. Then we refer to the Semantic Web which is the "Messiah" of World Wide Web and describe tools and applications on how to help us in our lifestyle. The third chapter deals with programs - tools used to create an online store and then in the fourth chapter it is presented a detailed e-book online shop, with the standards and the environment to be observed today in order to make trade easier. Finally in the fifth chapter we cite our own conclusions and future surveys in order to be careful when we decide to create our online store (website).

Τα τελευταία χρόνια γίνονται επιταχυνόμενες προσπάθειες για να ενσωματωθούν αποτελεσματικά οι ψηφιακές τεχνολογίες στην εκπαίδευση. Στόχος είναι να προσθέσει η ενσωμάτωση αυτή πραγματική και μετρίσιμη αξία στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Σκοπός αυτής της εργασίας είναι να παρουσιάσουμε τους τρόπους που η καθιερωμένη markup γλώσσα για τα μαθηματικά, η MathML, μπορεί να βοηθήσει την εκπαίδευση στον τομέα των μαθηματικών. Εξετάζουμε την MathML σαν ένα από τα εργαλεία που προσφέρει η ταχεία ανάπτυξη του Σημασιολογικού Ιστού (Semantic Web). Ειδικότερα παρουσιάζονται οι markup γλώσσες XML, HTML5, MathML και κάποια εργαλεία που βοηθούν στην ενσωμάτωση τέτοιων τεχνολογιών. Για την MathML, δημιουργήθηκε ένας οδηγός χρήσης, προσιτός σε κάθε χρήστη. Στον τομέα της εκπαίδευσης, θα δούμε με ποιους τρόπους ο Σ.Ι. και η MathML προσθέτουν άξια στην εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Δημιουργήθηκε σε MathML ένα σενάριο διδασκαλίας στην Τριγωνομετρίας. Μέσω του Θεμελιώδους θεωρήματος Λογισμού, θα δούμε πως μπορεί η MathML να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε συνδυασμό με μια μελλοντική οντολογία αυτόνομων ενοτήτων στα Μαθηματικά όπου η κάθε ενότητα μπορεί να αποτελεί βάση αυτομάθησης/αυτοαξιολόγησης. Τέλος, θα αναφερθούμε στις προοπτικές που υπάρχουν στο άμεσο μέλλον. / In latest years, people making efforts to integrate digital technology effectively in education. The aim of this Postgraduate Work is to give real and measurable value in educational process. The goal is to present some ways that the usual markup language, MathML may help in mathematical education. We investigate MathML, as one of the tools, which are offered by the development of Semantic Web. More specifically, we present XML, HTML5 and MathML markup languages, and some tools which are helpful in integration of these technologies. We create a more approachable guide for helping anyone to understand MathML. In education, we will investigate how Semantic Web and MathML can give extra value in education process. Also we created a teaching scenario using MathML, in Trigonometry. Through the Fundamental Calculus Theorem, we will see a usage of MathML combing it in a future ontology of autonomous units in Mathematics, where each unit can be a base in autoeducate/autoevaluate. In the end, we will refer in future perspectives.

Submitted by Jaider Andrade Ferreira (jaideraf@gmail.com) on 2014-08-08T13:12:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_ja_me_mar.pdf: 2583232 bytes, checksum: 13793146fcfbbf0f3e90673d816e0f8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-08T13:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_ja_me_mar.pdf: 2583232 bytes, checksum: 13793146fcfbbf0f3e90673d816e0f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Com o desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, a Ciência da Informação precisou repensar a postura tradicional de gerenciamento informacional. O hipertexto, advindo principalmente por meio do ambiente Web, elevou ainda mais a complexidade do tratamento informacional. A popularização da Internet fez com que a Web se tornasse mais interativa e colaborativa tornando comum a utilização de sistemas wiki para o gerenciamento informacional. Idealizada por Tim Berners-Lee, surge a iniciativa da Web Semântica, na qual as máquinas são capazes de analisar os dados presentes na rede. Nesse contexto aparecem os wikis semânticos, caracterizados por fazerem uso das tecnologias da Web Semântica. Diante desse cenário, considera-se que a Ciência da Informação, que já se preocupa com o desenvolvimento da Web e da Web Semântica, deve também se preocupar com os wikis semânticos. Assim, por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, objetivou-se explorar, apresentar e descrever as características dos wikis semânticos com enfoque nas atividades de descrição, de recuperação e de intercâmbio de informações apoiadas em tecnologias da Web Semântica, visando a favorecer o entendimento, a discussão e o uso dessas tecnologias em ambientes informacionais digitais. Após uma apresentação sobre as raízes históricas da Web Semântica, são destacados os padrões de representação, codificação, descrição, relação e consulta de dados estruturados (URI, XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL e SPARQL) que, junto a outras tecnologias, formam a base da Web Semântica e apoiam o funcionamento dos wikis semânticos. Os wikis semânticos são apresentados e definidos como sistemas wiki que se utilizam de tecnologias da Web Semântica para incorporar conhecimento formalizado, conteúdo, estruturas e links em suas páginas. Após essa etapa, são descritas as principais atividades de descrição, de recuperação e de intercâmbio de informações no Semantic MediaWiki, o wiki semântico mais utilizado até o momento. Como considerações finais, entende-se que os wikis semânticos favorecem o entendimento, a discussão e o uso de tecnologias da Web Semântica em ambientes informacionais digitais. / Due to the development of Information and Communication Technologies, Information Science has been forced to rethink the traditional posture of information management. Hypertext, arising mainly through the Web environment, further increased the complexity of the information handling. The popularization of the Internet has led the Web to a more interactive and a more collaborative environment, bringing wiki systems, for example, to manage information in a collaborative way. Conceived by Tim Berners-Lee, there is the Semantic Web initiative in which machines are able to analyze data on the network. In this context, semantic wikis arise: wikis characterized by the use of Semantic Web technologies. Therefore, we believe that Information Science, which cares about the development of the Web and the Semantic Web, should also care about semantic wikis. Thus, by a descriptive and an exploratory research, the objective is to explore, to present and to describe the characteristics of the semantic wikis on the activities of representation, retrieval and exchange of information supported by Semantic Web technologies in order to facilitate the understanding, the discussion, and the use of these technologies in digital information environments. After a presentation about the origins of the Semantic Web, we highlight the data representation, encoding, description, relation, and query standards (URI, XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL and SPARQL) which, with other technologies, form the basis of the Semantic Web and support the functioning of semantic wikis. Semantic wikis are presented and defined as wiki systems that use Semantic Web technologies in order to incorporate formalized knowledge, content, structure and links on their pages. After that, we describe the main activities for information description, retrieval and interchange on Semantic MediaWiki, the most popular and most used semantic wiki engine so far. As conclusion, we consider that semantic wikis can promote understanding, discussions, and use of Semantic Web technologies in digital information environments. / FAPESP: 2011/15085-6

Metadados vêm sendo utilizados amplamente para descrever objetos de aprendizagem na Web. Contudo, mesmo que a adoção de um único padrão de metadados pudesse assegurar a reusabilidade de recursos e interoperabilidade entre aplicações, ainda não existe um esquema de metadados que seja apropriado para preencher todos os requisitos de cada aplicação. Com isso, a criação de novos padrões de metadados e perfis de aplicação torna-se constante com o passar dos anos. Atualmente, a Web está sendo estendida pela Web Semântica de forma sistemática. A integração dos seus dados vem sendo obtida em grande parte pela adoção de ontologias. A presente dissertação propõe uma abordagem de representação de conhecimento em três camadas baseada em ontologias para metadados educacionais. Esta abordagem é composta de ontologias modulares com intuito de aumentar o reuso e otimizar o processamento de inferências dos metadados. Além disto, é proposto um método de interoperabilidade entre metadados descritos em XML e OWL para a proposta de ontologias modulares. Os resultados apresentaram ganhos quanto ao uso de ontologias modulares e verificações de cardinalidades em mundo fechado. As ontologias propostas apresentam uma representação de conhecimento de forma unificada e são compatíveis com as tecnologias atuais da Web Semântica. / Metadata has been broadly employed to describe learning objects on the Web. However, even with the adoption of a unique metadata standard could secure reusability of resources and interoperability among applications, there is no metadata schema that would be enough to comply with all requirements of each application yet. Therewith, the creation of new metadata standards and profile applications are regularly over the years. Nowadays, the Semantic Web is extending the Web systematically. The integration of data has been activated mostly by the adoption of ontologies. This dissertation proposes an approach to knowledge representation in three layers based on ontologies for educational metadata. This approach is composed of modular ontologies that aim improve reuse and optimize the inference processing of metadata. Beyond that, an interoperability method is proposed to metadata described in XML and OWL to the modularized ontologies. The results show some optimization in using modular ontologies and cardinality verification in a closed world. The proposed ontologies unify the knowledge representation and they are compatible with the current Semantic Web technologies.

abstract: The concept of Linked Data is gaining widespread popularity and importance. The method of publishing and linking structured data on the web is called Linked Data. Emergence of Linked Data has made it possible to make sense of huge data, which is scattered all over the web, and link multiple heterogeneous sources. This leads to the challenge of maintaining the quality of Linked Data, i.e., ensuring outdated data is removed and new data is included. The focus of this thesis is devising strategies to effectively integrate data from multiple sources, publish it as Linked Data, and maintain the quality of Linked Data. The domain used in the study is online education. With so many online courses offered by Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), it is becoming increasingly difficult for an end user to gauge which course best fits his/her needs. Users are spoilt for choices. It would be very helpful for them to make a choice if there is a single place where they can visually compare the offerings of various MOOC providers for the course they are interested in. Previous work has been done in this area through the MOOCLink project that involved integrating data from Coursera, EdX, and Udacity and generation of linked data, i.e. Resource Description Framework (RDF) triples. The research objective of this thesis is to determine a methodology by which the quality of data available through the MOOCLink application is maintained, as there are lots of new courses being constantly added and old courses being removed by data providers. This thesis presents the integration of data from various MOOC providers and algorithms for incrementally updating linked data to maintain their quality and compare it against a naïve approach in order to constantly keep the users engaged with up-to-date data. A master threshold value was determined through experiments and analysis that quantifies one algorithm being better than the other in terms of time efficiency. An evaluation of the tool shows the effectiveness of the algorithms presented in this thesis. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2016

Orientador: José Eduardo Santarem Segundo / Banca: Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa Santos / Banca: Elvis Fusco / Resumo: O aumento dos fluxos de informação na Web, devido a difusão e utilização cada vez maior das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC), tornam substancial a criação de tecnologias capazes de otimizar o acesso aos recursos informacionais e à informação. O recurso audiovisual que cresce desordenadamente requer soluções concernentes à estruturação, representação, interoperabilidade e à sua recuperação, gerando discussões muito necessárias na área da Ciência da Informação. A Web Semântica se propõe a possibilitar estruturação e a significação dos conteúdos na Web, para que computadores possam processar e interpretar o conteúdo para uma recuperação de informações mais eficiente, apresenta-se como o universo adequado para muitos estudos e pesquisas. Nesse contexto, o projeto Linked Data prevê melhores práticas para disponibilizar dados facilitando a interoperabilidade e a recuperação de informações. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em identificar e analisar os conjuntos de dados sobre recursos audiovisuais no contexto do Linked Data, buscando verificar como a estrutura dos padrões de descrição pode contribuir para o ambiente informacional digital na representação de recursos e na interoperabilidade. O método utilizado foi o descritivo e exploratório, que consistiu no levantamento e documentação bibliográfica sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa e no estudo de ontologias e de padrões de metadados para descrição de recursos audiovisuais. A etapa exploratória consistiu na análise ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The increase in Web information flows due to diffusion and increasing use Technologies of Information and Communication (TIC) make substantial creating technologies that optimize access to information resources and information. The audiovisual resource that grows inordinately requires solutions concerning the structure, representation, interoperability and recovery, generating much needed discussions in the area of Information Science. The Semantic Web aims to enable the structuring and the significance of the content on the Web, so that computers can process and interpret the content for more efficient information retrieval, is presented as the appropriate universe for many studies and research. In this context, the project Linked Data provides best practices to provide data to facilitate interoperability and information retrieval. The objective of this work is to identify and analyze the data sets of audiovisual resources in the context of Linked Data, in order to verify the structure of the description of patterns may contribute to the digital information environment in the representation of resources and interoperability. The method used was descriptive and exploratory, which consisted of the survey and scientific literature on the central themes of research and study of ontologies and metadata standards for describing audio-visual resources. The exploratory phase consisted in the analysis of data sets audiovisual feature available in Linked Data. It is concluded that the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre