Den tekniska utvecklingen i samhället går snabbare och snabbare, ett påstående knappast någon bestrider nuförtiden. Utvecklingen, inte minst inom dator- och IT-området, påverkar oss alla, oavsett ålder. Inom skolan är datorer ett självklart redskap och begreppet digitala verktyg är inkluderat i grundskolans läroplan inom flera olika ämnen. Denna undersökning syftar till att belysa iPadens roll i grundskolans musikundervisning. För att få svar på om en iPad tillsammans med anpassade appar kan användas som ett musikinstrument i undervisningen, eller till och med ersätta traditionella musikinstrument, så har jag intervjuat tre personer. En representant för utformningen av Skolverkets läroplan för ämnet musik, en rektor inom grundskolan och en ämneslärare i musik på grundskolan får ge sin syn på frågan. Dessa kvalitativa intervjuer ligger till grund för empirin i denna undersökning. Informanternas svar har analyserats med ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv vilket har lett till nya frågor och svar kring iPadens roll i musikundervisningen. Resultatet pekar på att iPads och appar har en självklar roll som verktyg i musikundervisningen men kan inte betecknas som ett musikinstrument. Dock betonar samtliga informanter att svaret kan bli annorlunda i framtiden. Ett tydligt tecken på hur snabbt tekniken utvecklas. / The technical development in society moves faster and faster, a statement no one question nowadays. The development within computer and IT-area affects us all regardless of age. Computers are a natural tool and the concept of digital tools is included in several different subjects in elementary school program. This examination aims to illuminate the role of the iPad in elementary school music education. I have interviewed three individuals to get an answer to the question if an iPad with custom applications can be used as music instrument in education or even replace conventional music instruments. The individuals I have interviewed are: one representative from national agency for education (Skolverket), one principal from elementary school and one music teacher from elementary school. These qualitative interviews are the foundation of the empirical studies in this examination. The answers from this interview have been analyzed via a hermeneutic perspective, which have led to further questions and answers in this matter. The result clearly illustrates that iPads and applications have a given role as a tool in music education but can not be described as a music instrument. Nevertheless, all individuals interviewed underlines that the answer can be different in the future. This is a clear sign of how fast technology develops.

The purpose of this study is to examine preschool teachers attitude how a tablet can be used to arouse children's interests and curiosity when it comes to science and technology. To examine this, interviews with six preschool teachers from five different preschools in three municipalities implemented. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were chosen to find out their personal views and thereby increase the possibilities to get as detailed and complete answers as possible. The results of this study show that preschool teachers have a positive attitude about the tablet in preschool. According to all interviewed preschool teachers, the tablet device is used to search for information and documentation within subjects such as science and technology. The result of this study also shows that the preschool teacher’s competence has been a significant factor in how the tablet is used in preschool. Preschool teacher who have worked the shortest time in preschool and have a further education sees more opportunities and have a higher competence around how the tablet can be used as an educational tool in their education. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka förskollärarens inställning till hur en surfplatta kan användas till att väcka barns intressen och nyfikenheter när det gäller naturvetenskap och teknik. För att ta reda på detta har intervjuer med sex förskollärare ifrån fem olika förskolor inom tre olika kommuner genomförts. Kvalitativa semistrukurerade intervjuer valdes för att kunna ta reda på deras personliga uppfattningar och därmed öka möjligheterna till att få så detaljerade och innehållsrika svar som möjligt. Resultatet från denna studie visar att förskollärare har en positiv attityd kring surfplattan i förskolan. Enlig samtliga förskollärare används en surfplatta till informationssökning och dokumentation inom ämnen som naturvetenskap och teknik. Resultatet visar dessutom att förskollärarens kompetens har en betydande faktor i hur surfplattan används. Förskollärare som arbetat kortast tid i förskolans verksamhet samt har en vidare utbildning, ser fler möjligheter och har en högre kompetens kring hur en surfplatta kan användas som ett pedagogiskt verktyg i förskolan.

In traditional science education, lecture-style presentation dominates. There is a call, however, to integrate a greater amount of inquiry and discovery into the science classroom, specifically utilizing new media and technology. To answer that call, an undergraduate team created a tablet application for primary students, which was designed to supplement instruction in the physical sciences. The app was then taken into the classroom to test for efficacy. The primary students’ test scores showed a significant increase after use of the tablet application. Grade level and school location did affect change in test score; whereas, gender, type of school, student IEP, and iPad use did not. The undergraduate team who designed the app also showed significant increase in concept knowledge after the project in specific topic areas. / Literature review -- Methodology and results for undergraduate study -- iPad application : the product -- Methodology and results for primary student study -- Implications and recommendations. / Department of Chemistry

Construction equipment such as wheel loaders and dumpers are constantly getting updated with new technology when it comes to performance and fuel consumption. But the interior in the cockpit has not been exposed to any dramatic changes for decades. A modernized cockpit gives the driver a more modern feel of driving a highly technological machine, while at the same time enables for personalization. This thesis work presents a new way of improving the look and feel for displaying relevant information and also relaying information to both the driver of the machine and spectators outside. It includes a way of rerouting CAN-bus signals from a construction machine and displaying it on a tablet. The core idea with the solution is to make it as modular as possible to further improve and be able to use it in any machine available at Volvo's disposal. With this in mind, any machine could use the same software, the same hardware and still be able to fully utilize all the features that have been implemented from the thesis work. The idea and implementational results are designed as partly embedded and partly towards user interface.

The purpose of this study is to examine how preschool teachers use the tablet as a digital tool for children's language development. Interviews are the method used in the work. Three preschool teachers and a special pedagogue have been interviewed in the study. The result of the study shows that preschool teachers and the special pedagogue, the respondents, have knowledge of the tablet as a digital tool for children's language development. It differs slightly from the respondents. The result also shows that preschool teachers’ definition of digital literacy is about knowledge in the use of digital tools: tablets, computers and projectors, in terms of both software and hardware. Preschool teachers also feel that digital literacy is a tool for teachers and children in learning. The special pedagogue believes that with digital skills, children can use the digital tools. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förskollärare använder surfplattan som ett digitalt verktyg för barns språkutveckling. Intervjuer är den metod som använts i arbetet. Tre förskollärare och en specialpedagog har intervjuats i studien. Resultatet av studien visar att förskollärarna och specialpedagogen, respondenterna, har  kunskap om surfplattan som ett digitalt verktyg för barns språkutveckling. Det skiljer sig en aning mellan respondenterna. Resultatet visar också på att förskollärarnas definition av digital kompetens handlar om kunskap i att använda digitala verktyg: surfplattor, datorer och projektorer, både vad gäller mjukvara och hårdvara. Förskollärarna menar också att den digitala kompetensen är ett verktyg för pedagoger och barn i lärandet. Specialpedagogen anser att med digital kompetens menas, att barnen kan använda de digitala verktygen, samt att de vet innebörden av användandet av appar och dess innehåll och inte bara använder sig av dra-och-släppa-strategin[1]. [1] Dra-och-släppa-strategi menas att barnet spelar spelt på surfplattan utan att reflektera över hur appen fungerar, bara för att vinna eller att få så många stjärnor som möjligt (Nilsen, 2014, s. 93-94). Ett exempel på en sådan situationen kan vara att barnen ska lägga alla äpplen i korgen, men barnet börjar med päronen och sedan bananen efter ett får barnet slumpmässigt ner alla äpplena i korgen.

MSc (Med),Dept of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / Pain is the net effect of multidimensional mechanisms that engage most parts of the central nervous system (CNS) and the treatment of pain is one of the key challenges in clinical medicine (Le Bars et al., 2001; Miranda et al., 2008). Polypharmacy is seen as a barrier to analgesic treatment compliance, signifying the necessity for the development of fixed dose combinations (FDCs), which allow the number of tablets administered to be reduced, with no associated loss in efficacy or increase in the prevalence of side effects (Torres Morera, 2004). FDCs of analgesic drugs with differing mechanisms of nociceptive modulation offer benefits including synergistic analgesic effects, where the individual agents act in a greater than additive manner, and a reduced occurrence of side-effects (Raffa, 2001; Camu, 2002). This study aimed at producing a novel, rate-modulated, fixed-dose analgesic formulation for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. The fixed-dose combination (FDC) rationale of paracetamol (PC), tramadol hydrochloride (TM) and diclofenac potassium (DC) takes advantage of previously reported analgesic synergy of PC and TM as well as extending the analgesic paradigm with the addition of the anti-inflammatory component, DC. The study involved the development of a triple-layered tablet delivery system with the desired release characteristics of approximately 60% of the PC and TM being made available within 2 hours to provide an initial pain relief effect and then sustained zero-order release of DC over a period of 24 hours to combat the on-going effects of any underlying inflammatory conditions. The triple-layered tablet delivery system would thus provide both rapid onset of pain relief as well as potentially address an underlying inflammatory cause. The design of a novel triple-layered tablet allowed for the desired release characteristics to be attained. During initial development work on the polymeric matrix it was discovered that only when combined with the optimized ratio of the release retarding polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) in combination with electrolytic-crosslinking activity, provided by the biopolymer sodium alginate and zinc gluconate, could the 24 hour zero-order release of DC be attained. It was also necessary for this polymeric matrix to be bordered on both sides by the cellulosic polymers containing PC and TM. Thus the application of multi-layered tableting technology in the form of a triple-layered tablet were capable of attaining the rate-modulated release objectives set out in the study. The induced barriers provided by the three layers also served to physically separate TM and DC, reducing the likelihood of the bioavailability-diminishing interaction noted in United States Patent 6,558,701 and detected in the DSC analysis performed as part of this study. The designed system provided significant flexibility in modulation of release kinetics for drugs of varying solubility. The suitability of the designed triple-layered tablet delivery system was confirmed by a Design of Experiments (DoE) statistical evaluation, which revealed that Formulation F4 related closest to the desired more immediate release for PC and TM and the zero-order kinetics for DC. The results were confirmed by comparing Formulation F4 to typical release kinetic mechanisms described by Noyes-Whitney, Higuchi, Power Law, Pappas-Sahlin and Hopfenberg. Using f1 and f2 fit factors Formulation F4 compared favourably to each of the criteria defined for these kinetic models. The Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) assay method developed displayed superior resolution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) combinations and the linearity plots produced indicated that the method was sufficiently sensitive to detect the concentrations of each API over the concentration ranges studied. The method was successfully validated and hence appropriate to simultaneously detect the three APIs as well as 4-aminophenol, the degradation product related to PC. Textural profile analysis in the form of swelling as well as matrix hardness analysis revealed that an increase in the penetration distance was associated with an increase in hydration time of the tablet and also an increase in gel layer thickness. The swelling complexities observed in the delivery system in terms of both the PEO, crosslinking sodium alginate and both cellulose polymers as well as the actuality of the three layers of the tablet swelling simultaneously suggests further intricacies involved in the release kinetics of the three drugs from this tablet configuration. Modified release dosage forms, such as the one developed in this study, have gained widespread importance in recent years and offer many advantages including flexible release kinetics and improved therapy and patient compliance.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is a localised infection in the oropharynx region caused by Candida species, predominately C. albicans. It is commonly spread among immunocompromised patients and aggravated by hyposalivation or xerostomia. Current treatment is by systemic antifungals, which might be accompanied by gastrointestinal tract disorders, headache, allergic reactions and drug interactions or Candida becoming resistant to them. In the present work, the anti-candida activity of chlorhexidine diacetate (CHD) was tested as the drug of choice, it has no systemic side effects and microorganisms do not develop resistance against it. Thymol and farnesol were also tested individually and in combination with CHD to investigate a synergistic effect against Candida planktonic cells. The effects of CHD and thymol were investigated against C. albicans biofilm after two hours exposure by testing the metabolic stress, vacuolar activity and protein content. The results of the anti-Candida activity of CHD and thymol based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum biocidal concentration (MBC) were 2.5 and 5 μg/ml for the former and 125 and 250 μg/ml for the later. Farnesol did not show an MIC and MBC at the investigated concentrations, however, it increased the MIC and MBC of CHD to 5 and 40 μg/ml and of thymol to 250 and >250 μg/ml, respectively. The antibiofilm activity of CHD and thymol was concentration dependent and CHD was more potent than thymol. A concentration of 20 μg/ml and 2 hours treatment of Candida biofilm grown for 24 hours showed an 85% decrease in oxidative stress, 78% and 60% loss of vacuolar activity and protein content, respectively. The combination of both drugs showed a limited increase in the activity. The cytotoxic effects of CHD and thymol were tested on human embryo kidney epithelial cell line (HEK 293); the metabolic stress, lysosomal activity and protein content were tested. The cytotoxic effects were also concentration dependent and the combination have increased the cytotoxicity. A concentration of 20 μg/ml and 2 hours treatment showed a 40% decrease in oxidative stress and neither the lysosomal activity nor protein content of HEK 293 cells was affected by the treatment Finally, a mucoadhesive hydrogel buccal tablets for the controlled release of CHD were designed and prepared to increase the residence time of an effective concentration of CHD in the oral cavity for two hours. They were prepared using Poloxamer 407 (P407), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and either sorbitol, mannitol or xylitol at different ratios. The tablets were investigated for their physical properties, ex vivo mucoadhesion, the rate of hydration, gelling efficiency using image analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and in vitro dissolution using Apparatus I and a novel method based on controlled flow rate to mimic salivary drug delivery in the oral cavity. Based on the antibiofilm activity and the cytotoxic effect of CHD a concentration of 20 μg/mL was chosen to be released from the tablets to maintain both efficacy and safety. Accordingly, to maintain this concentration the final formulations were prepared with a 2.5 mg dose of CHD. Tablets analysis showed no chemical interaction with the excipient based on DSC, FTIR and XRD. Furthermore, a novel dissolution method was developed based on a constant flow rate of the dissolution media to mimic oral salivary flow. By comparing CHD release using App I and the flow rate method it was shown that hydrogel-forming tablets successfully controlled the release of CHD regardless of the volume of the dissolution media with approximately 90% release and an average release concentration of 19 μg/ml and 1 ml/min flow rate. This making it a potential candidate for future application for treatment of candidiasis in all types of patients.

Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2017-01-03T12:08:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016RomildoPereiradaCruz.pdf: 1829347 bytes, checksum: b0f67b525036261b7f3b5efddb059592 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2017-01-06T17:25:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016RomildoPereiradaCruz.pdf: 1829347 bytes, checksum: b0f67b525036261b7f3b5efddb059592 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-06T17:25:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2016RomildoPereiradaCruz.pdf: 1829347 bytes, checksum: b0f67b525036261b7f3b5efddb059592 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01 / Esta dissertação resulta de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar e interpretar as percepções dos alunos da Educação Básica de três escolas da Região Central do Rio Grande do Sul, especificamente das Cidades de Estrela, Lajeado e Venâncio Aires, sobre a integração do tablet na disciplina de Matemática. Durante a investigação, o aporte teórico pautou-se na dicotomia existente entre a cultura de massa e as tecnologias; nas mudanças do contexto educacional, advindas da inserção dos recursos computacionais na escola, propostas por Valente (1999); na transformação do mundo, ditada pela informação ocasionada pela tecnologia e internet, unindo todos numa sociedade em rede com problemas, anseios e expectativas comuns explicitados por Moran (2013); nas diversas formas de aliar a tecnologia à aprendizagem Matemática, defendida por Borba (1999, 2010), entre outros. O presente estudo expressa o olhar do aluno acerca das Tecnologias Móveis Digitais, especificamente, o tablet, em relação a possibilidade de sua integração no contexto diário da disciplina. Nesta foi adotada a metodologia qualitativa com abordagem de pesquisa de campo e caráter exploratório, foram utilizados como instrumentos para coleta de dados: questionários, gravações de áudio e vídeo e observação sistemática. Os dados foram analisados à luz da Análise de Conteúdo comentada por Moraes (1999). Os resultados obtidos explicitam um aluno crítico, autônomo e motivado em relação ao tablet no contexto educacional da Matemática, apresentando-se como um ser otimista quanto à relevância dessa tecnologia nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem. Incitam que para usarem a ferramenta de maneira eficiente, é necessário que os professores estejam qualificados e entusiasmados. / This dissertation results from a research which aimed to analyze and interpret the perceptions of Basic Educations students from three schools in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, specifically the cities of Estrela, Lajeado and Venâncio Aires, about the integration of tablet devices in Mathematics. During the investigation, the theoretical framework was based on the dichotomy between mass culture and technology; on the changes in the educational context, arising from the insertion of technological resources in school, proposed by Valente (1999); on the world transformation, dictated by the information brought by technology and internet, uniting all in a networked society, with problems, aspirations and expectations in common, explained by Moran (2013); on the different ways to combine technology to Mathematical learning, defined by Borba (1999, 2010); among others. This study expresses the view of the student about Mobile Digital Technologies, specifically the tablet, regarding the possibility of its integration within the daily course context. In this, a qualitative methodology was adopted, with field research and exploratory approach. Surveys, audio and video recordings and systematic observation were used for data collection. The were analyzed in the light of Content Analyses, commented by Moraes (1999). The obtained results explicit critical, autonomous and motivated students in relation to the tablet on the educational context of Mathematics, presenting themselves as optimistic about the importance of such technology on teaching and learning processes. They incite that to use the tool effectively, teachers must be qualified and enthusiastic.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-11T13:18:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Félix Junqueira Flesch.pdf: 828102 bytes, checksum: 5f9114fcdcd785698dc0da46efbaff23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-11T13:18:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Félix Junqueira Flesch.pdf: 828102 bytes, checksum: 5f9114fcdcd785698dc0da46efbaff23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24 / Nenhuma / A política pública investigada visa à incorporação da tecnologia, através do dispositivo tablet, ao cotidiano do educador, ampliando o olhar para a exploração de suas possibilidades no contexto educacional. A presente pesquisa concentra seu foco no uso dos dispositivos móveis na educação, explorando suas possibilidades e impactos no processo de formação continuada do professor. Consolidada entre agosto e novembro de 2014, através de um questionário online, o estudo contou com a participação voluntária de cinquenta e um professores, participantes do projeto Província de São Pedro, oriundos das escolas estaduais de Ensino Médio de Porto Alegre. Os dados coletados abrangem aspectos sobre a classificação do nível de conhecimento dos docentes perante o uso de tecnologias, a adaptação destes ao dispositivo tablet, a qualidade da formação oferecida pelo programa e as percepções destes docentes no que refere-se à aplicabilidade desta política. Este trabalho não apenas poderá auxiliar na avaliação do emprego da referida política pública, como também poderá contribuir para conhecer a situação atual do uso da tecnologia pelos docentes participantes do projeto e o quão distante se está do padrão almejado. Apesar de as instituições públicas brasileiras ainda não possuírem uma infraestrutura adequada para a integração entre a tecnologia e o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, podemos diagnosticar, através desta análise dos dados e dos diversos relatos apresentados pelos professores participantes, quais são os maiores obstáculos para a inserção da tecnologia com fim pedagógico. Com a discussão focada no agente central desta investigação, o docente, reflete-se sobre seu papel na sociedade atual e na forma que se dará a construção de um novo perfil de docente, pautada no direcionamento de seus conhecimentos tecnológicos, hoje utilizados somente no cotidiano, para a construção do aprendizado. / Public policy aims investigated the incorporation of technology through the tablet device, the educator everyday, expanding look at exploring its possibilities in the educational context. This research concentrates its focus on the use of mobile devices in education exploring its possibilities and impacts of continuing teacher training process. Consolidated between August and November 2014, through an online questionnaire, the study relied on the voluntary participation of fifty-one participating teachers design Province of São Pedro, coming from state high schools in Porto Alegre. The data collected cover aspects on the classification of teachers knowledge level before the use of technologies, adapting these to the tablet device, the quality of training offered by the program and the perceptions of these teachers with regard to the applicability of this policy. This work could not only assist in the evaluation of the use of said public policy, it may also help to know the current status of the use of technology by teachers participating in the project and how far it is the desired standard. Although the Brazilian public institutions still do not have adequate infrastructure for integration between technology and the process of teaching and learning, we can diagnose, through this analysis of the data and the various reports submitted by the participating teachers, what are the biggest obstacles to integration of technology with educational purpose. With the discussion focused on the central agent of this research, teaching, is reflected on its role in today's society and in the form that will give the construction of a new teacher profile, based on the direction of their technological knowledge, today only used in daily life for the construction of learning.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-09-26T14:27:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago da Mota e Silva.pdf: 2540597 bytes, checksum: a905a2384ca64b8c4b8b720f29ea0fbe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T14:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tiago da Mota e Silva.pdf: 2540597 bytes, checksum: a905a2384ca64b8c4b8b720f29ea0fbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation studies the means of appropriation created by children of ages 6 to 7 of their tablet computers in the educational environment, specifically in the space and time of the classrooms of a private school in the city of São Paulo. For that purpose, the research observed the daily routine of the classrooms aiming to ascertain how the insertion of the apparatus modifies the communicational environment in constitution and which are the characteristics, peculiarities and elements of the referred appropriation. As a result, it was noted that the appropriation is rooted in a profound cultural structure, the structure of play. The children and their use of the apparatus create around themselves magic circles (Huizinga) thanks to efforts of imagination, suspension and transmutation. This ludic structure turns the presence of the tablet into an ambiguous play which, at times, tends to dressage the children to the virtual, and, at times, tends to a resistance performed by the children against its effects. The formation of an entomic imagery and a reduction of corporeity are the main risks of this use. In order to come to these results, the research evokes the conception of Media Theory as formulated by Harry Pross, the concept of iconophagy, as formulated by Norval Baitello Jr., concepts of abstraction and of the apparatus as a toy, by Vilém Flusser, and the understanding of virtuality as developed by Dietmar Kamper. Ivan Bystrina, Johan Huizinga and Roger Caillois are also thinkers evoked because of their work on culture, play and games. Analyzing the tablet computer through the ludic bias, the understanding of the toy as guided by Walter Benjamin is fundamental, as well as the understanding of play as a complex mimetic behavior, as the Historic Anthropology argues / O presente trabalho estuda as apropriações de tablets engendradas por crianças do primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, entre os seis e sete anos de idade, no ambiente escolar, mais especificamente no espaço-tempo das salas de aula de uma escola particular de São Paulo. Para tanto, a pesquisa se debruçou em observações do cotidiano das salas com o objetivo de averiguar como a inserção do aparelho altera o ambiente comunicacional ali em constituição e quais são as características peculiares e os elementos fundamentais das apropriações criadas pelas crianças do hardware e dos softwares. Averiguou-se que a apropriação se encontra calcada em raízes profundas da cultura, em especial a raiz lúdica. As crianças e o uso do aparelho formam em torno de si círculos mágicos (Huizinga) graças a esforços de suspensão, imaginação e transmutação envolvidos neste processo. Esta raiz lúdica faz da presença do aparelho em sala um jogo ambíguo, que ora tende ao adestramento ao virtual, e ora tende à resistência contra os seus efeitos. Destacamse como riscos destes usos a formação de um imaginário entômico e uma redução da corporeidade pelas vias dos sentidos (visão, audição e tato). Para chegar a estes resultados, parte-se da concepção de Teoria da Mídia de Harry Pross, tendo o corpo como mídia primária da comunicação, do conceito de iconofagia, de Norval Baitello Jr., dos conceitos de escalada da abstração e do aparelho como brinquedo, conforme desenvolvidos por Vilém Flusser, e do entendimento de virtual proposto por Dietmar Kamper. Recorre-se, também, aos filósofos e pensadores da cultura Ivan Bystrina, Johan Huizinga e Roger Caillois. Analisando o tablet pelo viés do lúdico, evoca-se o entendimento de brinquedo, apresentado por Walter Benjamin, e o entendimento da brincadeira como comportamento mimético complexo, segundo a argumentação da Antropologia Histórica