Evaluating the success or failure of work force training programs is most often accomplished through the reporting of "objective" data. Rarely are the students' views of their own success in such a training program formally solicited or applied in any useful way. But participant perceptions can be a critical barometer of quality and ought to be taken into account in any program which aims for continuous improvement. This research was undertaken to allow people to present their experiences and meanings in ways which can contribute to just such program improvement. The study was guided by the following research questions: 1. How do student participants define success? 2. How did their Skill Center training program meet their definition of success? It was expected that information gathered from the study would provide information that could: (a) provide and clarify student participant perspectives in work force training and employment programs, and (b) help program operators who run this and similar programs make informed decisions based on participants' definitions of success and their perceptions of what successes they experienced from the Skill Center program. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with fifteen graduates self-identified as successful. Grounded theory methodology was followed to develop the findings. Among all informants, the most often cited theme was that of "connecting" with instructors and fellow students. A second component of this central theme was a "cohort" feeling; a perception of warmth, support, and a sense of family that was common to all of the students interviewed. Many students were balancing feelings of anger, frustration, anxiety, and despair, and it was the human connections with the other members of the skill training center that enabled many, if not most, students to persist in training. For all of the interviewees, the affective value of their training was more intrinsic (e.g., helped them build their confidence and self-esteem) than extrinsic (e.g., helped them obtain and retain a job). This contributes to an inherent tension between individuals and agencies, since agency perspectives on success are based almost solely on extrinsic measures. / Graduation date: 1996

Our aim is to gain knowledge of some areas of public services available to unemployed youngpeople in Sweden and to study how these services are implemented in practical social work. It was toview that what services are conducted for unemployed young people, why these services conductedand the outcome. The mainly causes of unemployment, effects on unemployment and needs ofunemployed young people were also examined in this research. A qualitative research method waschosen in this study. Through four semi-structured interviews with social workers and intervieweesfrom Social Services and Swedish Public Employment Office, their experience and own optionsupon the subject were shared. The results of the study are presented in three themes and analysedfrom the perspective of empowerment theory and welfare theory. The main result of our study is thatservices conducted for unemployed young people as the implementation of public policy comprisesmulti-dimensions and social work professions played an important role to help with improvement oftheir situation by meeting their needs and solving the problems they have in various ways during theprocess of intervention. Outcome of the services showed both positive influence and negativelimitations need to be improved in future work.

The Oregon Employment Division (ES) and Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) funded agencies frequently provide employment and training services to the same populations, resulting in increased demands to coordinate the two systems efforts and avoid duplications of service. This study examined coordination between local ES offices and JTPA agencies in eight Oregon communities. A literature survey was utilized to supplement the information acquired from 193 responses to a cooperation and coordination questionnaire which was developed and administered to ES and JTPA staff in the eight communities studied. Frequency distributions were analyzed using a mean statistic at the individual, organization and system level to determine that the two systems were moderately coordinated. / Graduation date: 1991

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2003. / "December 1, 2003"--T.p. Includes bibliographical references.

The research undertaken in this thesis examines social assistance (welfare) receipt in Canada during the 1981-95 period to determine the forces responsible for the dramatic growth in welfare use observed during the 1990s. The influence of changes in welfare benefits, labour market conditions, and the availability of unemployment insurance on welfare use during this period is examined using two distinct, but complementary approaches. The first approach investigates this issue from an aggregate standpoint, using Survey of Consumer Finances micro data to construct welfare usage rates for employable singles without children (male and female) and lone mothers. Separate analyses are performed for each of these sub-groups using aggregate province level data. The second approach attacks the issue from a microeconomic standpoint, employing duration analysis to examine the path leading individuals from employment to welfare receipt. Using the 1988-90 longitudinal file of the Labour Market Activity Survey, semi-parametric duration models are estimated to determine how the job loss, reemployment and welfare take-up processes are affected by incentives in welfare benefits, labour market conditions, availability of unemployment insurance as well as demographic variables. The estimates from the duration analysis are applied to administrative data on inflows of persons into the pool of non-employed to simulate and decompose rates of welfare incidence over the 1984-95 period. Results from these two approaches present a relatively consistent picture of welfare use in Canada during the 1990s. Both approaches find strong evidence of important labour market effects. Thus, the economic downturn of the early 1990s played a significant role in the growth of welfare use during this period, particularly in Ontario and Quebec. The evidence concerning the importance of interactions with the unemployment insurance system and changes in benefit generosity is mixed. Both UI effects and benefit effects are found to be important determinants of welfare use but only among specific types of families. The simulation results indicate these factors can account for only a minor amount of the variation in predicted welfare incidence in the 1990s.

The subject matter of the Master thesis is the potential unemployed, who will loose their source of living after the decommissioning of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, their expectations concerning social guarantees, which are provided for in the policy carried out by the Republic of Lithuania in this particular case. With the view to fulfilling the tasks set in the thesis, literature and other sources on the topic in the Internet, social studies on the decommissioning of the Nuclear Power Plant were analysed, interviews with the employees of the nuclear power plant, who will gradually loose their jobs due to the decommissioning of the power plant, were conducted. The Master thesis consists of three parts. The first part considers the problems encountered by the potential unemployed due to the integration of Lithuania into the European Union, threats posed by the increased competition of labour force and free movement of labour in the European Union area, social consequences of loosing a job and former social status, as well as problems relating to the necessity of re-qualification and taking new personal initiatives in order to cope with the threat of unemployment. The second part reviews the legal acts, following which the potential unemployed can hope for social security after the decommissioning of the Nuclear Power Plant, social studies and readiness of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant region and Visaginas town to meet the future changes in the labour market, and... [to full text]

Pasaulis išgyvena sparčius, visaapimančius ir principinius pokyčius. Mokslo pasiekimai, informacinių technologijų panaudojimas didžiuliu greičiu veržiasi į mūsų gyvenimą, pakeisdami įprastines ir nusistovėjusias normas ir taisykles. Veiklos pasaulis, kaip niekas kitas, išgyvena naujoves ir permainas. Tačiau technologinė revoliucija apima ne tik objektyviąją veiklos pasaulio pusę. Ji yra visų darbuotojų išsilavinimo, kvalifikacijos, nuostatų ir pažiūrų transformacijos priežastis. Jei darbuotojai nespėja keistis, prisitaikyti prie naujų pokyčių, jie iškrenta iš darbo rinkos. Pagal statistikos duomenis iš darbo rinkos iškrenta vidutinio amžiaus suaugusieji. Druskininkų darbo biržos duomenimis, tai sudaro 61 procentą visų užsiregistravusiųjų darbo biržoje. Darbo rinkoje vyrauja įsitikinimas, kad vyresnio amžiaus asmenys prasčiau atlieka savo darbą nei jaunesni. Tačiau mokslininkai teigia visiškai priešingai: darbe nėra reikšmingo skirtumo tarp vyresnio amžiaus ir jaunesnių darbuotojų darbo atlikimo. Kai žmogus neatranda savęs, nepatenkina savo lūkesčių profesinėje srityje arba nesuspėja su pokyčiais, įvyksta stagnacija profesinėje karjeroje. Žmogui, iškritusiam iš darbo rinkos, kartais būna sudėtinga pačiam planuoti savo individualią karjerą, t.y. rūpintis savo profesine karjera, todėl jam turėtų padėti kompetetingos institucijos, kaip pavyzdžiui, Druskininkų darbo birža. Mano manymu, problema ta, kad vidutiniojo amžiaus suaugusieji, darbo biržos klientai, susiduria su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In Lithuania, Personal Career planning is important because of changes in market economy. Personal Career planning is one of main conditions, which makes it possible to solve the problems of unemployment. It is very important factor for unemployed of Druskininkai Employment Agency. In the first chapter it“s discribes the theory of career awareness ( A. G. Watts, D. Super, J. Holland, D. Hall ) and it“s analyzed personal career, which continues all life long, career strategies ( Arthuras M., Claman P., DeFillippi R.), and career conception human developmental theroies. Tthe second chapter it“s describes motyvations theories by A.Maslow, E.Ericson, C.Alderfer, McClelland, F. Herzberg, S.Mill, J.Benthon, W.Edwards, V.Vroom. In this chapter, more details the Personal Development.A lot atention is paid to identity crisis. Evry person, even the strongest character, may have periods in his life when he needs help, when he cannot manage on this own. Periods of crisis are part of our life. In oder to overcome difficulties one has to make decisions, solve problems, ascertain himself. ( It is one of our privilege to apply to other people for help). The second chapter also describes the work of Druskinkų Employment Agency. The third chapter described the reseach, which was made in Druskininaki Employment Agency. Main purpose of the research are: 1.To ascertain the the unemployed standpoint to Personal Career. 2. To emphasize the importance of career. 3. To emphasize the problems... [to full text]

Šalies politinio, ekonominio, socialinio gyvenimo pokyčiai šiandien kaip niekad yra spartūs ir keičiantys kiekvieno piliečio gyvenimą. Pagrindiniais informacines visuomenės ištekliais tampa žmonių žinios bei gebėjimai. Dabartiniame amžiuje išsilavinimas ir kvalifikacija yra vieni svarbiausių įsidarbinimo garantų. Spartaus mokslo ir komunikacijos progreso, informacijos sklaidos ir švietimo reformų, visuomeninio gyvenimo bei politinių-ekonominių pasikeitimų sąlygomis naujų žinių ir įgūdžių įgijimas tampa savaiminiu ir nepertraukiamu poreikiu. Jau pagrindinėje mokykloje jaunas žmogus susiduria su profesinio rinkimosi ketinimais ir galimybių juos realizuoti paieškomis. Tuo metu tampa aktuali šeimos, mokyklos draugų, mokytojų, socialinių pedagogų, profesijos patarėjų, psichologų įtaka bei parama. Patarimai ir žinios, kaip teisingai pasirinkti tolimesnį profesinį, mokymosi kelią, jaunam žmogui yra būtini ir labai naudingi. Nuo racionalaus profesinės veiklos pasirinkimo priklauso „tiek žmonių asmeninės, tiek visuomeninės gerovės augimas“ (Petrauskaitė, 1996). Tai atskleidžia profesinio pasirinkimo problemiškumą ir su tuo susijusio profesinio konsultavimo svarbą nuolat kintančiame veiklos pasaulyje. Reikšmingi yra valstybiniai dokumentai, reglamentuojantys profesinį informavimą, orientavimą ir konsultavimą: Profesinio rengimo Baltoji knyga (1999), Lietuvos Respublikos profesinio rengimo įstatymas (1997), Mokymosi visą gyvenimą memorandumas (2001), Lietuvos Respublikos Švietimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Today's labor market is becoming more demanding requirements in the workforce. One of the most important requirements - vocational training, job skills, the ability to master new skill competencies. As a result, many people, especially young couples, faced with serious employment problems. Changes in the economic - political life, information technology development, scientific and technological innovation, reform of the education system today, for the people, especially young people, offer many new opportunities for professional development. Professional information and counseling, vocational training, job skills promotion is one of the key measures to help unemployed young people to plan their career, increase their employment opportunities. The object of the research – activity of the labor market exchange in planning professional career of young unemployed. The purpose of the research is – to identify possibilities to improve services of planning of professional career (provided by labor exchange) for young unemployed. The following tasks were formulated in order to achieve the purpose: 1. To identify the role of planning of professional career (provided by labor exchange) for young unemployed in the context of lifelong learning. 2. To identify the role of labor exchange in planning of professional career (provided by labor exchange) for young unemployed. 3. To describe specific activities of labor exchange in planning professional career (provided by... [to full text]

Pastaraisiais metais itin pasikeitusi darbo rinka nulėmė ir Lietuvos darbo biržos veiklos prioritetus. Daugelio institucijų bendro darbo dėka šalyje didėja gyventojų užimtumas ir mažėja nedarbas, tačiau atsirado ir nauja darbo rinkos problema,- kvalifikuotos darbo jėgos trūkumas, su kuriuo vis dažniau susiduria mūsų šalies darbdaviai. Darbo birža padeda įtraukti daugiau bedarbių į aktyvias darbo rinkos politikos priemones, įgyti aukštą profesinę kvalifikaciją ir stiprina jų galimybę įsitvirtinti darbo rinkoje. Kaimo gyventojai nėra pasirengę konkuruoti ir įsitvirtinti darbo rinkoje, neturi profesinio pasirengimo, nedirbo ilgiau negu dvejus metus arba ieško pirmo darbo. Didžiausias dėmesys, įgyvendinant užimtumo programas –bus skiriamas darbui su darbdaviais. Tikslinių vizitų pas darbdavius dėka bus aiškinama darbo biržos teikiamų paslaugų nauda, taip pat bus stengiamasi išsiaiškinti kokių paslaugų pageidauja įmonių vadovai. Viena svarbiausių makroekonomikos problemų yra nedarbas. Nedarbas, mažindamas pajamas, keisdamas žmogaus nuostatas, didindamas psichologinę įtampą ir nepasitikėjimą ateitimi, daugeliui žmonių apsunkina kasdienį gyvenimą, mažina jų socialinį ir ekonominį aktyvumą. Todėl nedarbo problema yra politinių ir ekonominių diskusijų objektas. Aukštas nedarbo lygis – viena didžiausių ekonominių ir socialinių XXI amžiaus pradžios problemų ne tik Lietuvoje, bet beveik visose Europos ir pasaulio šalyse. Lietuvoje nedarbo problema, ypač kaimiškuose regionuose, kasmet... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this paper, ”Motivation and Restriction of Rural Unemployed Placement”, is to establish the factors motivated and restricted placement of rural unemployed. This subject is not researched enough and as a result devices for solving of this problem are not effective. In this way, there was discussed the problem of unemployment and there were analysed appropriate laws of the Republic of Lithuania and the main documents of the European Union. Besides, there were sifted the methods of unemployment reducing and offering service for unemployed. Moreover, the jobcentre of Švenčionys has made some research in order to clarify motivation of unemployed. After having discussed and practiced in the current research, the following conclusions could be drawn: 1. Research of qualities of rural unemployed placement. 2. Features stimulated placement of rural unemployed. 3. Features restricted placement of rural unemployed. In this case, jobcentres could seek for new and effective implements for rural unemployed incorporating. Integrated programmes could be formulated as well as a professional briefing and consultation could be joined to self-knowledge and in-service training.

Pastaruoju metu Lietuvos darbo rinka susiduria su rimtais iššūkiais. Nuo praėjusio dešimtmečio pradžios Lietuvos demografinė raida kinta iš esmės. Visų demografinių procesų (gimstamumo, šeimos formavimo, mirtingumo, migracijos) pokyčiai neigiami. Demografinė jų pasekmė – spartus gyventojų senėjimas, kuris keičia santykį tarp visuomenės kuriančiosios ir vartojančiosios dalies, reiškiasi naujais iššūkiais šalies biudžetui, socialinei sferai, paslaugų plėtrai. Demografiniai veiksniai keičiantys populiacijos ypatumus skatina domėtis pagyvenusio žmogaus gyvenimu. Šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje ūkio plėtra ir žmonių gerovė pirmiausia priklauso nuo žmogiškųjų išteklių apimties bei kokybės. Todėl visų darbingo amžiaus gyventojų įtraukimas į darbo rinką ir pagalba įsitvirtinant šioje rinkoje yra svarbi šalies ekonominės bei socialinės gerovės augimo sąlyga. Tyrimo tikslas - Atskleisti pagyvenusio amžiaus žmonių karjeros galimybes. Tyrimo objektas - Pagyvenusio amžiaus žmonių karjera. Siekiant tikslo iškeltos šios užduotys: • Analizuoti demografinius veiksnius senstančioje visuomenėje. • Analizuoti Europos ir Nacionalinę politiką pagyvenusių žmonių atžvilgiu. • Charakterizuoti pagyvenusio amžiaus žmonių senėjimo procesus ir užimamą vietą darbo rinkoje. • Nustatyti darbdavių požiūrį į pagyvenusio amžiaus žmonių karjeros galimybes. • Nustatyti bedarbių požiūrį į pagyvenusio amžiaus žmonių karjeros galimybes. • Atskleisti skirtumus tarp darbdavių ir bedarbių požiūrių į pagyvenusio amžiaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Lately the labour market in Lithuania is encountering serious challenges. Since the beginning of the decade Lithuania’s demographic process has been changing to the very essence. All the changes in demographic processes (birth, family planning, death, migration) are negative. Their demographic consequence – rapid ageing, which changes the relation between societies productive and consuming parts, new challenges appear in the countries budget, social sphere and service development. Demographic factors that change the singularity of the population motivate the rise of interest in the lives of the elderly. In this contemporary society the development of the economy and the well being of the people primarily depends on the human resources and their quality. For that reason it is really important for the country’s social and economic development for people to establish themselves strongly in the labour market while they are still of an employable age. The purpose of this research – To reveal career possibilities for elderly people. The object of research - The careers of the elderly. To achieve this purpose these tasks were performed: • analyse the demographic factors in the ageing society. • analyse European and National politics towards the elderly. • characterise the processes of the ageing of elderly people and their position in the labour market. • determine the employers view towards the career of elderly people. • determine the view of unemployed people towards the careers... [to full text]