Sammanfattning Det här är en kvalitativ studie i syfte att undersöka hur vetenskapliga teorier synliggörs i lärarstudenters reflektioner över sin undervisning i ämnet svenska på lågstadiet. Materialet är insamlat i samband med lärarstudenters verksamhetsförlagda utbildning och består av intervjuer, observationer av undervisning och texter i form av pedagogiska planeringar. Resultatet visar att lärarkandidaters reflektioner håller en låg nivå när det gäller skoldidaktisk reflektion och att grunda sina resonemang i teorier om lärande och i professionella ämneskunskaper i svenska, även om deras undervisning håller god kvalitet.                       Sammantaget är min slutsats att olika metoder eller förklaringsmodeller som används inom forskning skulle kunna synliggöras i större utsträckning inom ramen för svenskkurser i lärarutbildningen. De kan dessutom användas som redskap för dokumentation av elevers kunskaper samt studenters egna skoldidaktiska reflektioner men även för det systematiska arbetet med att dokumentera elevers lärande som en förutsättning och utgångspunkt för planering av kommande undervisning, det vill säga formativ undervisning. Det skulle kunna vara ett sätt att överbrygga teori-praktikproblemet i lärarutbildningen såväl som att höja nivån av hur studenter relaterar till vetenskapliga modeller som stöd för skoldidaktisk reflektion. / Title: “At least I thought the pupils were good”: Theorisation in education students’ didactic reflections on teaching Swedish   This qualitative study aimed to investigate the role of theory in education students’ reflections on their teaching of Swedish in lower primary school. The material was collected in connection with the students’ practical placements and comprises of interviews and observations. Although these prospective teachers performed well in the classroom, the study shows that the students’ didactic reflections were generally below par and inadequately founded in theories of learning or Swedish subject knowledge.        The overall conclusion is that different methods or models used in research can be highlighted to a greater extent in the Swedish subject courses on the primary education program. Students may not only use such theoretical tools to document pupils’ knowledge and formulate their own didactic reflections, but these tools could also prove useful in formative teaching, that is, in systematically documenting pupils’ learning in order to plan future teaching. This could therefore be a way to bridge the theory-practice gap in teacher training as well as improve education students’ use of theoretical models in their didactic reflections.

Since 1994, the South African education system has undergone a number of paradigm shifts culminating in the implementation of the policy of Inclusive Education as highlighted in Education White Paper 6: Building an Inclusive Education and Training System. The purpose of this research was to explore how foundation phase learners who experience severe intellectual barriers to learning are provided with high levels of support at special schools in the Pietermaritzburg district. A case study design was embarked upon as this allowed for an in-depth exploration of the above research question. Three special schools in the Pietermaritzburg district that cater for learners who experience severe intellectual barriers to learning were chosen for this investigation. Quantitative and qualitative research methods, consisting of questionnaires, interviews and observation were utilised. The findings reveal that educators at these schools do provide high levels of support to foundation phase learners who experience severe intellectual barriers to learning. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Sammanfattning Det här är en kvalitativ studie i syfte att undersöka hur vetenskapliga teorier synliggörs i lärarstudenters reflektioner över sin undervisning i ämnet svenska på lågstadiet. Materialet är insamlat i samband med lärarstudenters verksamhetsförlagda utbildning och består av intervjuer, observationer av undervisning och texter i form av pedagogiska planeringar. Resultatet visar att lärarkandidaters reflektioner håller en låg nivå när det gäller skoldidaktisk reflektion och att grunda sina resonemang i teorier om lärande och i professionella ämneskunskaper i svenska, även om deras undervisning håller god kvalitet.                       Sammantaget är min slutsats att olika metoder eller förklaringsmodeller som används inom forskning skulle kunna synliggöras i större utsträckning inom ramen för svenskkurser i lärarutbildningen. De kan dessutom användas som redskap för dokumentation av elevers kunskaper samt studenters egna skoldidaktiska reflektioner men även för det systematiska arbetet med att dokumentera elevers lärande som en förutsättning och utgångspunkt för planering av kommande undervisning, det vill säga formativ undervisning. Det skulle kunna vara ett sätt att överbrygga teori-praktikproblemet i lärarutbildningen såväl som att höja nivån av hur studenter relaterar till vetenskapliga modeller som stöd för skoldidaktisk reflektion. / Title: “At least I thought the pupils were good”: Theorisation in education students’ didactic reflections on teaching Swedish   This qualitative study aimed to investigate the role of theory in education students’ reflections on their teaching of Swedish in lower primary school. The material was collected in connection with the students’ practical placements and comprises of interviews and observations. Although these prospective teachers performed well in the classroom, the study shows that the students’ didactic reflections were generally below par and inadequately founded in theories of learning or Swedish subject knowledge.        The overall conclusion is that different methods or models used in research can be highlighted to a greater extent in the Swedish subject courses on the primary education program. Students may not only use such theoretical tools to document pupils’ knowledge and formulate their own didactic reflections, but these tools could also prove useful in formative teaching, that is, in systematically documenting pupils’ learning in order to plan future teaching. This could therefore be a way to bridge the theory-practice gap in teacher training as well as improve education students’ use of theoretical models in their didactic reflections.

Les personnes atteintes de troubles concomitants (TC) de santé mentale et d’usage de substances présentent des besoins biopsychosociaux particuliers et complexes, qui peuvent rendre leurs prises en charge plus ardue pour les professionnels de la santé. Au Canada comme dans d’autres pays, les infirmières et les infirmiers sont fréquemment appelés à intervenir auprès de personnes atteintes de TC par le biais d’une approche intégrée des soins centrés sur leurs besoins particuliers. Toutefois, les études soulignent des difficultés et barrières inhérentes à la complexité de cette prise en charge par les infirmières, comme le sentiment de fardeau ou d’échec professionnel, les attitudes défavorables ou l’inconfort à l’égard de ces personnes et le manque de connaissances ou d’habiletés quant à certaines approches psychothérapeutiques essentielles. Qui plus est, rares sont les occasions de formation continue portant spécifiquement sur les TC pour soutenir et mieux outiller les infirmières dans le développement de leurs compétences. Cette thèse par articles présente les résultats d’une étude visant à comprendre dans quelle mesure et de quelles manières un programme de formation continue virtuel portant sur les TC a contribué au développement des compétences des infirmières. Le programme de formation continue virtuel sur les TC développé et mis en place en 2018 au Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM) en s’appuyant sur le modèle Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (©ECHO), s’adresse à l’ensemble des professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux du Québec. Celui-ci constitue un modèle de formation continue visant à soutenir le développement des compétences de ces professionnels dans la prise en charge de conditions de santé chroniques et complexes. Le modèle ECHO repose sur trois théories sociales de l’apprentissage, incluant la Théorie sociale cognitive, la Théorie des communautés de pratique et la Théorie de l’apprentissage situé. Le programme ECHO sur les TC comprend des séances éducatives virtuelles offertes en continu, d’une durée de 90 minutes à chaque deux semaines, guidées par une équipe interprofessionnelle d’experts dans le domaine des TC. La participation au programme s’effectue par l’entremise de visioconférences simultanées, au cours desquelles les professionnels inscrits au programme sont invités à présenter une situation clinique vécue, laquelle faisant ensuite l’objet d’une riche discussion entre pairs et d’une rétroaction personnalisée par l’équipe d’experts. Des capsules didactiques portant sur les pratiques exemplaires dans le domaine des TC sont également présentées aux participants, en fonction de leurs besoins d’apprentissage. Un devis mixte convergent a été utiliser pour collecter et analyser les données QUANtitatives et QUALitatives issues d’une population potentielle de 65 infirmières ayant participé au programme de formation ECHO sur les TC pour les vagues de formation 2018-2019 et 2019-2020. Dans le volet QUAN, une étude de cohorte prospective observationnelle a été mené pour mesurer l’évolution des infirmières à six mois (T1) et 12 mois (T2) suivant leur entrée au programme (T0) quant à leur: 1) sentiment d’auto-efficacité; 2) participation; 3) satisfaction et acceptabilité; 4) connaissances; 5) attitude; et 6) perception de la performance clinique. Dans le volet QUAL, une étude descriptive interprétative a été réalisée auprès de 10 infirmières ayant participé au programme ECHO, afin d’explorer leur expérience et perceptions à l’égard du développement et de la mise en pratique de leurs compétences, ainsi que des facteurs ayant influencé ce processus. Enfin, l’emploi d’une stratégie de comparaison des résultats QUAN et QUAL a facilité leur intégration, permettant ainsi de mettre en évidence leurs similitudes, différences ou éléments de complémentarité. Les analyses de variance effectuées dans le volet QUAN de l’étude ont indiqué une amélioration significative quant au niveau de connaissances sur les TC (pT1–T0 = 0,0045; pT2–T0 = 0,0014) et au score d’attitude à l’égard des TC (pT1–T0 = 0,0472 ; pT2–T0 = 0,0139) des infirmières (n = 28) à T1 et T2. En contrepartie, seules les infirmières (n = 16/28) ayant participé à au moins 25 % des 20 séances virtuelles offertes au cours d’un curriculum de formation ont montré une augmentation significative de leur sentiment d’auto-efficacité à T2 (pT2–T0 = 0,0213). En complémentarité, l’analyse thématique réalisée dans le volet QUAL de l’étude a mis en lumière qu’au cours de leur participation, les infirmières ont davantage développé huit éléments de compétences propres à la pratique auprès de personnes atteintes de TC, et que plusieurs facteurs d’ordre personnel, interpersonnel, contextuel et organisationnel avaient facilité ou contraint ce processus. Enfin, les constats mixtes de l’étude, illustrés par six thèmes, font état de six conditions clés pour favoriser le développement des compétences et leur mise en œuvre dans la pratique: 1) des expériences de mise en pratique et de validation; 2) des relations de réciprocité et de confiance en contexte de formation interprofessionnelle; 3) un partage d’expériences similaires entre pairs et des activités de mentorat; 4) une collaboration avec des experts; 5) une attitude positive solidifiée à l’égard de l’exercice de son rôle professionnel en situation de complexité et d’adversité; et 6) des expériences d’apprentissage d’équipe, adaptées aux particularités des milieux et en partenariat avec les organisations. Cette étude a permis de mieux comprendre comment un programme de formation continue virtuel sur les TC reposant sur le modèle ECHO a contribué au développement des compétences des infirmières. Les résultats suggèrent que dans certaines conditions, le programme de formation ECHO sur les TC peut favorablement contribuer au développement des compétences des infirmières et au renouvellement de leur pratique. Des recommandations sont formulées à l’effet d’orienter la recherche vers l’évaluation des effets du modèle ECHO sur le changement des pratiques et la santé des personnes atteintes; et d’explorer des avenues de recherche visant la conjugaison de stratégies auprès des professionnels et sur le plan de l’intervention, du contexte et des organisations, pour favoriser la mise en œuvre effective des pratiques exemplaires. / People with concurrent disorders (CD) in mental health and substance use have specific and complex biopsychosocial needs, which can make their care more challenging for healthcare professionals. In Canada, as in other countries, nurses are frequently called upon to intervene with people with CD through an integrated approach to care that focuses on their specific needs. However, studies point to difficulties and barriers for nurses caused by the complexity of this care. These include feelings of being burdened or of professional failure, judgmental attitudes about or discomfort with these individuals, and lack of knowledge or skills in certain essential psychotherapeutic approaches. Moreover, there are few continuing education opportunities specifically focused on CD to support nurses and give them the tools they need to develop their skills. This article-based thesis presents the results of a study carried out to understand how, and to what extent, a virtual continuing education program on CD contributed to nurses’ competency development. The virtual continuing education program for CD was developed and implemented in 2018 at the Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), based on the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (©ECHO) model. It is intended for all health and social services professionals in Quebec. ECHO is a model of continuing education designed to support the competency development of these professionals in the management of chronic and complex health conditions. The ECHO model is based on three social theories of learning, including the Social Cognitive Theory, the Communities of Practice Theory, and the Situated Learning Theory. The ECHO program for CD consists of 90 minute virtual educational sessions, offered bi-weekly on an ongoing basis. The sessions are guided by an interprofessional team of experts in the field of CD. Participation in the program takes place through videoconferences, during which professionals enrolled in the program are invited to present a real-life clinical situation, which is then the subject of a rich peer discussion and personalized feedback from the team of experts. Short didactic presentations on best practices in the field of CD are also presented to participants, based on their learning needs. A convergent mixed-methods design was used to collect and analyze QUANtitative and QUALitative data from a potential population of 65 nurses who participated in the ECHO CD program during its first two cycle (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). In the QUAN component, a prospective observational cohort study was conducted to measure nurses’ evolution at six months (T1) and 12 months (T2) following their entry into the program (T0) with respect to their: 1) self-efficacy; 2) participation; 3) satisfaction and acceptability; 4) knowledge; 5) attitude; and 6) perceived clinical performance. In the QUAL component, an interpretive descriptive study was conducted with 10 nurses who had participated in the ECHO program. The study explored their experiences and perceptions regarding the development of their competency and their clinical practice, as well as factors that influenced this process. Finally, a strategy of comparing QUAN and QUAL results facilitated their integration and thus highlighted their similarities, differences, or complementary elements. Longitudinal analyses of variance performed in the QUAN component of the study indicated a significant increase in the level of knowledge about CD (pT1–T0 = 0.0045; pT2–T0 = 0.0014) and in the attitude score toward CD (pT1–T0 = 0.0472; pT2–T0 = 0.139) of nurses (n= 28) at T1 and T2. In contrast, only nurses (n = 16/28) who participated in at least 25% of the 20 virtual sessions offered during a program cycle showed a significant increase in their self-efficacy score at T2 (pT2–T0 = 0.0213). In addition, the thematic analysis conducted in the QUAL component of the study revealed that, during their period of participation, nurses further developed eight competency elements specific to practice with people with CD, and that several personal, interpersonal, contextual, and organizational factors either facilitated or constrained this process. Finally, the study’s mixed-methods findings, illustrated by six themes, point to six key conditions that foster the development of nurses’ competencies and their implementation in clinical practice: 1) Opportunities for practice and validation; 2) Reciprocal and trusting relationships in an interprofessional learning environment; 3) Peer-to-peer sharing of similar experiences and mentoring activities; 4) Collaboration with experts; 5) Reinforcement of positive attitudes about performing professional role in complex and adverse situations; and 6) Learning experiences that are team-based, tailored to the setting specifics and receive organizational support. This study provides a better understanding of how a virtual continuing education program for CD, based on the ECHO model, contributed to nurses’ competency development. The results suggest that under certain conditions, the ECHO program for CD can contribute positively to the development of nurses’ competencies and the renewal of their clinical practice. Recommendations are made in two areas: first, to direct research toward evaluating the impact of the ECHO model on practice change and health outcomes; and, second, to explore research avenues for combining strategies among professionals and with regard to intervention, context and organizations, to support effective implementation of best practices.

Muslims have the starring role in the mass media’s curriculum on otherness, which circulates in-between local and global contexts to powerfully constitute subjectivities. This study inquires into what it is like to be a female, Muslim student in Ontario, in this post 9/11 discursive context. Seven young Muslim women share stories of their high schooling experiences and their sense of identity in interviews and focus group sessions. They also respond to images of Muslim females in the print media, offering perspectives on the intersections of visual media discourses with their lived experience. This interdisciplinary project draws from cultural studies, postcolonial feminist theory, and post-reconceptualist curriculum theorizing. Working with auto/ethno/graphy, my own subjectivity is also brought into the study to trouble researcher-as-knower and acknowledge that personal histories are implicated in larger social, cultural, and historical processes. Using bricolage, I compose a hybrid text with multiple layers of meaning by juxtapositing theory, image, and narrative, leaving spaces for the reader’s own biography to become entangled with what is emerging in the text. Issues raised include veiling obsession, Islamophobia, absences in the school curriculum, and mass media as curriculum. Muslim females navigate a complex discursive terrain and their identity negotiations are varied. These include creating Muslim spaces in their schools, wearing hijab to assert their Muslim identity, and downplaying their religious identity at school. I argue for the need to engage students and teacher candidates in complicated conversations on difference via auto/ethno/graphy, pedagogies of tension, and epistemologies of doubt. Educators and researchers might also consider the possibilities of linking visual media literacy with social justice issues.

Muslims have the starring role in the mass media’s curriculum on otherness, which circulates in-between local and global contexts to powerfully constitute subjectivities. This study inquires into what it is like to be a female, Muslim student in Ontario, in this post 9/11 discursive context. Seven young Muslim women share stories of their high schooling experiences and their sense of identity in interviews and focus group sessions. They also respond to images of Muslim females in the print media, offering perspectives on the intersections of visual media discourses with their lived experience. This interdisciplinary project draws from cultural studies, postcolonial feminist theory, and post-reconceptualist curriculum theorizing. Working with auto/ethno/graphy, my own subjectivity is also brought into the study to trouble researcher-as-knower and acknowledge that personal histories are implicated in larger social, cultural, and historical processes. Using bricolage, I compose a hybrid text with multiple layers of meaning by juxtapositing theory, image, and narrative, leaving spaces for the reader’s own biography to become entangled with what is emerging in the text. Issues raised include veiling obsession, Islamophobia, absences in the school curriculum, and mass media as curriculum. Muslim females navigate a complex discursive terrain and their identity negotiations are varied. These include creating Muslim spaces in their schools, wearing hijab to assert their Muslim identity, and downplaying their religious identity at school. I argue for the need to engage students and teacher candidates in complicated conversations on difference via auto/ethno/graphy, pedagogies of tension, and epistemologies of doubt. Educators and researchers might also consider the possibilities of linking visual media literacy with social justice issues.

Muslims have the starring role in the mass media’s curriculum on otherness, which circulates in-between local and global contexts to powerfully constitute subjectivities. This study inquires into what it is like to be a female, Muslim student in Ontario, in this post 9/11 discursive context. Seven young Muslim women share stories of their high schooling experiences and their sense of identity in interviews and focus group sessions. They also respond to images of Muslim females in the print media, offering perspectives on the intersections of visual media discourses with their lived experience. This interdisciplinary project draws from cultural studies, postcolonial feminist theory, and post-reconceptualist curriculum theorizing. Working with auto/ethno/graphy, my own subjectivity is also brought into the study to trouble researcher-as-knower and acknowledge that personal histories are implicated in larger social, cultural, and historical processes. Using bricolage, I compose a hybrid text with multiple layers of meaning by juxtapositing theory, image, and narrative, leaving spaces for the reader’s own biography to become entangled with what is emerging in the text. Issues raised include veiling obsession, Islamophobia, absences in the school curriculum, and mass media as curriculum. Muslim females navigate a complex discursive terrain and their identity negotiations are varied. These include creating Muslim spaces in their schools, wearing hijab to assert their Muslim identity, and downplaying their religious identity at school. I argue for the need to engage students and teacher candidates in complicated conversations on difference via auto/ethno/graphy, pedagogies of tension, and epistemologies of doubt. Educators and researchers might also consider the possibilities of linking visual media literacy with social justice issues.

Muslims have the starring role in the mass media’s curriculum on otherness, which circulates in-between local and global contexts to powerfully constitute subjectivities. This study inquires into what it is like to be a female, Muslim student in Ontario, in this post 9/11 discursive context. Seven young Muslim women share stories of their high schooling experiences and their sense of identity in interviews and focus group sessions. They also respond to images of Muslim females in the print media, offering perspectives on the intersections of visual media discourses with their lived experience. This interdisciplinary project draws from cultural studies, postcolonial feminist theory, and post-reconceptualist curriculum theorizing. Working with auto/ethno/graphy, my own subjectivity is also brought into the study to trouble researcher-as-knower and acknowledge that personal histories are implicated in larger social, cultural, and historical processes. Using bricolage, I compose a hybrid text with multiple layers of meaning by juxtapositing theory, image, and narrative, leaving spaces for the reader’s own biography to become entangled with what is emerging in the text. Issues raised include veiling obsession, Islamophobia, absences in the school curriculum, and mass media as curriculum. Muslim females navigate a complex discursive terrain and their identity negotiations are varied. These include creating Muslim spaces in their schools, wearing hijab to assert their Muslim identity, and downplaying their religious identity at school. I argue for the need to engage students and teacher candidates in complicated conversations on difference via auto/ethno/graphy, pedagogies of tension, and epistemologies of doubt. Educators and researchers might also consider the possibilities of linking visual media literacy with social justice issues.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / In die studie is daar gepoog om aan te toon waarom die ondervindingsmod~l vir taalleer die aangewese model vir effektiewe tweedetaalleer is. Die kommunikatiewe onderrigbenaderingswyse, onderhandeling in die klaskamer en die belangrikheid van die prosessillabus in tweedetaalverwerwing is bespreek. Die taalonderwyser se rot as fasiliteerder van leer in kommunikatiewe FAfrikaanstaalonderrig in die interaktiewe klaskamer met klem op leerdergesentreerde onderrig is uiteengesit. Daar is verder aangetoon dat daar ten opsigte van die rot van die onderwyser 'n paradigmatiese verskuiwing moet plaasvind, veral noudat beginsels van uitkomsgebaseerde onderrig wat deel van kurrikulum 2005 vorm, in 1998/1999 in aile Suid-Afrikaanse skole ingestel is. Die onderwyser is nou 'n fasiliteerder van kennis, nie 'n oordraer daarvan nie. Belangrike aspekte van leer wat leerders se tweedetaalleer be'invloed, is bespreek, byvoorbeeld klaskamerkommunikasie, fasilitering, suggestopedia, faktore wat begrip van leerstof be'invloed, onderwyser - en leerdergedragswyses, positiewe /eeratmosfeer, behandeling van leerderfoute, Jeerderpersepsies, kommunikatiewe strategiee en evalueringsmetodes. 'n Verskeidenheid taallesse wat op T2-Afrikaans en die T2-taalklaskamer betrekking het, en wat verskillende onderrigteoriee, uitkomsgebaseerde onderrig en die ses taalvaardighede integreer, word in hoofstuk 5 ge'illustreer. / In this study it is shown why the discovery model of language learning is the appropriate model for effective language learning. The communicative teaching approach, classroom-negotiation and the importance of the process syllabus in second language acquisition is discussed. The language teacher's role as facilitator of learning, in communicative L2 - Afrikaans language teaching in the interactive classroom with a learner-centered focus is explained. It is further shown that the role of the teacher must undergo a paradigm shift especially now that principles of outcomes based education which forms part of curriculum 2005 has been introduced into all schools in South Africa in 1998/1999. The teacher is now a facilitator of knowledge and not a transmitter thereof. Important aspects of learning that influence learners' second language learning are discussed, for example classroom communication, facilitation, suggestopedia, factors that influence the understanding of subject matter, teacher and learner behaviours, positive learning atmosphere, treatment of Ieamer errors, learner perceptions, communicative strategies and methods of evaluation. A variety of language lessons which integrate various teaching theories, outcomes based education and the six language learning skills which are related to L 2-Afrikaans and the L 2-classroom are illustrated in Chapter 5. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / In die studie is daar gepoog om aan te toon waarom die ondervindingsmod~l vir taalleer die aangewese model vir effektiewe tweedetaalleer is. Die kommunikatiewe onderrigbenaderingswyse, onderhandeling in die klaskamer en die belangrikheid van die prosessillabus in tweedetaalverwerwing is bespreek. Die taalonderwyser se rot as fasiliteerder van leer in kommunikatiewe FAfrikaanstaalonderrig in die interaktiewe klaskamer met klem op leerdergesentreerde onderrig is uiteengesit. Daar is verder aangetoon dat daar ten opsigte van die rot van die onderwyser 'n paradigmatiese verskuiwing moet plaasvind, veral noudat beginsels van uitkomsgebaseerde onderrig wat deel van kurrikulum 2005 vorm, in 1998/1999 in aile Suid-Afrikaanse skole ingestel is. Die onderwyser is nou 'n fasiliteerder van kennis, nie 'n oordraer daarvan nie. Belangrike aspekte van leer wat leerders se tweedetaalleer be'invloed, is bespreek, byvoorbeeld klaskamerkommunikasie, fasilitering, suggestopedia, faktore wat begrip van leerstof be'invloed, onderwyser - en leerdergedragswyses, positiewe /eeratmosfeer, behandeling van leerderfoute, Jeerderpersepsies, kommunikatiewe strategiee en evalueringsmetodes. 'n Verskeidenheid taallesse wat op T2-Afrikaans en die T2-taalklaskamer betrekking het, en wat verskillende onderrigteoriee, uitkomsgebaseerde onderrig en die ses taalvaardighede integreer, word in hoofstuk 5 ge'illustreer. / In this study it is shown why the discovery model of language learning is the appropriate model for effective language learning. The communicative teaching approach, classroom-negotiation and the importance of the process syllabus in second language acquisition is discussed. The language teacher's role as facilitator of learning, in communicative L2 - Afrikaans language teaching in the interactive classroom with a learner-centered focus is explained. It is further shown that the role of the teacher must undergo a paradigm shift especially now that principles of outcomes based education which forms part of curriculum 2005 has been introduced into all schools in South Africa in 1998/1999. The teacher is now a facilitator of knowledge and not a transmitter thereof. Important aspects of learning that influence learners' second language learning are discussed, for example classroom communication, facilitation, suggestopedia, factors that influence the understanding of subject matter, teacher and learner behaviours, positive learning atmosphere, treatment of Ieamer errors, learner perceptions, communicative strategies and methods of evaluation. A variety of language lessons which integrate various teaching theories, outcomes based education and the six language learning skills which are related to L 2-Afrikaans and the L 2-classroom are illustrated in Chapter 5. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)