Debarment action in execution proceedings The thesis targets the interpretation of debarment actions in execution proceedings. Generally the thesis provides a definition of debarment actions as a legal institution for the protection of third party rights and of debarment action execution proceedings. On the other hand the thesis is very particular in terms of the specifics of individual forms of debarment actions. The interpretation does presented also refers to current jurisprudence as applied by Czech courts as regards debarment actions, as well as in further related cases. The legal interpretation points out to the possibility of future amendments to certain legal provisions. The first Chapter of the thesis defines fundamental legal terms and institutions, which create a broader base for debarment action interpretations. The thesis focuses on the definition of notions of execution, the status of bailiffs, execution proceedings and the parties thereto as well as the sources of law including the definition of the inter relationship between Civil Procedure Code and Execution Procedure, which are cardinal for the main subject of the thesis. The interpretation contained in Chapter two aims at general description of debarment actions, their subjects and status within incidence disputes and it also...

L’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, dans l’accomplissement de ses fonctions de tiers, joue un rôle de facilitateur neutre et impartial. Elle accomplit différents rôles dans le processus de résolution des conflits en Afrique francophone. Elle utilise plusieurs moyens officiels et/ou officieux par lesquels elle contribue au règlement pacifique des différends dans ses pays membres. Depuis la Déclaration de Bamako, elle s’est fixé comme priorité politique de garantir la paix et stabilité en son sein, donc d’y allier Francophonie et démocratie et sa méthode peut se résumer en trois mots : médiation, accompagnement des transitions et appui aux opérations de maintien de la paix. La Francophonie ne privilégie pas, en effet, dans la résolution des conflits en Afrique, des relations concurrentielles entre les différents niveaux d’intervention possibles, mais plutôt la coopération en vue d’une solution rapide, efficace et efficiente du conflit. La Francophonie a su se montrer efficace sur le terrain, mieux, souvent bien que d’autres organisations, comme un tiers véritablement indépendant, neutre et impartial. / The International Organization of Francophonie, in the performance of its functions to third parties, acts as a neutral and impartial facilitator. It performs different roles in the process of conflict resolution en Africa. It uses several means official and/or unofficial by which it contributes to the peaceful settlement of disputes among its member countries. Since the Bamako declaration, it is a priority policy to ensure peace and stability within it, therefore to combine democracy and Francophonie and the method can be summarized in three words: mediation, coaching and support transitions and operations peacemaking. It is not, indeed, of the Francophonie, preference in the resolution of conflicts in Africa, the competitive relationship between the levels of intervention possible, but rather to cooperate in a timely, effective and efficient conflict. The International organization of Francophonie has shown itself effective in the field, more often, although other organizations, as a third party is truly independent, neutral and impartial.

In third-party litigation funding agreements, funders agree to finance a litigant’s litigation on condition that the funder will deduct a specified percentage from the capital awarded to the litigant in the event of success. In contingency fee agreements, such funding is provided by lawyers. Initially both these agreements were illegal in South Africa and England, but as civil courts became able to counter corruption and abuse – and with the recognition of the need to give more litigants access to justice – both were recognised as legal. Third-party litigation funding agreements by non-lawyers are unregulated in most jurisdictions. As the voluntary self-regulation in England is unsatisfactory, mandatory statutory regulation should be introduced in South Africa. The Contingency Fees Act 66 of 1997 caps the fee to 25% on the capital amount in South Africa. Since no such cap exists in Ontario (Canada), the cap of 25% in South Africa should be revised. / Eka Mintwanano yo nyika nseketelo wa mali eka nandzu wa thedi phati, vanyiki va mali va pfumela ku hakela mali ya nandzu wa mumangali hi xipimelo xa leswaku munyiki wa mali u ta susa phesenteji leyi kombisiweke ku suka eka mali leyi nyikiweke mumangali loko a humelela. Eka mintwanano ya tihakelo ta vukorhokeri, nseketelo walowo wa mali wu nyikiwa hi maloyara. Ekusunguleni mintwanano leyi hinkwayo a yi nga ri enawini eAfrika Dzonga na le England, kambe tanihi leswi tikhoto ta mfumo ti koteke ku kokela etlhelo eka timhaka ta vukungundzwana na nxaniso- na ku anakanyiwa ka xilaveko xo nyika vamangali votala mfikelelo wa vululami- hinkwayo yi anakanyiwile tanihi leyi nga enawini. Mintwanano yo nyika nseketelo wa mali eka nandzu wa thedi phati hi vanhu lava nga riki maloyara a yi lawuriwi eka vuavanyisi byotala. Tanihileswi vutilawuri byo tinyiketa eEngland byi nga riki kahle, mafambiselo ya nawu lama lavekaka ya fanele ya tivisiwa eAfrika Dzonga. Nawu wa Tihakelo ta Vukorhokeri wa 66 wa 1997 wu veka mpimo wa hakelo eka 25% eka xiphemu xa tsengo wa mali eAfrika Dzonga. Ku sukela loko ku ri hava mpimo lowu nga kona eOntario (Canada), mpimo wa 25% eAfrika Dzonga wu fanele wu langutisiwa hi vuntshwa. / Kha thendelano dza ndambedzo dza mbilo ine ya itelwa muthu, vhabadeli vho tenda u badela mbilo ya muthu o no khou itelwa mbilo tenda mubadeli a tshi ḓo ṱusa phesenthe yo tiwaho kha tshelede yo avhelwaho muthu ane a khou itelwa mbilo arali a kunda. Kha thendelano dza mbadelo dzine dza badelwa musi ramilayo o no kunda kha mulandu, mbadelo idzo dzi ṋetshedzwa nga vhoramilayo. Mathomoni thendelano idzi vhuvhili hadzo dzo vha dzi siho mulayoni Afurika Tshipembe na England, fhedzi musi khothe dza mbilo dzi tshi vho thoma u hanedzana na tshanḓanguvhoni na u tambudzwa - na u dzhiela nṱha ṱhoḓea ya u ṋea vhathu vhane vha khou itelwa mbilo u swikelela vhulamukanyi –vhuvhili hadzo dzo dzhiwa sa dzi re mulayoni. Thendelano dza ndambedzo dza mbilo ine muthu a itelwa nga vhathu vhane vha sa vhe vhoramilayo a i langulwi kha vhulamukanyi vhunzhi. Samusi u langulwa ha ndaulo nga iwe muṋe hu ha u tou funa ngei England a zwi ṱanganedzwi, ndaulo ya khombekhombe ya mulayo i fanela u ḓivhadzwa Afurika Tshipembe. Mulayo wa Mbadelo dzine dza badelwa Ramilayo musi o kunda wa nomboro 66 wa 1997 mutengo wawo u guma kha 25% mutengo wa tshelede Afurika Tshipembe. Samusi tshikalo itsho tshi sa wanali ngei Ontario (Canada), tshikalo itsho tsha 25% Afurika Tshipembe tshi fanela u sedzuluswa hafhu. / Private Law / LL. M.

[pt] Práticas de terceirizações logísticas vêm sendo largamente utilizadas por empresas do Brasil e do mundo. A terceirização logística no Brasil já é um fato, e as empresas já perceberam as vantagens de terceirizar as atividades que não fazem parte de suas atividades fim para outras empresas especialistas em qualquer serviço logístico, os operadores logísticos. Metas como redução de custos, melhorias no nível de serviço e redução de ativos na operação contribuem para a prática da terceirização, tornando mais competitivas as empresas contratadoras de serviços. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho descreve e analisa um estudo de caso de seleção e contratação de um prestador de serviços logísticos (PSL) para a Infoglobo, que é uma das principais empresas de mídia impressa do Brasil. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar o processo de seleção e contratação de um prestador de serviços logísticos, de acordo com a literatura pesquisada. As conclusões indicam que a Infoglobo teve um processo de seleção e contratação estruturado, e segue a tendência da literatura atual de terceirização logística em relação aos motivadores da terceirização, atributos desejados dos PSLs, classificação e segmentação dos terceiros, fontes de informação para o processo seletivo, acordos de nível de serviço, compartilhamento de ganhos e relacionamento entre contratante e contratado. / [en] Outsourcing logistics practices have being widely used for Brazilian and world companies. The outsourcing logistics in Brazil is already a fact, and the enterprises have realized the advantages of outsourcing for 3PL specialists of activities that do not belong to the scope of its own core business. Goals such as cost reduction, service level improvements, operation assets reduction contribute for outsourcing practices, making the enterprises more competitive. Given this context, the case study examined in this dissertation describes and analyzes a selection and hiring practices of third-party logistics for Infoglobo, one of the main newspapers media companies in Brazil. The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the 3PL outsour cing process in accordance with the surveyed literature. The study has enabled us to identify that Infoglobo had a structured outsourcing process, and followed the trend of the current outsourcing literature, specially in topics such as outsourcing motivations, 3PL`s desired attributes, 3PL`s classification and segmentation, sources of information, service level agreement, gainsharing and relationship between the 3PL and Infoglobo.

Sammanfattning   Titel: Granskning av hållbarhetsredovisning - Granskares kunskap för att erhålla tillförlitlighet i granskningsprocessen   Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Sofia Eriksson och Pauline Ervenhag   Handledare: Tomas Källqvist och Pär Vilhelmson   Datum: 2019 – Juni   Syfte: Enligt tidigare forskning tenderar granskare av hållbarhetsredovisning att sakna tillräckligt med kunskap och utbildning för att bedöma redovisningens tillförlitlighet. Hållbarhetsredovisning är en del av revisionen som anses vara en svår uppgift, och därför är kunskap inom detta område viktigt. Syftet med studien var att öka förståelsen för vilken kunskap granskare av hållbarhetsredovisningar saknar vid granskningsprocessen för att erhålla tillförlitlighet.   Metod: För att kunna belysa och besvara studiens syfte genomfördes en studie baserad på kvalitativ metod. Avsikten var att skapa ökad förståelse och inblick i vilken kunskap granskare av hållbarhetsredovisning behöver och saknar. Studien utgick från ett abduktivt synsätt där den teoretiska referensramen och empirisk datainsamling har analyserats i samverkan med varandra. Uppsatsens syfte undersöktes bland annat med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med både bestyrkande-, granskande- och finansiella revisorer samt respondenter från FAR.   Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visade att erfarenhet är den centrala källan till kunskap inom granskningsprocessen av hållbarhetsredovisningens tillförlitlighet. Ett exempel som belyser detta är att erfarenhet och lärandet av varandra har haft en inverkan på granskare under deras process att granska hållbarhetsredovisningar.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Vi har i denna studie kommit fram till två teoretiska bidrag då vi fann skillnader mellan vår teoretiska referensram och vårt empiriska material gällande granskares kunskap. Studiens första teoretiska bidrag visade att kunskap inte ses som en saknad vidare att erfarenhet är en viktig faktor för granskare under granskningsprocessen av hållbarhetsredovisningar. Detta relateras till praktisk klokhet och tacit knowledge eftersom kunskap kan uppkomma genom erfarenhet och lärandet av varandra. Studiens andra teoretiska bidrag visade att det finns en bakomliggande efterfrågan på utbildningar inom hållbarhetsredovisningens delar.   Förslag till vidare forskning: Vi finner ett fortsatt intresse av att se hur granskares arbetslivserfarenheter påverkar synen på kunskap utifrån erfarenhet. Därför är ett förslag till vidare forskning att genomföra en liknande studie med fler respondenter där hänsyn tas till arbetslivserfarenhet för att bidra till nya infallsvinklar.

La protection des intérêts des tiers des effets atteints résultant d'un jugement rendu entre deux parties constitue aujourd'hui, une exigence indispensable pour garantir la sécurité juridique. Les différentes législations se sont occupées de garantir les droits des tiers. L’objet de cette étude consiste à traiter l’efficacité des moyens donnés au tiers pour protéger ses droits en comparant le système libyen au système français. En effet, nous avons pu constater qu’il y a une différence entre les méthodes employées dans cette matière. Le droit libyen consacre toujours l’interprétation classique au principe de l’autorité relative et nie la possibilité qu’un jugement peut d’une manière ou une autre affecter le droit de tiers. Cette position de droit libyen est critiquable, car si le tiers n'est pas tenu par ce qui a été décidé dans une instance où il n’était ni partie ni représenté, ce dernier ne peut totalement ignorer l’existence du jugement ou éviter ses effets en s'appuyant sur le principe de la relativité de l’autorité de la chose jugée étant donné que la source du grief que le tiers peut subir ne résulte pas de cette autorité mais de l’opposabilité de jugement à son égard. En effet, le principe d’opposabilité du jugement oblige le tiers de reconnaître et de respecter la situation juridique née du jugement. C’est pour cette raison que nous espérons qu’une révision faite par le législateur libyen des textes législatifs relatifs à la tierce opposition pour donner au tiers véritable la possibilité d’attaquer le jugement par cette voie. Cette révision doit aussi étendre la règle concernant l’intervention en appel et en cassation pour autoriser au tiers d’intervenir à titre principale devant la Cour d’appel et à titre accessoire devant la Cour de cassation. / The protection of the interests of the third parties of the reached effects resulting from a judgment returned between two parts constitutes today, an indispensable requirement to guarantee the legal safety. Different legislation tried to guarantee the rights of thirds. The object of this study consists in treating the effectiveness of means given to the third to protect its rights by comparing the Libyan system with the French system. Indeed, we could note that there is a difference between methods used in this material. Libyan right always dedicates classical interpretation to the principle of the relating authority and disclaims possibility that a judgement can of one way or another affect the right of third party. This position of Libyan right is open to criticism, because if the third party is not kept by what one decided in an authority where it was not either left or represented, this last cannot completely be unaware of the existence of judgement or avoid the effects by leaning on the principle of the relativity of the res judicata given that the source of grievance which the third can suffer does not result from this authority but from the opposability of judgement against him. Indeed, the principle of opposability of judgement obliges the third party to admit and to respect the legal status born in judgement. It is for this reason that we hope that a revision made by the Libyan legislator of enactments relating to third party opposition to give to the true third party the possibility of attacking judgement by this way. This revision must also spread the rule concerning intervention in call and in annulment to allow in the third to intervene in title main before the court call and in secondary title before the court of annulment.

A tese discute o problema dos terceiros na arbitragem. Ela distingue os planos substantivo (contratual) e processual (jurisdicional) da arbitragem e, portanto, o status de parte e terceiro com relação, respectivamente, à convenção de arbitragem e ao processo arbitral. Depois de desenvolver as premissas teóricas na Parte 1, a Parte 2 expõe as teorias contratuais e societárias por meio das quais um não-signatário pode ficar vinculado à convenção de arbitragem, com destaque para a extensão a todos os acionistas da companhia da cláusula compromissória estatutária, bem como para a aplicação do princípio da boa-fé objetiva (teoria dos atos próprios, estoppel) para impedir com que determinados signatários burlem a convenção de arbitragem ao incluir terceiros no polo passivo da demanda ou, ainda, para impor a arbitragem a não-signatários que derivaram um benefício do contrato inter alios. Na Parte III, a atenção volta-se para o processo e a sentença arbitral. Expõe-se uma teoria dos efeitos da sentença, buscando-se explicar a sua potencial eficácia ultra partes com base: a) na necessidade de realizar o direito da contraparte à tutela jurisdicional (adquirente do direito litigioso, sucessores post rem judicatam); e b) na identificação de nexos de prejudicialidade-dependência permanente entre as relações jurídicas no plano do direito material (terceiro titular de situação dependente). Refutam-se, em passo seguinte, teorias que preconizam o valor absoluto da sentença. Oferece-se, como núcleo da tese, uma reconstrução dogmática das modalidades de intervenção de terceiro, buscando adaptá-las à arbitragem para alcançar, em cada situação, um justo equilíbrio entre as expectativas contratuais das partes originárias e a natureza privada da arbitragem, de um lado, e os efeitos da sentença perante terceiros, de outro. Conclui-se que, em alguns casos, legitima-se o terceiro a intervir voluntariamente, mesmo contra ou independentemente da vontade das partes, se ele estiver sujeito aos efeitos da sentença. Em hipótese excepcionalíssimas, ademais, a parte pode sujeitar um terceiro aos efeitos de intervenção, provocando a sua assistência no processo arbitral. / The thesis addresses the problems of third parties in arbitration. It distinguishes the substantive (contractual) and procedural dimensions of arbitration and, hence, the status of parties and third parties in connection with, respectively, the arbitration agreement and the arbitral proceedings. After spelling out theoretical premises in Part 1, Part 2 covers the contractual and corporate theories by which a non-signatory may be bound by the arbitration agreement, highlighting the extension to all shareholders of the agreement in the corporate bylaws, as well as the application of the equitable doctrine of estoppel to bar certain signatories from avoiding the arbitration agreement by including third parties as defendants or even to impose arbitration onto non-signatories who derived a benefit from the contract inter alios. In Part III, my attention turns to the proceedings and the arbitral award. I set out a doctrine of the effects of judgments, seeking to explain their potential effects on third parties based: a) on the prevailing need to preserve the counterpartys right to a binding declaration on its asserted claims (acquirers, successors post rem judicatam); b) the identification of substantive ties between legal relationships that make the third parties rights permanently dependent on the situation between the parties. I then refute theories ascribing absolute value to the award vis-à-vis third parties. As the core of the thesis, I offer a doctrinal reconstruction of third party interventions, seeking to adapt them to arbitration in order to achieve, in each situation, a fair balance between the contractual expectations of the original parties and the private nature of arbitration, in one hand, and the effects of the award on third parties, on the other. I conclude that a third party should be allowed to intervene, albeit against the will of the parties, if it is subject to the concrete effects of the arbitral award. In exceptional situations, moreover, a party may vouch in a third party, who will then be bound by the determinations of factual and legal issues made in the award.

O objetivo deste estudo é realizar a avaliação da estrutura de três instituições públicas com relação às propostas de inovação organizacional por meio das mudanças em seus processos de trabalho. Este estudo abrange os contratos terceirizados realizados por meio de processo licitatório com a utilização de Acordo de Nível de Serviço (ANS), que possui critérios objetivos de mensuração dos resultados contratados. Isso permite adequar o pagamento das faturas dos contratos de acordo com a quantidade e qualidade dos serviços prestados, constituindo o processo inovativo a ser estudado neste trabalho. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com servidores das áreas que atuam desde o planejamento até o acompanhamento e execução dos contratos terceirizados continuados de forma a verificar a percepção com relação à inovação em sua instituição, cultura organizacional e apoio da alta administração. Dentre os contratos terceirizados, optou-se por avaliar os serviços prestados referente ao contrato específico de limpeza. Identificou-se que a instituição A possui a contratação por posto de trabalho sem que haja uma avaliação especifica para a qualidade dos serviços prestados vinculado ao pagamento da fatura, mesmo com total abertura para projetos inovadores. Esse modelo de contratação, atualmente, supre com as demandas da instituição. Já as instituições B e C possuem a contratação com utilização de ANS. Apesar de possuírem obstáculos com relação à adoção de inovação, observou-se que essas duas instituições possuem um modelo diferenciado de gerir seus contratos com inovação em seu processo. Verificou-se que as três instituições conseguem atingir os objetivos esperados para os contratos apresentados tais como a qualidade na entrega dos serviços prestados e o correto pagamento da fatura com relação ao serviço executado. Apesar disso, como existe a possibilidade de contratar futuramente uma empresa que não atinja a qualidade esperada ou que não tenha a competência para tal, é importante avaliar a implantação do ANS nos contratos futuros. / This paper aims to evaluate the structure of three public institutions’ regarding the proposals for organisational innovation through changes in their work processes. This study includes third-party vendors contracts through a bidding process with the use of Service Level Agreements (ANS in Brazil), which has objectives evaluates contracts. This allows adjusting the payment of the contracts according to the quantity and quality of the services provided, constituting the innovative process to be studied in this work. For that, interviews with workers in areas from planning to execution of continued third-party contracts were conducted to check the perception of innovation in their institution, organisational culture and managers’ support. Among the outsourced contracts, we opted to evaluate the services referring to the specific cleaning contract. The institution A has the type of contract by workstation without specifically check the quality of services provided which were paid, even with possibility for innovative projects. This contracting model currently meets the demands of the institution A. Institutions B and C follows Service Level Agreements. Despite they usually reach an impasse on innovation process, it was noted that these two institutions follows a particular model to manage their contracts with innovation. It was verified that the three institutions achieves the goals expected for contracts provided, which consists in the quality of services provided, followed by the due payment. The evaluate of the employment of Service Level Agreements is important, because there are no guarantees that a future contract will reach the expected quality.

Pallets play a very important role in whole distribution systems through the supply chain. Such a fact alone shows the importance of pallets in today’s fast growing global logistics. Due to the increasing number of regulations and policies regarding natural resource conservations and also sustainable development, the issue of pallet utilization, reuse and recycling matters became the core concern in most of the researches performed in this field.As a consequence, the presented report discusses the current problems, requirements and debates around pallets utilization in distribution systems in depth along with the other affecting factors such as Cost, Environment, Materials, Sustainability, Information Technology and so forth. To achieve such goals, the first step is recognizing the mass Industrial production factors and global market requirements for the current and future of pallet utilization in order to achieve the desired efficiency and effectiveness in practice with focus on standardized pallets utilization in specific regions like European Union.The second step is the considering of various pallet types compatibility in different environments with respect to unit load assignments both at present and future. The third step is to challenge the obtained data and observed results and also, to verify them according to the foreseen future requirements, tendencies and demands of pallets and unit loads assignments through the international logistics providers. The last step which is as well the most important part of this thesis report is, to put the information together in order to clarify and specify the encountered difficulties regarding usage of pallets with concentration on cost, environment and ergonomic issues.

No description available.