The economic wellbeing, physical and mental health of the ageing population in the United Kingdom is associated with continued participation in the labour force. Encouraging later life employment is therefore a key policy issue. Research into older person's employment trajectories is concentrated on male working patterns, and often takes an individualistic approach that does not account for the domestic context. Previous research on women's labour force participation has been informed by small scale qualitative studies that do consider the household domain but these findings cannot be generalized to the wider population. This research investigates the factors associated with the continued employment of women aged 50 to 59 using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Transition rates out of employment between 2001 and 2011 are modeled using multilevel discrete time event history specifications that permit the inclusion of time varying covariates. Retirement is characterized as an ageing process which allows the impact of predictors on transition rates to be assessed and measured as women approach state pension age. Alternative time structures are considered, with parameter estimates from an age baseline model compared with those from a time on study specification. Results illustrate the sensitivity of parameter estimates in discrete time event history models to the measurement of time, and emphasize the importance of adopting a time metric that is commensurate with the theoretical representation of retirement as a dynamic ageing process. The domestic context is realised as sampled women and their male partners are positionedwithin a household structure, and asymmetric effects of predictors on the transition rate of each gender are considered. Own poor health, caring responsibilities and a retired or inactive spouse accelerate labour market exit for women whilst high levels of accrued pension wealth predict earlier transitions for their male partners. The age of employment exit for females is independent of pension wealth, but pension resources do predict the retirement pathway taken following any transition that does occur. Women residing in the wealthiest households are more likely to report as voluntary retired prior to state pension age whilst those in the poorest of couples are at higher risk of following an involuntary pathway into an alternative inactive state. These findings emphasize the importance of conducting research into later life employment trajectories on a household, rather than individual, basis.

Utopia in The Diary of Christopher Columbus At first, we meet with the context of era of 15th century in Spain, as well as we come to know complicated journey of Christopher Columbus. The first chapter describes the most important moments of his life together with the Renaissance rebirth of thinking. The second chapter is concerned with the birth of hispanoamerican literature based on anal ysis o f Columbus's marine diary and his messages. All the content and formal part of diary confirm value of Columbus who enrich spanish vocabulary. The main part of this thesis is dedicated to utopia and th e et ymological meaning of the word. We know definition of the utopia but more important is to see the utopia as a literary genre. New literary and mental phenomenon is represented, it's the Utopia of America. The m yth is actual again, we comeback to the Beginning. Also we know differences between utopia and m yt h and we confirm that it is almoust impossible to separate them. The trust, hope and the return to the biblical Paradise are transformed to the isolated place and time, the literature plays the role of creative force which intensifies and spreads these hopes. We aplicate teorical work of Mircea Eliade to Columbus's Diary. Thanks to Eliade we know how the example act was born and his teories are...

Thesis advisor: Henry I. Braun / The City Connects intervention is motivated by the belief that out-of-school factors act as barriers to student thriving in cognitive and non-cognitive domains. It seeks to address these barriers first by identifying each student’s strengths and needs and then by providing a tailored set of prevention, intervention, and enrichment programs. Underlying the program is the assumption that provision of high-quality resources and individualized services will enable children to be cognitively, socio-emotionally, and physically prepared to thrive in school. This study’s purpose was to estimate the effects of the City Connects intervention on English learners’ (EL) likelihood of exiting Limited English Proficiency (LEP) status. ELs comprise a student subpopulation most at-risk to fail academically, and exposure to the program was hypothesized to improve their likelihood of exiting LEP status earlier than otherwise. A series of one- and two-level discrete-time event history analyses were conducted on the main analytic sample as well as two sub-samples. As participation in City Connects is at the school-level, school-level matching was used for sub-samples 1 and 2, and propensity score weights were applied at the student-level for all three samples. Additionally, hazard probabilities, survival probabilities, cumulative hazard rates, and median lifetimes were estimated. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine whether effects were robust to unobserved selection bias. The results indicated that ELs participating in the City Connects intervention were significantly more likely to exit LEP status earlier than their peers in comparison schools. The median time in LEP status in City Connects schools was shorter and translated into a gain of at least one half of a year in grade in mainstream classes. Also, all the fitted models indicated that approximately 10 percent more City Connects students exited LEP status by the end of fifth grade than comparison students. Findings highlight the impact of the City Connects intervention, as ELs entering mainstream classes earlier could translate into important academic and non-academic gains, such as improved academic achievement and increased self-confidence. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement and Evaluation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jonnefer Francisco Barbosa.pdf: 1451287 bytes, checksum: 4a8ac398f7c4c388e91be584717c42ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present thesis aims to address the problem of the relations between politics and time in the work of the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, which is situated within four thresholds where this question is further developed: a) the problem about bare life and forms-of-life; b) the community problem; c) the state of exception; d) the relation among time, memory and history. From the inventory that Agamben will make out of the originating concepts of the treaty of Aristotle Peris Psykhês as well as the archaic Roman Law towards the definition of bare life , to the Agamben s readings on the reflections of Walter Benjamin, Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault, which will be tackled as biopolitical hypothesis , by going through surveys on the Schmitt s exception and the reine Gewalt in Benjamin s, the thesis is intended to expose the inevitable threshold of the political problems with the discussions on time and memory within Agamben s philosophy presented below, in addition to some of the main difficulties, implications and contradictions involving its formulation. Thresholds (Schwellen) must be understood herein not only in a methodological but also epistemological sense the way that Agamben thinks its philosophy, through ontology, politics, law and esthetics and the temporary sense, the specificity of the thresholding concept to characterize the unique relation about the human time with the memory, the history and the politics / A presente tese objetiva abordar o problema das relações entre política e tempo na obra do filósofo italiano Giorgio Agamben, situando-o a partir de quatro limiares onde esta questão é ali desenvolvida: a) a problemática da vida nua e das formas-de-vida; b) o problema da comunidade; c) o estado de exceção; d) a relação entre o tempo, a memória e a história. Do inventário que fará Agamben de conceitos oriundos do tratado aristotélico Peris Psykhês e do direito romano arcaico para a definição da vida nua , às leituras agambenianas das reflexões de Walter Benjamin, Hannah Arendt e Michel Foucault a partir do que chamaremos de hipótese biopolítica , passando pelas pesquisas sobre o estado de exceção schmittiano e a reine Gewalt em Benjamin, esta tese pretende expor a inevitável imbricação da problemática política com os debates em torno do tempo e da memória na filosofia agambeniana, apresentado, ademais, algumas das principais aporias, implicações e antinomias envolvendo sua formulação. Limiares (Schwellen) devem ser entendidos aqui tanto em um sentido metodológico e epistemológico a forma como Agamben pensa sua filosofia, na passagem entre a ontologia, a política, o direito e a estética quanto em um sentido temporal, a especificidade do conceito de limiar para caracterizar a singular relação do tempo humano com a memória, a história e a política

Despite the Family Code of 2000 that raised the legal age at marriage to 18 for both sexes; early family formation is still a common practice which affect many children in Ethiopia. Previous research has shown that girls in rural areas are more disadvantaged and suffer the consequences of early marriage the most. The purpose of this thesis is to study the risk factors for early marriage for both girls and boys in an urban area, Shashemene. Also, using longitudinal data, trends in early family formation between 1973 and 2008 have been analyzed with an event history approach. The data were collected as part of the project “Changing Ethiopia: Urban livelihood, gender, and ethnicity in Shashemene after 35 years: A case study”. The discrete-time complementary log-log regression estimates have provided evidence of gender inequality in early marriage formations, showing that girls are more prone to experience early marriage than boys. While area of birth (rural-urban) has no direct impact on the risk of early marriage, it is found that living in an urban area offsets the effect of area of birth, suggesting a selection process into migration. It is also found that school attendance decreases the likelihood of early marriage, while literacy has little effect. Moreover, among people living in Shashemene, religious affiliation has more impact on early marriage risks than ethnic identity and the first language. Finally, there was little evidence on period and cohort effects for early family formation.

The thesis is divided into six chapters. In the first part, man and time were interested i philosophy. In the second part, we dealt with human being and human existence. In the third chapter we deal with context of time and history and their importance for man and human society. The fourth chapter tries to capture the meaning of human existence and follows another chapter that tries to find out possible causes that can lead to a loss of meaning of life. The last part, devoted to free time a leisure education, aimed to show the possibilities and limits of a free time educator in helping to meaningfully live.

The author aims to focus the work on the formation of audiences from the early days of television. The key is to introduce readers to the beginnings of broadcasting from the perspective of the viewer, not just the overview of the history of television broadcasting in Czechoslovakia. The studied time period is mainly the 50s of 20th century with a brief insight into the interwar period. In the end the author compares the past with current state of television entertainment. The work is methodologically processed by archival research and professional literature in combination with the oral history method using real interviews with narrators. This leads to a comparison of officially available information about the beginnings of television broadcasting with the testimony of their direct audience.However, the result of the research is a mutual agreement in the field of television technology (first receivers), as well as in the sphere of program distribution, in the social area and also it presents how popular was the television in leisure activities of population in the 50s­60s of 20th century.