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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Development of the fast steering secondary mirror assembly of GMT

Lee, Sungho, Cho, Myung K., Park, Chan, Han, Jeong-Yeol, Jeong, Ueejeong, Yoon, Yang-noh, Song, Je Heon, Park, Byeong-Gon, Dribusch, Christoph, Park, Won Hyun, Jun, Youra, Yang, Ho-Soon, Moon, Il-Kwon, Oh, Chang Jin, Kim, Ho-Sang, Lee, Kyoung-Don, Bernier, Robert, Alongi, Chris, Rakich, Andrew, Gardner, Paul, Dettmann, Lee, Rosenthal, Wylie 22 July 2016 (has links)
The Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) will be featured with two Gregorian secondary mirrors, an adaptive secondary mirror (ASM) and a fast-steering secondary mirror (FSM). The FSM has an effective diameter of 3.2 m and built as seven 1.1 m diameter circular segments, which are conjugated 1:1 to the seven 8.4m segments of the primary. Each FSM segment contains a tip-tilt capability for fine co-alignment of the telescope subapertures and fast guiding to attenuate telescope wind shake and mount control jitter. This tip-tilt capability thus enhances performance of the telescope in the seeing limited observation mode. As the first stage of the FSM development, Phase 0 study was conducted to develop a program plan detailing the design and manufacturing process for the seven FSM segments. The FSM development plan has been matured through an internal review by the GMTO-KASI team in May 2016 and fully assessed by an external review in June 2016. In this paper, we present the technical aspects of the FSM development plan.
212

Prediction of natural frequencies of turbine blades for turbocharger application : an investigation of the finite element method, mathematical modelling and frequency survey methods applied to turbocharger blade vibration in order to predict natural frequencies of turbocharger blades

Zdunek, Agnieszka Izabela January 2014 (has links)
Methods of determining natural frequencies of the D76D88, B76D88, A86E93, C86G90, C86L90 and C125L89 turbine wheel designs for various environmental conditions were investigated by application of Finite Element Analysis and beam theory. Modelling and simulation methods were developed ; the first method composed of 15 finite element simulations ; the second composed of 15 finite element simulations and a set of experimental frequency survey results; the third composed of 5 simulations , an incorporated mathematical model and a set of experimental frequency survey results. Each of these methods was designed to allow prediction of resonant frequency changes across a range of exhaust gas temperature and shaft rotational speed. For the new modelling and simulation methods, an analysis template and a plotting tool were developed using Microsoft Excel and MATLAB software. A graph showing a frequency-temperature-speed variations and a Campbell Diagram that incorporates material stiffening and softening effects across a range of rotational speeds was designed, and applied to the D76D88, B76D88, A86E93, C86G90, C86L90 and C125L89 turbine wheel designs. New design methodologies for turbine wheels were formulated and validated, showing a good agreement with a range of data points from frequency survey, strain-gauge telemetry and laser tip-timing test results. The results from the new design method were compared with existing single compensation factor methodology, and showed a great improvement in accuracy of prediction of modal vibration. A new nomenclature for the mode shapes of a turbocharger’s blade was proposed, designed and demonstrated to allow direct identification of associated mode shape. It is concluded that Finite Element Analysis combined with the frequency survey is capable of predicting changes in turbine natural frequencies and, when incorporated into the existing turbine design methodology, resulted in a major improvement in the accuracy of the predictions of vibration frequency.
213

Puxamento de fibras cristalinas do sistema Al2O3-Nd2O3 e o desenvolvimento de ponta cristalina para aplicação em termoterapia pontual a quente / Crystal fibers pulling from the Al2O3-Nd2O3 system and the development of crystal tip for application in punctual hot thermotherapy

Marcondes, Sergio Paulo 30 May 2014 (has links)
A radiação laser tem sido amplamente utilizada em diversos dispositivos para aplicações tecnológicas. Uma área particularmente interessante que tem sido explorada para o desenvolvimento destes dispositivos é a medicina. Um campo da medicina que tem se beneficiado desse esforço é a termoterapia a laser. No entanto, algumas desvantagens do uso em larga escala desta tecnologia são devidas à falta de uniformidade da absorção da radiação pelo tecido humano. Uma maneira proposta de resolver esta problemática tem sido a utilização de um método fototérmico indireto para converter a energia da luz do laser em calor; por meio de uso de pontas de fibras ópticas revestidas. Contudo, o uso dessas pontas apresenta a desvantagem da limitada estabilidade química do revestimento. Neste trabalho, apresentamos os resultados do desenvolvimento de pontas cristalinas de Nd2O3 altamente estáveis quimicamente em fibras monocristalinas de safira (Al2O3) obtidas diretamente a partir da fase líquida (fundida), fazendo-se uso da técnica Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth (LHPG). A metodologia desenvolvida permite a produção de pontas de diâmetros variados, o que possibilita definir a dimensão da região de aquecimento dentro dos limites de interação ponta cristalina/meio. Para o crescimento dos cristais no formato de fibras, chamados de fibras monocristalinas, usando-se a técnica LHPG, preparamos pedestais de Al2O3 puros e de composição Nd2O3, utilizando-se a técnica de extrusão a frio. Fibras monocristalinas de safira de 0,67 mm de diâmetro e 200 mm de comprimento, livres de poros ou trincas, com pontas cristalinas aproximadamente cônicas foram fabricadas em atmosfera aberta. Para avaliarmos a eficiência da conversão de luz em calor, as fibras foram bombeadas com luz de um laser de comprimento de onda 810 nm. Uma correspondência linear entre a potência do laser e a temperatura da ponta cristalina foi determinada em nossos sistemas e valores de até 250 oC podem ser alcançados; o que torna a ponta cristalina da fibra promissora para aplicações em termoterapia a laser e para a área de soldagem em micro(nano) eletrônica. Neste trabalho apresentamos também um estudo sistemático sobre o processo de puxamento de fibras do compósito eutético Nd2O3-NdAl11O18, através da técnica LHPG, com velocidades de puxamento variando entre 0,08 - 0,92 mm/min. As fibras eutéticas foram fabricadas com sucesso, livres de poros ou trincas. A microestrutura analisada ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) foi denominada como do tipo regular, presente em todas as amostras. A despeito da sua complexidade, a microestrutura desse compósito foi controlada e a relação entre o espaçamento médio entre as fases e a velocidade de puxamento &#9552v = constante = (8,2 ± 0,3) µm3/s foi mantida em todo o intervalo das velocidade de puxamento utilizadas. Devido às propriedades mecânicas e ópticas das fases eutéticas individuais, este compósito apresenta-se como candidato com enorme potencial para aplicações dentro da ciência e engenharia de materiais. Ao nosso conhecimento, este trabalho parece ser o primeiro relato sobre a microestrutura eutética do sistema binário Al2O3-Nd2O3. / The laser radiation has been extensively used as devices for technological application, for which the medicine is a hot topic. In this field, the laser-induced thermotherapy is the primary beneficiary of the main researches and applications. However, the heterogeneity associated to the light aborsorption by the human tissue is major impediment preventing the large using of the thermotherapy. To solve this situation, an indirect photothermal method has been employed in order to convert laser radiation into heat by using coated optical fiber tips. Nevertheless, the limited chemical stability of the coating is a crucial problem associated to the large scale application of these coated tips. In the present work, we prepared crystal tips of Nd2O3, chemically stable, coupled in the Al2O3 (sapphire) crystal fiber, being both obtained by the laser-heated pedestal growth technique (LHPG), providing the production of tips with different diameters. Also, the cold extrusion technique was employed to produce the Al2O3 e Nd2O3 pedestals. Besides, the Al2O3 crystal fibers with 0.67 mm in diameter and 200 mm in length, free of cracks and pores, were successfully produced in an air atmosphere. In order to account the efficiency of the light-to-heat conversion, the fibers were pumped with laser light centered at 810 nm. Finally, linear correspondence between laser power and crystal tip temperature was determined in our systems, making them appropriated to the laser-induced thermotheraphy applications and welding in micro- and nano-electronics. Furthermore, we presented a profound investigation about the pulling process of Nd2O3-NdAl11O18 eutectic fibers obtained by LHPG technique. These eutectics were successfully pulled free of cracks and pores. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we were capable of identificating the regular microstructure of our eutectics. Changes in the microstructure were observed in the eutectic fibers pulled using fiber pulling rates from 0.08 to 0.92 mm/min. Despite the complexity of their microstructures, the relation &#9552v = (8,2 ± 0,3) µm3/s = constant, defined by Jackson and Hunt, applied very well for this system. Owing to the mechanical and optical properties of the eutectic phases, these compounds present huge potential for applications in the materials science and engineering related fields. To our knowledge, this work seems to be the first report on the eutectic microstructure of the Al2O3-Nd2O3 binary system.
214

Adaptação do ensaio SPT para determinação de parâmetros adicionais para o dimensionamento de fundações / Adaptation of the SPT test for the determination of additional parameters for the design of foundations

Ferreira, Marlon Queiroz 08 March 2016 (has links)
A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o intuito de agregar alguns procedimentos ao Ensaio SPT, para se obter um maior número de parâmetros para o dimensionamento de fundações, visto que este ensaio é o tipo de investigação de subsolo mais utilizado no Brasil para este fim. Os procedimentos adicionados foram: medida de eficiência do equipamento e ensaio de arrancamento do amostrador em cada camada distinta de solo atravessado. Foram realizados nove ensaios de arrancamento do amostrador, em três furos de sondagem, nas profundidades de dois, cinco e dez metros (três camadas de solos distintas). Em um quarto furo foram realizadas duas provas de carga à compressão no amostrador (nas profundidades de dois e cinco metros) para determinação da eficiência do equipamento. Por meio destes ensaios foi possível obter: a resistência de ponta do ensaio SPT, a resistência por atrito lateral na face externa do amostrador, e a razão de atrito do ensaio SPT, que pode ser usada para a classificação de solo de modo similar ao utilizado para o ensaio de cone. Além destes resultados, neste trabalho foi também analisada a relação entre a resistência por atrito interna e externa no amostrador durante o ensaio, conhecida por a. Esta relação mostrou-se maior para a camada de solo com grande porcentagem de pedregulho e menor para a camada que apresentava maior porcentagem de argila. Foi observado também que o valor de a cresce linearmente com a razão entre o valor de NSPT e a tensão vertical efetiva na profundidade do ensaio. Os resultados deste trabalho também mostraram que o valor da razão entre a resistência de ponta do ensaio SPT (qSPT) e o valor de NSPT é único para o mesmo tipo de solo. Além disso, os valores encontrados nesta pesquisa da razão qSPT/ NSPT são próximos aos valores da razão entre a resistência de ponta do ensaio de cone e o NSPT encontrados na literatura. / This research was developed in order to add some procedures to the SPT test, to obtain new parameters for the design of foundations, since this test is the most used in Brazil for this purpose. The additional measurements are: the energy delivered to the rod during a hammer impact, and the sampler\'s shaft resistance known from static uplift. For this investigation, nine uplift tests were conducted on the SPT sampler, in three boreholes, at three different depths (two, five and ten meters) to the determination of the SPT side friction resistance. Additionally, two compressive static load tests were carried out on the sampler in a fourth borehole to the determination of the efficiency of the SPT equipment. The results showed that the SPT test could provide measurements of end bearing and side friction resistances. Also, a SPT normalized friction ratio was determined for the classification of soil in a similar way used based on CPT data. In addition, the ratio between the internal and the external skin friction in the sampler during the test, known as \"a\" was analyzed. The values of this ratio were higher for the soil with higher percentage of gravel, and smaller for the soil with higher percentage of fines. Additionally, the \"a\" value increases linearly with the ratio between the NSPT value and the effective vertical stress at the tested depth. The results of the ratio between the SPT end bearing resistance and the NSPT found in this research are of similar magnitude to the ratios between CPT end bearing resistance and the NSPT found in the literature.
215

Molecular mechanisms of Tea1 cortical anchoring in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Bicho, Cláudia do Céu Afonso January 2010 (has links)
Establishment and maintenacne of a polarized axis is essential for all organisms. Cells can either change their shape in response to extracellular cues or maintain a stable polarity axis via landmarks defined in relation to internal cues. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe,microtubules regulate cortical cell polarity together with the landmark protein Tea1. Tea1 is transported to cell tips on microtubule plus-­‐ends and deposited upon microtubule contact with the membrane. Although Tea1 has been shown to interact with several binding-­partners, Tea1 anchoring at the cell tip depends mostly on the membrane-­associated protein, Mod5. Tea1 and Mod5 accumulate in clusters at the cell tip in a mutually dependent manner. I used a combination of live-­‐cell imaging, FRAP (Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching) and computational modeling to dissect the dynamics of the Tea1-­‐Mod5 interaction. I have shown that although Tea1 is stably associated with the cell tip, Mod5 is mobile within the cell tip. I proposed a model in which Tea1 is stable at the cell tip due to self-­‐polymerization and association in the form of a cluster-­‐network. In the model, the role of Mod5 in the cluster-­‐network is to facilitate the formation of Tea1-­‐Tea1 interactions. Moreover, in the model, Mod5 is restricted to the cell tip due to iterative binding to and release from the Tea1 cluster-­‐network. The properties of the proposed Tea1 cluster-­‐ network might contribute to the behavior of Tea1 as a polarity landmark. I hypothesized that Tea1 transfer from the microtubules to the cell tip was regulated by phosphorylation. Tea1 phosphorylated residues were mapped using mass spectroscopy (MS), and identified to be mostly enriched within a central region of the protein. Using a combination of mutagenic analysis and live-­‐cell imaging I demonstrate that Tea1 phosphorylation might be required for its dissociation from the cluster-­‐network at the cell tip. This suggests that Tea1 interactions within the cluster network are phospho-­‐regulated by one of the several tip-­‐localized kinases. It has been shown in other organisms and in this thesis that comparison among MS samples requires quantitative MS methodologies. Thus, I developed a robust SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling in Cell Culture) method to perform quantitative MS in S. pombe. As a proof-­‐of-­‐principle of the method I performed a proteome-­‐wide comparison between the late G2 and the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. The cell cycle proteome-­‐wide analysis not only quantified variation in expression levels of cell cycle regulated proteins but also identified novel cell cycle regulated proteins. It has been previously shown that Tea1, Tea3 and Mod5 can interact simultaneously, with each pair interacting independently of the third protein. I describe here a Mod5 mutagenic analysis screen designed to separate Tea1 and Tea3 binding site on Mod5. The Mod5-­‐mutants obtained from this analysis indicate that the Tea3-­‐Mod5 interaction may play a role in cell polarity establishment. Moreover, although Tea3 is non-­‐essential for the cluster-­‐network formation, Tea3 might be important for its compaction, which may be particularly important during de novo formation of cell polarity.
216

Adaptação do ensaio SPT para determinação de parâmetros adicionais para o dimensionamento de fundações / Adaptation of the SPT test for the determination of additional parameters for the design of foundations

Marlon Queiroz Ferreira 08 March 2016 (has links)
A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o intuito de agregar alguns procedimentos ao Ensaio SPT, para se obter um maior número de parâmetros para o dimensionamento de fundações, visto que este ensaio é o tipo de investigação de subsolo mais utilizado no Brasil para este fim. Os procedimentos adicionados foram: medida de eficiência do equipamento e ensaio de arrancamento do amostrador em cada camada distinta de solo atravessado. Foram realizados nove ensaios de arrancamento do amostrador, em três furos de sondagem, nas profundidades de dois, cinco e dez metros (três camadas de solos distintas). Em um quarto furo foram realizadas duas provas de carga à compressão no amostrador (nas profundidades de dois e cinco metros) para determinação da eficiência do equipamento. Por meio destes ensaios foi possível obter: a resistência de ponta do ensaio SPT, a resistência por atrito lateral na face externa do amostrador, e a razão de atrito do ensaio SPT, que pode ser usada para a classificação de solo de modo similar ao utilizado para o ensaio de cone. Além destes resultados, neste trabalho foi também analisada a relação entre a resistência por atrito interna e externa no amostrador durante o ensaio, conhecida por a. Esta relação mostrou-se maior para a camada de solo com grande porcentagem de pedregulho e menor para a camada que apresentava maior porcentagem de argila. Foi observado também que o valor de a cresce linearmente com a razão entre o valor de NSPT e a tensão vertical efetiva na profundidade do ensaio. Os resultados deste trabalho também mostraram que o valor da razão entre a resistência de ponta do ensaio SPT (qSPT) e o valor de NSPT é único para o mesmo tipo de solo. Além disso, os valores encontrados nesta pesquisa da razão qSPT/ NSPT são próximos aos valores da razão entre a resistência de ponta do ensaio de cone e o NSPT encontrados na literatura. / This research was developed in order to add some procedures to the SPT test, to obtain new parameters for the design of foundations, since this test is the most used in Brazil for this purpose. The additional measurements are: the energy delivered to the rod during a hammer impact, and the sampler\'s shaft resistance known from static uplift. For this investigation, nine uplift tests were conducted on the SPT sampler, in three boreholes, at three different depths (two, five and ten meters) to the determination of the SPT side friction resistance. Additionally, two compressive static load tests were carried out on the sampler in a fourth borehole to the determination of the efficiency of the SPT equipment. The results showed that the SPT test could provide measurements of end bearing and side friction resistances. Also, a SPT normalized friction ratio was determined for the classification of soil in a similar way used based on CPT data. In addition, the ratio between the internal and the external skin friction in the sampler during the test, known as \"a\" was analyzed. The values of this ratio were higher for the soil with higher percentage of gravel, and smaller for the soil with higher percentage of fines. Additionally, the \"a\" value increases linearly with the ratio between the NSPT value and the effective vertical stress at the tested depth. The results of the ratio between the SPT end bearing resistance and the NSPT found in this research are of similar magnitude to the ratios between CPT end bearing resistance and the NSPT found in the literature.
217

Influência do espaçamento e da poda apical no tomateiro cultivado no sistema orgânico, em ambiente protegido / Influence of the plants spacing and tip pruning in the tomato environment

Davi, Juliana de Jesus Silva 30 June 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:37:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana_de_Jesus_Silva_Davi.pdf: 2712919 bytes, checksum: 9af947f2bdd1f277be5274ffa0e2819e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four plant spacing, associated with four systems of tip pruning, yield and quality of tomato fruit in the system of organic production in protected environment. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, in the Sector of Organic Culture of the Experimental Station Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), in the city of Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, in the period November of 2008 until April of 2009. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block, in project of parcels split-split plot design in the space, with four repetitions. The treatments had been constituted by the combination of four plant spacing (0,2, 0,3, 0,4 and 0,5 m), in the plot, with four tip pruning (3, 4, 5 and 6 clusters for plant), in split plot , and six clusters (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 clusters in the plant), in split-split plot. The seedlings of the hybrid of tomato Alambra were transplanted on the 26th day after the sowing (DAS). The harvest began at 64 th days after transplanting (DAT) and finished on 119 th DAT. The following parameters were evaluated: fruit mass marketable and total for plant, fruit number marketable and total for plant, fruit individual mass marketable and total, fruit yield marketable and total, longitudinal diameter of normal fruits, transversal diameter of normal fruits, percentage of abnormal fruits, soluble solid text, pH, titratable acidity, height of plants and stem diameter. The data were subjected to analysis of variance of linear models to verify the significance of the effects of plant spacing, tip pruning, cluster and their interactions. Considering the conditions where the experiment was developed it can conclude that the fruits of the first clusters of the plant have a higher mass of fruit, independent of the tip pruning and adopted spacing; the tip pruning after the third cluster reduces marketable yield of tomato fruits, the plant spacing of 0,2 and 0.3 m provide higher total yield, and the tip pruning and planting density have a variable effect on fruit quality of tomato / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar o efeito de quatro espaçamentos entre plantas, associados a quatro sistemas de poda apical, na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos de tomateiro, no sistema de produção orgânica, sob cultivo protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, no Setor de Cultivo Orgânico da Estação Experimental Prof. Dr. Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, no Município de Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, no período novembro de 2008 a abril de 2009. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas no espaço, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de quatro espaçamentos entre plantas (0,2, 0,3, 0,4 e 0,5 m), na parcela, com quatro podas apicais (3, 4, 5 e 6 cachos por planta), na subparcela, e seis cachos (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 6 cachos na planta), na subsubparcela. As mudas da cultivar Alambra foram transplantadas aos 26 dias após a semeadura (DAS). A colheita iniciouse aos 64 dias após o transplantio (DAT) e terminou aos 119 DAT. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: massa de fruto comerciável e total por planta, número de fruto comerciável e total por planta, massa individual de fruto comerciável e total, produtividade de fruto comerciável e total, diâmetro longitudinal de frutos normais, diâmetro transversal de frutos normais, porcentagem de frutos anormais, teor de sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, altura de plantas e diâmetro de caule. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de modelos lineares para verificação da significância dos efeitos de espaçamento entre plantas, poda apical, cacho e suas respectivas interações. Considerando as condições em que o experimento foi desenvolvido pode se concluir que os frutos dos primeiros cachos da planta apresentam maior massa de frutos, independente da poda apical e espaçamento entre plantas adotado; a poda apical após o terceiro cacho reduz a produtividade comercial de frutos de tomateiro; os espaçamentos de 0,2 e 0,3 m entre plantas proporcionam maior produtividade total, e a poda apical e a densidade de plantio possuem efeito variável sobre a qualidade dos frutos do tomateiro
218

Типологија и функција женских ликова у епским песмама Вукове збирке / Tipologija i funkcija ženskih likova u epskim pesmama Vukove zbirke / Typology and function of female characters in epic poetry collection of epic poems written by Vuk

Darmanović Katica 15 May 2017 (has links)
<p>Типолошке одреднице у проучавању женских ликова епских народних песама показују стварни значај јунакиња и њихову позицију у епском систему. Испитане су функције женских ликова, степен и врста њихових активности у структури песме (од пасивне позиције до изразито активне) и типови односа, нарочито према мушким ликовима и утврђен је велики број позитивних женских ликова у односу на негативне.<br />Епски контекст најчешће одражава реалну позицију жене и оквире у којима се стварају изузетни, велики и свевремени ликови епских јунакиња. Породични, социјални, митски, историјски и психолошки оквири, као и поетика епског песништва, моделују типове јунакиња (тип мајке, љубе, невесте, сестре, ћерке, девојке и виле) преко бинарних опозитних парова и женски ликови у Вуковим епском песмама сагледани су као комплексни и семантички разноврсни типови. Прецизна позиција јунакиње у песми значи откривање смисла њених речи и дејства који су рефлекс правила традиционалне културе. Носећи у себи многе особине несвојствене мушком свету, женски лик открива колико моћи, знања, снаге и храбрости припада женском начелу, када постаје подршка или опасност и зашто је народни певач најјачу одбрану патријархалног устројства поверио управо женским ликовима.</p> / <p>Tipološke odrednice u proučavanju ženskih likova epskih narodnih pesama pokazuju stvarni značaj junakinja i njihovu poziciju u epskom sistemu. Ispitane su funkcije ženskih likova, stepen i vrsta njihovih aktivnosti u strukturi pesme (od pasivne pozicije do izrazito aktivne) i tipovi odnosa, naročito prema muškim likovima i utvrđen je veliki broj pozitivnih ženskih likova u odnosu na negativne.<br />Epski kontekst najčešće odražava realnu poziciju žene i okvire u kojima se stvaraju izuzetni, veliki i svevremeni likovi epskih junakinja. Porodični, socijalni, mitski, istorijski i psihološki okviri, kao i poetika epskog pesništva, modeluju tipove junakinja (tip majke, ljube, neveste, sestre, ćerke, devojke i vile) preko binarnih opozitnih parova i ženski likovi u Vukovim epskom pesmama sagledani su kao kompleksni i semantički raznovrsni tipovi. Precizna pozicija junakinje u pesmi znači otkrivanje smisla njenih reči i dejstva koji su refleks pravila tradicionalne kulture. Noseći u sebi mnoge osobine nesvojstvene muškom svetu, ženski lik otkriva koliko moći, znanja, snage i hrabrosti pripada ženskom načelu, kada postaje podrška ili opasnost i zašto je narodni pevač najjaču odbranu patrijarhalnog ustrojstva poverio upravo ženskim likovima.</p> / <p>Typological distinctions in the study of female characters in Serbianepic poetry show the real importance of heroines and their position in the epic system. We analysed functions of female characters, level and kind of their activities in the structure of a poem (from passive position to an extremely active) as well as types of their relationships, especially with male characters and found out that the number of positive female characters exceeded the one of negative.<br />Epic context usually expresses the real position of a woman and the framework within which exceptional, great and timelesscharacters of epic heroines have beencreated. Family, social, mythical, historical and psychological frames, as well as the epic poetry, model the types of these heroines (type of a mother, beloved one, bride, sister, daughter, girlfriend and fairy) throughbinary opposing pairs and female characters in Vuk<br />Karadžić&rsquo;s epic poems have been perceived as complex and semantically diverse types.The precise position of heroines within a poem means revealing the meaning of her wordsand activities and the effect which is the reflection of the rules of traditional culture. A female character, bearing in itself many features uncharacteristic for the man&rsquo;s world, reveals how much power, knowledge, strength and courage belongs to the female principle, when it becomes a support or a danger and why the strongest defense of the patriarchal systemhas been given to female characters.</p>
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Local optical phase detection probes with an application to a high speed boundary layer

Perret, Matias Nicholas 01 August 2016 (has links)
This thesis presents the continued development of micro optical phase detection instrumentation capable of measuring void fraction, interfacial area density, interfacial velocity and bubble sizes and their application to measurements in a high speed boundary layer. The instrumentation consists of micro sized sapphire tipped probes tailored to measure in the two-phase flow of air bubbles in water. Probe tips with geometries intended to maximize field life while minimizing intrusiveness were designed, fabricated and characterized. The characterization revealed that the active region of a probe tip can go beyond the highly sensitive 45 degree tip. Controlling the active length of the tips can be achieved through a combination of taper angles and 45 degree tip size, with larger tips having shorter active lengths. The full scale bubbly flow measurements were performed on a 6 m flat bottom survey boat. The aforementioned quantities were measured on bubbles naturally entrained at the bow of the boat. Probes were positioned at the bow of the boat, near the entrainment region and at the stern where the bubbles exit after having interacted with the high shear turbulent boundary layer. Experiments were conducted in fresh water, at the Coralville Lake, IA, and salt water, at the St. Andrews Bay and Gulf Coast near Panama City, FL. The results indicate that the bubbles interact significantly with the boundary layer. At low speeds, in fresh water, bubble accumulation and coalescence is evident by the presence of large bubbles at the stern. At high speeds, in both fresh and salt water, bubble breakup dominates and very small bubbles are produced near the hull of the boat. It was observed that salt water inhibits coalescence, even at low boat speeds. Void fraction was seen to increase with boat speeds above 10 knots and peaks near the wall. Bubble velocities show slip with the wall at all speeds and exhibit large RMS fluctuations, increasing near the wall.
220

Momentstyv anslutning mellan vägg och gavelspets i trämoduler / Moment stiffness in connection between wall and gable tip in wooden modules

Cicek, David, Eklund, Jennifer January 2019 (has links)
Studien omfattar anslutningen mellan vägg och gavelspets i ett prefabriceratenplanshus i trä. Huset är uppbyggt av saxtakstolar och få innerväggar för attdärigenom erhålla en öppen planlösning. Det medför att stabiliserandebyggnadsdelar saknas och horisontella vindlaster ger då upphov till oacceptabeltstora utböjningsdeformationer på anslutningen. Syftet är att undersöka kapaciteten med avseende på moment, vindlast ochspännvidd i de befintliga lösningarna samt presentera en alternativ lösning somskulle kunna vara praktiskt tillämpbar. Utefter detta uppnås målet som är att lyftafram de parametrar som påverkar utböjningen. Befintliga lösningar med förstärkning av balkar i materialet Kerto-S som ökarböjstyvheten undersöktes och analyserades. Två alternativa lösningar som klararutböjningskravet för en längre spännvidd dimensionerades. Den första alternativa lösningen innefattar förutom två horisontella Kertobalkaräven en invändigt stående Kertopelarbalk som delvis kompenserar för avsaknadenav stabiliserande innerväggar. I den andra alternativa lösningen placeras fyra mindreKertopelarbalkar i väggkonstruktionen vilket gör att den horisontella vindlastenomfördelas. Gemensamt för de båda lösningarna är att anslutningsbalken fördelarvindlasten till en eller flera pelarbalkar som verkar avstyvande för konstruktionen. / This study embrace the connection between wall and gable tip in a prefabricatedsingle storey house in a wooden construction. The house is built by scissor trussesand few interior walls to achieve open floor plans. This causes that stabilizingbuilding components are missing and the effect of horizontal wind loads is causingunacceptable large deflection deformation in the connection. An existing solutionusing a Kerto beam which increase the bending stiffness was investigated andanalyzed. The purpose of this work is to examine the capacity in the existing solutions and topresent an alternative solution that could be practical applicable. With thatknowledge accomplish the goal that is to emphasize the parameters that affects thedeflection. Two alternative solutions that meets the deflection requirements for a longer spanwere designed. The first alternative solution contains, except for two Kerto beams,also an interior standing beam which partly make up for the lack of stabilizinginterior walls. In the second alternative solution, four smaller columns are locatedinside the wall construction to redistribute the load. Common for the both solutionsis that the connection beam obtains a smaller span by adding columns which insome extent constitute a stabilizing component.

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