<p>Products are displayed in a shelf to market and sell to the public. It creates an interest and attracts people towards it. Likewise, any country or city can showcase itself by using Web over the internet which will attract the tourists from around the world. This example can be used for the city of Hyderabad. Hyderabad has truly become an international city and there are many multinational companies establishing themselves. It is rapidly becoming a hot spot for tourists from around the world because of its exotic locations and facilities provided by the government. The city has been famous for historical monuments and culture, but in the recent years it has developed into a world class IT destination for many multinational IT companies and due to this it has attained world recognition on the global scenario. The time is to reap the benefits of this image and promote the city’s tourist sector by globally marketing the tourist attractions, facilities and services in an innovative and better way so that tourists from around the world visit the city and thereby contribute to the country’s economy with the foreign currency.</p><p>This research deals with developing a Web-based GIS application that can promote the city’s tourist activities and also provide the users with an innovative way to access the spatial content of the city. GIS content forms the core component of this application as it provides the users with the spatial information about the place that is very close to reality. It supports the human tendency of “What you see is what you believe” by displaying the spatial information on the map. The application has been developed with the latest mapping server technology provided by Environmental Science Research Institute’s ArcIMS 9.1. This server software provides simple and easy methods to launch a Web-based GIS application over the Internet.</p>

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Mônica Muniz Pinto de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2014. / O Vale Histórico pertence à Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, no Estado de São Paulo, em área limítrofe com o Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Essa região teve grande destaque na economia nacional no período da cafeicultura no século XIX, no entanto, após a decadência desta economia, não teve mais nenhuma atividade econômica de grande relevância. A partir de meados do século XX, o Vale do Paraíba passou por um processo de industrialização que não atingiu o Vale Histórico. Sendo assim, o turismo está sendo adotado como uma nova estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico para a região. Porém, o Vale Histórico como um circuito turístico, ou seja, um instrumento de planejamento territorial, ainda não garante um novo estímulo econômico no local. Adotou-se para esta pesquisa o estudo de caso de São José do Barreiro, visando aprofundar na realidade social com maior eficiência. Análise de dados estatísticos de divulgação ou documentos do IBGE, do SEADE e da EMPLASA permitiram realizar comparações entre os municípios do Vale Histórico e do Vale do Paraíba. Para compreender a realidade do turismo em São José do Barreiro, foram feitas entrevistas com a população que está diretamente envolvida com a atividade turística, como os empreendedores, trabalhadores, agentes públicos e assessoria técnica. Esses relatos evidenciaram diferentes temporalidades da recepção de adventícios a São José do Barreiro, o que permitiu a categorização de momentos diversos do que atualmente tem sido denominado de atividade turística. Ou seja, foi possível perceber que o setor de turismo ainda está em processo de constituição e que os demais agentes, que atualmente buscam se integrar a ele, a rigor ecoam outros momentos do turismo da cidade e que tinham peculiaridades distintas daquele que se pretende impor agora, por meio tanto da prefeitura quanto do agente técnico que a assessora. Desta forma, foi possível perceber como o município recebe essa atividade em seu território e o quanto ela interfere na dinâmica da cidade e de seus moradores. / The so-called Vale Histórico is a tourist circuit located on the Vale do Paraíba which comprising cities of Arapeí, Areias, Bananal, Queluz, São José do Barreiro and Silveiras. The tourist circuit is an instrument of the territorial planning, which was predominant on the coffee business until the XIX century, however, after to the coffee economy downgrade, it has not offered any economic contribution for the region. From the mid-twentieth century the Vale do Paraíba crossed a process of industrialization from which the Vale Histórico did not participate. This caused the tourism has been implemented as a principal source of the economic development in the region. Aware of this feature, we have selected the case study as our research and thus deepen the social reality experienced by people in Sao Jose do Barreiro. Thus, through interviews with the inhabitants we categorize the tourism situations in São José do Barreiro. The interviews scheme has been developed with inhabitants that are directly related to the tourism situation in the region, namely with entrepreneurs¿ workers, government officials and technical advisors. The interviews have shown different temporalities receipt of adventitious to São José do Barreiro, in order to allow the categorization of different times than has currently been called tourism. That is, it was revealed that tourism is still in the process of constitution and the other agents, which currently it seek to integrate, strictly speaking made echo in other city tourism times and had different peculiarities of him that wants to impose now through both the town hall as the technical adviser agent. Thus, it was possible to see how the municipality receives this activity in its territory and how much interferes with the dynamics of the city and its residents.

Products are displayed in a shelf to market and sell to the public. It creates an interest and attracts people towards it. Likewise, any country or city can showcase itself by using Web over the internet which will attract the tourists from around the world. This example can be used for the city of Hyderabad. Hyderabad has truly become an international city and there are many multinational companies establishing themselves. It is rapidly becoming a hot spot for tourists from around the world because of its exotic locations and facilities provided by the government. The city has been famous for historical monuments and culture, but in the recent years it has developed into a world class IT destination for many multinational IT companies and due to this it has attained world recognition on the global scenario. The time is to reap the benefits of this image and promote the city’s tourist sector by globally marketing the tourist attractions, facilities and services in an innovative and better way so that tourists from around the world visit the city and thereby contribute to the country’s economy with the foreign currency. This research deals with developing a Web-based GIS application that can promote the city’s tourist activities and also provide the users with an innovative way to access the spatial content of the city. GIS content forms the core component of this application as it provides the users with the spatial information about the place that is very close to reality. It supports the human tendency of “What you see is what you believe” by displaying the spatial information on the map. The application has been developed with the latest mapping server technology provided by Environmental Science Research Institute’s ArcIMS 9.1. This server software provides simple and easy methods to launch a Web-based GIS application over the Internet.

This Master’s thesis deals with the analysis of current situation in the Czech travel industry and also the analysis of internet advertisement development. On the basis of findings, the work brings the specific proposal, how to effectively present the travel agency offer on the internet.

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries in the world and bears significant weight in global economic terms. However, there are concerns about the sustainability of the industry from an environmental and social/cultural perspective. One of the world’s top ten international tourism destinations, Thailand, had a record-breaking 39 million international tourists in 2019 but is expected to fall to around 14 million in 2020, the lowest level in 14 years, due to COVID-19. These impacts can be especially severe in small tropical islands where the land base is small, resources scarce, and local populations have low incomes and limited opportunities for livelihood diversification. Especially amid a global pandemic and the impending risks of climate change, it is crucial to reset, carefully consider concerns about sustainable tourism development, and move forward with management regimes that better embrace sustainability principles. This thesis examines the application of sustainable tourism using Koh Phangan, Koh Samui, and Koh Tao in the Gulf of Thailand as case studies to aid in sustainability planning for the future, particularly for island tourism destinations. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire administered to 1261 tourists visiting the three islands during the peak tourism season (January to March) of 2018. The findings are presented within this thesis in three papers. The first paper focussed on the behavioral approach and compared visitors to each island, noting differences in tourist demographics, travel characteristics, motivation factors, and areas of management concern identified. The second paper focussed on the limits of acceptable change approach and used cluster analysis of visitor motivations to identify three types of visitors that were described in terms of the specialization concept: Cluster 1 (“very high importance generalists”), Cluster 2 (“high importance generalists”), and cluster 3 (“mixed importance”). While cluster 1 had the greatest mean importance scores for all environmental, social, economic, and logistical factors, it identified the most areas of concern whereas cluster 3 identified the least. The third paper explored scenario planning as a vehicle for sustainable tourism planning on the island of Koh Phangan and was framed within the Tourism Area Life Cycle (TALC), Tourism Opportunity Spectrum (TOS), and Ecotourism Opportunity Spectrum (ECOS) models. Most respondents preferred the “green scenario” in terms of accessibility, amount of visitors, development, food and accommodation, transportation around the island, traffic, waste management, water storage, and the scale of tourism. Collectively, these findings suggest that tourists can play an important role in identifying management priorities and that tourists tend to support a more sustainable tourism industry, as opposed to a focus on “mass tourism”, sometimes referred to as “sun, sea, sand” tourism. The study argues for adopting place-based planning practices and creating educational opportunities to ensure that the benefits of tourism are not outweighed by the costs. Especially as the tourism industry continues to expand, there is often a push to enhance visitation and the economic benefits that tourism provides; however, it is important to consider the environmental, social, economic, and logistical capacities of a tourism destination. / Graduate / 2021-08-21

This diploma thesis deals with effects and consequences of touristification in the spa town of Teplice. The aim of this work is the analysis of current state of Teplice's spa therapy and monitoring of functional changes in the town. The emphasis is placed on activities, relational links and the level of co- operation and attitudes of the main participants in the tourism in the town. An inseparable part is also an opinion poll (investigation) among local residents. The aim of this dissertation is, except for findings and an evaluation of effects of touristification in the area of interest, also the suggestion of steps leading to stabilization and improvement of the situation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Aquesta Societat volia assolir l'objectiu d'incloure Barcelona i per extensió tota Catalunya dins dels circuits europeus de turisme. Creia que el turisme era una forma de modernitzar Catalunya, a més d'una manera d'enriquir-la cultural i econòmicament. I naturalment el referent era Europa perquè representa el desenvolupament industrial, i molt particularment França, que es el mirall on es vol que Catalunya es vegi reflectida, ja que era un dels països que més es preparava pel foment del turisme. Això provocà que conflueixin en aquesta Societat personatges molt compromesos amb aquesta idea de modernització i que bastants estiguessin propers a l'ideari de la Lliga Regionalista de Catalunya. La rellevància d'aquesta Societat es fomentar el turisme quan pocs creien en aquesta activitat, quan tot estava per fer, i emmarcar-la dins d'un projecte més global de modernització de l'economia catalana. / This society aimed at including Barcelona and, by extension, all of Catalonia, within European tours. It believed that tourism was a way to modernise Catalonia in addition to enriching it financially and culturally speaking. It goes without saying that the referent was Europe, envisaged as a symbol of industrial development, and particularly France, which became the mirror on which Catalonia wanted to reflect its own image as it was one of the countries that was already excelling in tourist promotion. This would explain why the society gathered together a number of important people that showed a commitment towards this idea of modernisation, some of them with ideas particularly close to the ideology of the Regionalist League of Catalonia. The importance of this society was the role it played in tourist promotion at a time when only a few believed in the power of this relatively-new practice and to include it within a more general project of modernisation of the Catalan economy.

The tourism industry is an extremely competitive industry which is mainly caused by the ever changing needs of tourists. However, despite the constant change in tourist behaviour, violent terrorist attacks on countries across the globe and the weakening of the world economies, the tourism industry showed significant growth over the last few decades. The fast growth rate of tourism has also lead to the tourist being more aware of ecotourism destinations and the key role these destinations play in conserving the natural and cultural environments in the midst of globalisation and urbanisation. The pressure on ecotourism destinations such as national parks is increasing as more and more natural land are being taken up for urban development. In the case of South African National Parks (SANParks), the decrease in government funding pressurizes the resources and national parks have to identify ways to generate their own income through tourism activities. SANParks manages 22 national parks across South Africa with the aim to conserve South Africa’s biodiversity, provide recreational activities for tourists and build long-term relationships with the local communities to enhance the communities’ quality of life. Hence, in order to remain competitive it is important to determine the parks' competitive advantages. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop a competitiveness model for SANParks by using the Kruger National Park as case study. The Kruger National Park is not only one of the largest and most recognised national parks in the world, but also boasts with a large variety of fauna and flora, variety of accommodation facilities such as bush lodges, chalets and camping facilities as well as various tourist activities. The literature review indicated that destinations differ from each other and therefore ecotourism destinations such as national parks would have a distinct set of competitive advantage factors. However, these factors can only be determined if the needs of tourists are anticipated and park specific products and services are developed to satisfy the needs of visitors to the park and ultimately lead to tourist loyalty. Once a competitive position has been established, a national park can obtain benefits such as an increase in tourist numbers and revenue delivery of high quality products and services at the park as well as trigger a higher quality of life for the local community. If managed accordingly, the park might experience sustainable growth as well as increased profit margins. The data for the study was collected by means of a questionnaire survey at four of the Kruger National Park's rest camps during the period 26 December 2013 and 4 January 2014 which is the festive season in South Africa. The rest camps that were included in this survey were Olifants (74 questionnaires); Skukuza (213 questionnaires); Lower Sabie (98 questionnaires) and Berg-&-Dal (51 questionnaires). A total of 436 completed questionnaires were administered and further analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the respondents while two factor analyses were done on the competitive advantage factors and tourist motives for travelling to the Park. The factor analyses identified five competitive advantage factors of which Wildlife Experiences and Marketing and Branding were regarded as the most important factors. The other three competitive advantage factors were Accommodation and Retail, Visitor Management and Suprastructure and Amenities. Four motivational factors were identified namely Experience and Relaxation, Lifestyle, All-Inclusive Destination and Value. The identified factors were further used in an ANOVA analysis and the results showed that socio-demographic characteristics such as home language, province of residence, level of education and marital status have all significant differences based on the five competitive advantage factors as well as the four motivational factors The t-test analysis presented a few statistical significant differences between the independent variables or group of individuals. These differences were based on the respondents’ demographic and behaviour characteristics with regards to the competitive advantage and motivational factors. However, the strongest statistically significant differences were based on the behavioural characteristics of tourists travelling with children to the Park, Wild card holders, tourist reading magazines, previous visits to the Park and differences between tourists making use of chalets and camping facilities. A Structural Equation Model was applied to confirm the results that were obtained from the analyses. The SEM indicated that tourists’ motivations have a significant influence on the factors that tourists identified as competitive advantage factors for the Kruger National Park. This research made three distinct new contributions. Firstly, competitive advantage factors were specifically identified for ecotourism based destinations such as national parks from a demand side. Also, the tourists motivation for travelling proved to hugely influence these competitive advantage factors. Secondly, a competitiveness model was developed specifically for national parks within South Africa. The proposed model could assist national parks across South Africa to obtain a competitive advantage among its competitors based on park specific factors. Lastly, the concept of competitiveness has not yet been applied within the ecotourism and nature-based tourism destinations context. This study described the concept of competitiveness with the focus on national parks as ecotourism destinations and the aspects that need to be taken into consideration when analysing the concept in such a context. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The tourism industry is an extremely competitive industry which is mainly caused by the ever changing needs of tourists. However, despite the constant change in tourist behaviour, violent terrorist attacks on countries across the globe and the weakening of the world economies, the tourism industry showed significant growth over the last few decades. The fast growth rate of tourism has also lead to the tourist being more aware of ecotourism destinations and the key role these destinations play in conserving the natural and cultural environments in the midst of globalisation and urbanisation. The pressure on ecotourism destinations such as national parks is increasing as more and more natural land are being taken up for urban development. In the case of South African National Parks (SANParks), the decrease in government funding pressurizes the resources and national parks have to identify ways to generate their own income through tourism activities. SANParks manages 22 national parks across South Africa with the aim to conserve South Africa’s biodiversity, provide recreational activities for tourists and build long-term relationships with the local communities to enhance the communities’ quality of life. Hence, in order to remain competitive it is important to determine the parks' competitive advantages. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop a competitiveness model for SANParks by using the Kruger National Park as case study. The Kruger National Park is not only one of the largest and most recognised national parks in the world, but also boasts with a large variety of fauna and flora, variety of accommodation facilities such as bush lodges, chalets and camping facilities as well as various tourist activities. The literature review indicated that destinations differ from each other and therefore ecotourism destinations such as national parks would have a distinct set of competitive advantage factors. However, these factors can only be determined if the needs of tourists are anticipated and park specific products and services are developed to satisfy the needs of visitors to the park and ultimately lead to tourist loyalty. Once a competitive position has been established, a national park can obtain benefits such as an increase in tourist numbers and revenue delivery of high quality products and services at the park as well as trigger a higher quality of life for the local community. If managed accordingly, the park might experience sustainable growth as well as increased profit margins. The data for the study was collected by means of a questionnaire survey at four of the Kruger National Park's rest camps during the period 26 December 2013 and 4 January 2014 which is the festive season in South Africa. The rest camps that were included in this survey were Olifants (74 questionnaires); Skukuza (213 questionnaires); Lower Sabie (98 questionnaires) and Berg-&-Dal (51 questionnaires). A total of 436 completed questionnaires were administered and further analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the respondents while two factor analyses were done on the competitive advantage factors and tourist motives for travelling to the Park. The factor analyses identified five competitive advantage factors of which Wildlife Experiences and Marketing and Branding were regarded as the most important factors. The other three competitive advantage factors were Accommodation and Retail, Visitor Management and Suprastructure and Amenities. Four motivational factors were identified namely Experience and Relaxation, Lifestyle, All-Inclusive Destination and Value. The identified factors were further used in an ANOVA analysis and the results showed that socio-demographic characteristics such as home language, province of residence, level of education and marital status have all significant differences based on the five competitive advantage factors as well as the four motivational factors The t-test analysis presented a few statistical significant differences between the independent variables or group of individuals. These differences were based on the respondents’ demographic and behaviour characteristics with regards to the competitive advantage and motivational factors. However, the strongest statistically significant differences were based on the behavioural characteristics of tourists travelling with children to the Park, Wild card holders, tourist reading magazines, previous visits to the Park and differences between tourists making use of chalets and camping facilities. A Structural Equation Model was applied to confirm the results that were obtained from the analyses. The SEM indicated that tourists’ motivations have a significant influence on the factors that tourists identified as competitive advantage factors for the Kruger National Park. This research made three distinct new contributions. Firstly, competitive advantage factors were specifically identified for ecotourism based destinations such as national parks from a demand side. Also, the tourists motivation for travelling proved to hugely influence these competitive advantage factors. Secondly, a competitiveness model was developed specifically for national parks within South Africa. The proposed model could assist national parks across South Africa to obtain a competitive advantage among its competitors based on park specific factors. Lastly, the concept of competitiveness has not yet been applied within the ecotourism and nature-based tourism destinations context. This study described the concept of competitiveness with the focus on national parks as ecotourism destinations and the aspects that need to be taken into consideration when analysing the concept in such a context. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Pesquisa voltada a avaliar o turismo como vetor de crescimento urbano e socioeconômico do Estado do Ceará, com foco nos empreendimentos turísticos imobiliários implantados e nos investimentos públicos em infraestrutura na zona litorânea, no período entre 1995 e 2010, correspondendo ao início da fase de operacionalização destas atividades na região. Investiga-se se o recente crescimento das atividades turísticas nesta área tem fomentado a economia dos municípios, constituindo-se fator capaz de gerar desenvolvimento para os destinos turísticos. Inicialmente as questões teórico-conceituais são abordadas relacionadas ao turismo e ao desenvolvimento urbano e socioeconômico dos lugares turísticos, a fim de favorecer a compreensão do processo de crescimento da atividade e do processo de implantação de empreendimentos turísticos nas áreas de maior concentração de atratividade turística, ou seja, na zona costeira cearense. As políticas e a legislação voltadas para o turismo no âmbito nacional e local são avaliadas quanto ao processo de incentivo ao turismo e como este se tornou um vetor de desenvolvimento do Ceará. Contempla o município de Beberibe como estudo de caso face à concentração dos empreendimentos turísticos no seu litoral, os quais são mapeados tanto geograficamente como quanto às suas características e relações com o município, no que se refere à evolução decorrente da infraestrutura existente e de indicadores referentes às questões urbanísticas, sociais e econômicas. Foi constatada a vocação natural de Beberibe para o turismo de \"sol e mar\" e o crescimento do fluxo turístico no município, que, aliados, promoveram o desenvolvimento das atividades turísticas, favorecendo a implantação dos equipamentos turísticos e melhores condições de vida à população local. Tais fatos são demonstrados através de confronto dos principais indicadores do município de Beberibe com os demais municípios do Ceará, tais como maiores oportunidades de trabalho e de renda para a população local, inclusive com melhoria na qualificação de infraestrutura; qualificação de infraestrutura urbana no que se refere aos acessos; o aumento do PIB per capita e da arrecadação tributária municipal, entre outros. A justificativa para esse incremento diferencial deve-se em grande parte à contribuição do turismo, confirmando a hipótese proposta, uma vez que não se identificou outro fato gerador capaz de movimentar a economia de Beberibe, além das atividades e serviços envolvidos na cadeia produtiva do turismo. / This research aims to evaluate tourism as a vector for urban and socioeconomic development in the state of Ceará, with focus on the recently implemented touristic real estate projects and public investments in infrastructure on the coastal zone between the years 1995 and 2010, which correspond to the beginning of the operation of such structures. At first, theoretical and conceptual issues related to tourism and urban and socioeconomic development of touristic places are addressed, in order to enhance the understanding of the process of growth of such activity and, as a consequence to that fact, the implementation process of touristic projects in the areas of greater touristic attractiveness, the coastal zone of Ceará. Public policy and legislation aimed at the promotion of tourism in a local and national level are evaluated, taking into consideration the incentives directed towards it and how that practice has become a vector for the development of the state of Ceará. The study has chosen the municipality of Beberibe as a case study because of the concentration of touristic projects on its sea coast. These projects are geographically indicated, and their characteristics and relations with the municipality are addressed, relating the evolution of Beberibe and the current infrastructure to the urban, social and economic indicators. The study has identified the natural potential of the municipality of Beberibe for tourism of \"sun and sea\" and the growth of the flow of tourists to it, which, together, fostered the development of touristic activities, the implementation of touristic infrastructure and ultimately better quality of life to its inhabitants. That effort was made possible through comparison of Beberibe\'s main indicators to the indicators of other municipalities of the state of Ceará, including the quality of urban infrastructure regarding road access, the growth of GDP per capita and local tax revenue, among others. The reason for better indicators was, for the most part, due to the contribution of tourism, which confirmed the stated hypothesis, since there was no other significant fact that could explain the push in Beberibe\'s economy, besides the activities and services of the touristic production chain.