Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Mônica Muniz Pinto de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2014. / O Vale Histórico pertence à Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte, no Estado de São Paulo, em área limítrofe com o Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Essa região teve grande destaque na economia nacional no período da cafeicultura no século XIX, no entanto, após a decadência desta economia, não teve mais nenhuma atividade econômica de grande relevância. A partir de meados do século XX, o Vale do Paraíba passou por um processo de industrialização que não atingiu o Vale Histórico. Sendo assim, o turismo está sendo adotado como uma nova estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico para a região. Porém, o Vale Histórico como um circuito turístico, ou seja, um instrumento de planejamento territorial, ainda não garante um novo estímulo econômico no local. Adotou-se para esta pesquisa o estudo de caso de São José do Barreiro, visando aprofundar na realidade social com maior eficiência. Análise de dados estatísticos de divulgação ou documentos do IBGE, do SEADE e da EMPLASA permitiram realizar comparações entre os municípios do Vale Histórico e do Vale do Paraíba. Para compreender a realidade do turismo em São José do Barreiro, foram feitas entrevistas com a população que está diretamente envolvida com a atividade turística, como os empreendedores, trabalhadores, agentes públicos e assessoria técnica. Esses relatos evidenciaram diferentes temporalidades da recepção de adventícios a São José do Barreiro, o que permitiu a categorização de momentos diversos do que atualmente tem sido denominado de atividade turística. Ou seja, foi possível perceber que o setor de turismo ainda está em processo de constituição e que os demais agentes, que atualmente buscam se integrar a ele, a rigor ecoam outros momentos do turismo da cidade e que tinham peculiaridades distintas daquele que se pretende impor agora, por meio tanto da prefeitura quanto do agente técnico que a assessora. Desta forma, foi possível perceber como o município recebe essa atividade em seu território e o quanto ela interfere na dinâmica da cidade e de seus moradores. / The so-called Vale Histórico is a tourist circuit located on the Vale do Paraíba which comprising cities of Arapeí, Areias, Bananal, Queluz, São José do Barreiro and Silveiras. The tourist circuit is an instrument of the territorial planning, which was predominant on the coffee business until the XIX century, however, after to the coffee economy downgrade, it has not offered any economic contribution for the region. From the mid-twentieth century the Vale do Paraíba crossed a process of industrialization from which the Vale Histórico did not participate. This caused the tourism has been implemented as a principal source of the economic development in the region. Aware of this feature, we have selected the case study as our research and thus deepen the social reality experienced by people in Sao Jose do Barreiro. Thus, through interviews with the inhabitants we categorize the tourism situations in São José do Barreiro. The interviews scheme has been developed with inhabitants that are directly related to the tourism situation in the region, namely with entrepreneurs¿ workers, government officials and technical advisors. The interviews have shown different temporalities receipt of adventitious to São José do Barreiro, in order to allow the categorization of different times than has currently been called tourism. That is, it was revealed that tourism is still in the process of constitution and the other agents, which currently it seek to integrate, strictly speaking made echo in other city tourism times and had different peculiarities of him that wants to impose now through both the town hall as the technical adviser agent. Thus, it was possible to see how the municipality receives this activity in its territory and how much interferes with the dynamics of the city and its residents.

On pourrait dire que le projet de cette thèse consiste à comprendre l’articulation dans l’espace, du tourisme et de la communication dans des situations qui mettent en tension un sujet individuel, dévoilant toute la singularité de son désir dans des récits ou des pratiques et des acteurs collectifs engagés dans les politiques touristiques, les médias et les institutions du tourisme.Notre réflexion s’organise ainsi en suivant les modalités de l’articulation entre ces dimensions réelle, symbolique et imaginaire du tourisme. Dans le champ des SIC et particulièrement grâce à des modèles permettant de formaliser la médiation touristique, notre approche conceptuelle permet d’appréhender les significations du tourisme. Nous modéliserons les composantes, les liens et interrelations de la médiation touristique pour proposer une approche théorique de ce que l’on peut appeler la signification touristique de l’espace.En premier lieu, nous abordons les définitions, un état de la recherche en tourisme et le lexique du tourisme par l’étymologie et l’analyse lexicale des termes les plus fréquents : « tour », « tourisme », « touriste », « loisir », « villégiature », « vacances » et « voyage ».En second lieu, nous proposons de poser les bases du champ de la médiation touristique et de montrer que la pratique sociale du tourisme est une médiation. Nous présenterons, commenterons et analyserons, en nous fondant sur un schéma de la médiation touristique, les différentes relations de communication en jeu dans la médiation touristique. Puis nous présenterons les structures de la médiation touristique pour fonder « une théorie critique » de la médiation touristique.Par la suite, nous approfondirons le concept en présentant les opérateurs, les acteurs et les politiques de l’organisation du tourisme, en nous fondant sur l’analyse d’exemples et d’études concernant principalement la médiation et les médiateurs dans le cas de la France pour comprendre comment pratiques et scènes de tourisme s’organisent. Par la suite, nous décrirons et analyserons le système d’information touristique en deux points. Le premier concerne l’énonciation de l’espace produit par le touriste, les touristes et les médiateurs du tourisme (énonciation de la parole du guide par exemple) au travers des récits pluri et multimédias. L’autre concerne la mise en œuvre des stratégies par les destinateurs (opérateurs et acteurs de l’organisation du tourisme privés et publics) au travers des médias du tourisme (généralistes, spécifiques du tourisme et guide touristiques). Un travail d’analyse de discours porte sur des exemples de documents textuels et/ou iconiques des guides touristiques et des labels touristiques. / It may be said that this thesis aims at understanding the spatial articulation between tourism and communication in such situations as those in which an individual subject – expressing the whole peculiarity of his or her desire through telling or practices – and collective actors are brought together.My reflection thus organises itself in accordance with the modalities of the articulation between the three dimensions of tourism: the practical dimension, the symbolic dimension and the imaginary dimension.Tourist activity consists in travelling and in visiting a site, a place or a destination; tourist mediation means the range of activities that are organised around tourism or those that are associated to it. Tourist mediation concerns the agents and the practices in the field of tourism. In this context, I wish to show that tourist mediation structures the perceptions, the interpretations and the practises of space.I address the definitions; give an overview of academic research on tourism and address the notions of tourism through the etymology of its main words (tour, tourism, and tourist) and through the differences that exist between tourism and other notions similar to it such as leisure, vacations, holiday and travelling. These notions are necessary to the comprehending of tourist mediation.I intend to lay the foundations of the field of tourist mediation and to demonstrate that the social practise of tourism is a form of mediation. I will present the tourist objects that structure the tourist practises of space. The structures of tourist mediation will then be laid; this will enable me to craft a “critical theory” of tourist mediation. With a view to understanding how the practises and the scenes of tourism organise, I will subsequently widen the concept by presenting the operators, the agents and the policies of the tourist organisation; the examples and the studies of the latter are mainly concerned with mediation and mediators in the case of France. I situate tourist mediation in relation to the experience of otherness and to the relationship to the others, to wanderlust, to the tourist imagination and to cultural imagination too. I then describe and give a two-point analysis of the tourist information system. The first point is concerned with the enunciation of space produced by the tourist, the tourists and by the tourist mediators (the enunciation of the guide’s discourse for instance) through various multimedia telling. The second point is concerned with the enunciation, through the tourist media (non-specialised or tourism media, tourist guides), by the speakers (e.g. operators and private or public agents of the tourist organisation) of the communication strategies and of the tourist descriptive signing. This discourse analysis relates to examples of textual and/or iconic documents.

La question de l’aménagement du territoire est constitutive de toute étude portant sur le tourisme. Elle légitime d’une part la prise en considération d’un secteur sous-estimé, et ouvre par ailleurs à la recherche académique un champ d’application privilégié de par ses effets socioculturel, esthétique, technologique et économique tangibles, et sa portée géopolitique. Ainsi notre projet se situe à la confluence de deux orientations complémentaires. La première s’intéresse au développement des connaissances en tourisme, ainsi qu’à celle des schèmes qui progressivement les façonnent, et vise à en dégager un essai de redéfinition du tourisme, à la fois objet et outil de notre réflexion. Le second vecteur de notre recherche est l’application de cet essai de lecture épistémologique à l’étude des évolutions de l’aménagement touristique du territoire, issues des mutations de l’industrie du tourisme, réflexion en prise directe avec l’actualité touristique et aiguillage possible de politiques d’aménagement. À une synthèse des fondements de l’aménagement du territoire, succède une analyse de l’essor de clientèles émergentes dans le contexte positif du tourisme international. Cette occurrence se double de la mutation numérique du marché touristique qui, de par l’expansion des agences et comparateurs de voyages en ligne, réorganise et diversifie les rôles en redéfinissant la chaîne de valeur entre producteurs et distributeurs. Une analyse des évolutions de la station touristique et des stratégies des nouvelles métropoles touristiques finalise notre recherche. L’ensemble cible dorénavant une clientèle aisée, et requalifie le devenir de l’industrie touristique, activité de classe. / The issue of land-use planning is constitutive of any study on tourism. It legitimates consideration of an underrated sector on the one hand, and moreover opens up a field of application to academic research through its tangible sociocultural, aesthetic, technological and economic effects, and geopolitical impact. So our project is located at the confluence of two complementary orientations. The first focuses on the development of tourism knowledge as well as on the patterns that gradually shape them. It aims to highlight a redefinition attempt of tourism both subject and tool of our reflection. The second vector of our research is the application of this attempt of epistemological reading to the study of the developments in the tourist land-use planning, resulting from the changes in the tourism industry, a reflection in tune with the tourist news and possible switchpoint of land-use planning policies. An analysis of the rise of emerging clienteles in the positive context of international tourism succeeds to a summary of the basis for land-use planning. This instance is coupled with the digital mutation of the tourist market which, due to the expansion of agencies and online travel comparators, reorganizes and diversifies roles by redefining the value chain between producers and distributors. An analysis of the tourist resorts developments and of the new tourist metropolis strategies finalizes our research. The whole targets a wealthy clientele, and classifies the fate of the tourism industry as a class activity.