published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

The need for housing developments in South Africa has grown significantly over that last 12 years. On the one end of the scale there is the desperate need for housing by the homeless and on the other end there is substantial growth of the middleclass indicating better buying power and the explosion of the property market that made investment in housing very attractive. Examples of these two parallel levels of housing are the Sipumulele low cost housing development that is situated in the eThekwini Municipality and was developed by government. On the other side of the scale is the upmarket Koelwaters residential development situated on the South Coast of KwaZulu Natal in the Hibiscus Municipality and was developed by a private developer. In conjunction with this demand for housing there is also international pressure to comply with sustainable develop guidelines and approaches. Both these developments are situated on ecological sensitive land. As legal requirements both these developments were required to do scoping reports to assess their environmental impacts. In South African, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for various new developments has been formally required in terms of Legislation for the last 8 years, although the legislation has been in place for the last 16 years. Is this legislation assisting in securing more sustainable development? It is agued that sustainable development should be founded on ecological justice principles. This research explores the concept of ecological justice and how it is linked with sustainable development. It identifies ecological justice principles that should be used in the compilation and assessment of EIAs. The field research explored how decision makers in practise are using the current legislation and if they are at all considering ecological justice in their decision making. This is done though a serious of interviews with the critical decision makers with regard to EIA's and key role players in the development process of specifically the two above mentioned housing projects. During the interviews qualitative questions were asked relating to the developments, the EIA process and ecological justice. There was a focus on interpreting the awareness of decision makers regarding development and layout and on improving developments to determine to what level they follow ecological justice principles. In the broader sense this research is contributing to the understanding of ecological justice and the clarifications of ecological justice principles. It also contributes to understanding the South African housing development context and the movement of South African Developments towards sustainability. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006

La fiscalité de l'urbanisme comporte en son sein les participations en nature. Nous les avons identifiées comme étant les cessions gratuites de terrain et les participations pour la réalisation de travaux.Elles n'ont en réalité aucune des caractéristiques de la fiscalité moderne. Véritables mécanismes,sui generis ces participations ont une nature juridique difficilement indentifiable. Pourtant l'étude de la jurisprudence permet de les requalifier en contrat. En plus de complexifier notre paysage juridique et la matière, les participations en nature sont difficilement conciliables avec certains principes du droit positif, notamment le droit de propriété et le droit des marchés publics. La réforme de la fiscalité de l'urbanisme du 29 décembre 2010 a voulu rendre cette fiscalité plus lisible et plus productive. Cet objectif est en partie atteint. Cette réforme est incomplète puisque certaines participations, notamment celles en nature qui sont les plus critiquables à notre sens, subsistent. Seules les cessions gratuites de terrains de l'article R332-15 du code de l'urbanisme ont été censurées au cours de deux procédures de question prioritaire de constitutionnalité. / The taxation of town planning comprises in its centre the participations in kind. We identified the masbeing the free transfers of ground and the participations for the realization of work. They do not have actually any the characteristics of the modern taxation. Genuine sui generis mechanisms, these participations have a legal nature with difficulty indentifiable. However the study of jurisprudence makes it possible to requalify them in contract. Besides complexing our legal landscape and the matter, the participations in kind are not easily reconcilable with some principles of the substantive law, in particular the property right and the right of the public contracts. There form of the taxation of the town planning of December 29th, 2010 wanted to make this taxation more readable and more productive. This goal is partly achieved. This reform is incomplete since some participations, in particular those in kind which are most criticizable with our direction, remain. Only the free transfers of grounds of the R332-15 article of the code of town planning were censured during two procedures of priority question of constitutionality.

Cette thèse présente les résultats des recherches réalisées sur l'architecture du centre monumental municipal et religieux de la cité antique d'Apta Iulia (Apt). Colonie latine créée vraisemblablement sous l'impulsion de Jules César et finalisée par Octave-Auguste durant le Ier siècle avant. J.- C., ses vestiges sont disséminés à l'intérieur des caves du centre ancien de la ville d'Apt. Nous nous sommes attachés à en définir la chronologie couvrant les périodes correspondant à sa mise en œuvre jusqu'à son devenir à l'intérieur des constructions modernes du centre ville. Les principaux édifices étudiés sont : le théâtre antique, sa porticus post scaenam, la possible présence d'une basilica et les principales composantes de son forum (temple et curie). Les résultats sont présentés sous forme de plans de l'ensemble des structures découvertes et par une importante collection de clichés photographiques des principaux édifices de cette panoplie monumentale urbaine gallo romaine. / This dissertation presents the results of research carried out on the architecture of the monumental municipal and religious center of the ancient city of Apta Iulia (Apt). A Latin colony created apparently by the initiative of Julius Caesar and finalized by Octavian-Augustus during the first century B.C., its remains are scattered inside the cellars of the old center of the city of Apt. We have committed ourselves to defining the chronology covering the periods corresponding to its creation up to its presence within modern constructions in the city center. The principal buildings studied are the ancient theatre, its porticus post scaenam, the possible presence of a basilica and the main components of its forum (temple and senate). The results are presented in the form of maps of the group of discovered structures and by a significant collection of photographs of the principal edifices of this monumental urban Gallo-Roman ensemble.

O objetivo dessa dissertação é resgatar, analisar os projetos para Brasília e identificar suas possíveis referências e matrizes urbanísticas. Ao todo serão identificadas 32 (trinta e duas) propostas para a nova capital e analisadas as 25 (vinte e cinco) existentes, concebidas entre os anos de 1927 a 1957. Identifica-se, em decorrência dessa análise, a construção e o registro de uma cultura urbanística nacional, marcada pela pluralidade de referências (matrizes teóricas e práticas, nacionais e internacionais). Esses elementos, presentes nos planos para Brasília, evidenciam a condição dialética das posturas projetuais que colaboraram na formação da identidade nacional. Ao explicitarem esse campo de conhecimento e atuação prática, os planos contribuem para a ilustração de um pensamento heterogêneo e peculiar da disciplina urbanística no Brasil. / The objective of this dissertation is to rescue, to analyze the projects of Brasilia and to identify its possible references and urban origins. At the end, 32 (thirty two) proposals will be identified for the new capital and 25 (twenty five) existing ones, conceived between the years of 1927 and 1957, will be analyzed. As a result of this analysis, it will be identified the construction and the records of a national urban culture, marked by the plurality of references (nationals and internationals theorical matrices and practices). These elements, present in the projects of Brasilia, highlight the dialectic condition of the projects postures that have collaborated in the formation of the national\'s identity. When expliciting this knowledge field and practical performance, the plans contribute for the illustration of a heterogeneous and peculiar thought of the urban discipline in Brazil.

Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo os planos diretores para Goiânia, elaborados na década de 60 pelo arquiteto Luís Saia, e pelo arquiteto Jorge Wilheim consorciado à empresa de engenharia Serete. Analisamos, além do conteúdo de cada plano, a trajetória profissional dos seus autores, a sua contratação e o processo de trabalho que desenvolveram. Para situar estes planos no contexto urbanístico local (Goiânia) e nacional, mostramos como a cidade-nova-planejada construída na década de 30 chegou à década de 60 e qual era o debate urbanístico no Brasil nos anos 50 e 60, destacando a inserção dos arquitetos. Na década de 60 a criação do SERFHAU dá continuidade ao processo de institucionalização do planejamento urbano no Brasil e traz uma mudança muito importante na inserção dos arquitetos neste campo: enquanto na década de 50 estes profissionais começavam a elaborar planos diretores como autônomos, com o SERFHAU os arquitetos passam a compor equipes multidisciplinares de planejamento associadas a empresas de consultoria. Luís Saia e Jorge Wilheim representam estas formas completamente distintas de inserção dos arquitetos no planejamento urbano nos períodos pré-SERFHAU e pós-SERFHAU. / This work has the study object the urban master plans to Goiânia, elaborated of the sixties by the architect Luís Saia and by the architect Jorge Wilheim combined with Serete engineer company. We analyses, besides the content at the each plan, the professional career of both authors, their engagement and the work process that they developed. To situation these plans at the local urban context (Goiânia) and national, we show how the town, planned and built of the thirties, arrives of the sixties and which was the urban debate in Brasil of the fifties and sixties, showing up the architects insertion. Of the sixties, the SERFHAU creation gives continuity to the institutionatization process of the town planning in Brasil and brings a very important change at the architects insertion in this camp: while of the fifties these professionals starts elaborate directors plans like autonomous, with the SERFHAU, the architecs begin to compose a multidisciplinary planning teams in association with consultancy companies. Luis Saia and Jorge Wilheim represents theses completely differents kinds of architects insertion at the town planning in preSERFHAU and postSERFHAU periods.

Esta tese buscou desvendar os mecanismos de suburbanização do capital na metrópole de Fortaleza a partir da incorporação de porções territoriais situadas ao longo da avenida Washington Soares/CE 040, cerca de vinte quilômetros do centro. Os promotores imobiliários as nominaram de Região da Água Fria, contudo a utilização do velho conceito geográfico não serve apenas para delimitar uma área de forte produção imobiliária visto que é uma representação de um modo de viver, isto é, um estilo de vida suburbano privado das camadas médias. O fenômeno se manifestou como crescimento da construção de superfícies comerciais (shopping centers, supermercados e torres de escritório) e residenciais (condomínios residenciais horizontais e verticais), todavia refletir sobre essa temática exigiu conceder uma centralidade ao consumo produtivo do espaço. O local de reprodução da vida encontra-se esvaziado das suas dimensões qualitativas, alienado e estranhado do homem, portanto na condição de pura lógica. Nessa situação, possui um equivalente em mercadoria e atende as suas próprias necessidades, o que retroalimenta a urbanização capitalista que se move a nível mundial e se sustenta em estratégias, reunindo capitais nacionais e internacionais, portanto a acumulação articula diferentes escalas. Desse modo, o andar para o leste significou o deslocamento do valor em busca da sua reprodução, ainda que fictícia, em todos os níveis e recolocou a dialética entre centro (riqueza) e periferia (penúria) na ordem do dia. / This dissertation has sought to unravel the mechanisms of suburbanization of capital in the metropolis of Fortaleza through the incorporation of land portions located along Washington Soares Avenue/CE 040, about twenty kilometers from downtown. Though developers have named the area Região da Água Fria, the use of the traditional geographical concept serves not only to identify an area of strong real estate investment, but also to shape representations of a way of living, that is, the privatized suburban way of living of the middle classes. The phenomenon emerged with the growth in the construction of commercial (shopping malls, supermarkets and offices) and residential (high-rise condos and gated communities) spaces, but reflecting on this issue demanded that we give a central place to the notion of productive consumption of space. The site of the reproduction of daily life is deprived of its qualitative dimensions, alienated and estranged from man, and thus in the condition of pure logic. In these circumstances, it amounts to a commodity that attends its own needs, which reinforces capitalist urbanization, a process that moves on a global level and that relies on strategies that bring together domestic and international capitals in such a way that accumulation produces an articulation of different scales. Thus, the move towards the east amounts to a shift of capital that seeks its own reproduction, even if fictitious, in different levels, and this process has brought the dialectic between center (wealth) and periphery (deprivation) back on the agenda.