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La thèse présentée ici a pour objectif de prendre la mesure de la réception sociale des projets expérimentaux d’architecture pour l’habitat du plus grand nombre, en confrontant les conceptions des architectes aux pratiques habitantes. Pour ce faire, nous avons choisi d’étudier deux modèles de logements collectifs emblématiques du second XXe siècle : les « Unités d’habitation de grandeur conforme » de Le Corbusier et les « Etoiles » de Jean Renaudie. Si la pratique architecturale n’est jamais anodine et inspire des manières d’être et de se comporter en société, la pratique d’habiter n’est pas pour autant figée : elle correspond à l’aptitude des agents sociaux à s’approprier l’espace, elle renvoie aux évolutions générales des modes de vie et des représentations sociales. C’est dans ce rapport entre les intentions du projet d’architecture et « l’habiter » que nous nous livrons ici à une analyse sociologique des usages habitants à la Maison Radieuse de Rezé (Le Corbusier, 1955) et dans l’ensemble Casanova d’Ivry-sur-Seine (Jean Renaudie, 1972). / The aim of this thesis is to estimate the social impact of experimental architectural projects on social housing by confronting the architects' projects with the inhabitants' practices. Thus, we've chosen to study two symbolical collective models of the second part of the twentieth century : "les Unités d'habitation de grandeur conforme" by Le Corbusier and "les Etoiles" by Jean Renaudie. On one side, practising architecture is never innocent : it inspires ways of living and behaving in society. On the other side, being an inhabitant isn't a static state : it corresponds to the social agents' ability to become actors of their space ; it is connected to the general evolutions of lifestyles and social representations. To conclue, considering this connection between the objectives of the architectural projects and the reality of living in them, we are led to think that it could be interesting to evaluate the sociological effects of the experiments of Le Corbusier and Jean Renaudie.

A pesquisa pretende trazer a luz os antecedentes e desdobramentos da atuacao de Joseph-Antoine Bouvard em Sao Paulo, no inicio do seculo XX. O objeto da pesquisa e o duplo papel desempenhado por Bouvard em Sao Paulo, onde desenvolveu, no ambito publico, o chamado Plano Bouvard para Sao Paulo e, no ambito privado, esteeve a frente da criacao da City of San Paulo Improvements and Freehold Land Co. Ltd.. Sao objetivos da pesquisa contribuir para a compreensao do episodio de sua contratacao pela Diretoria de Obras Municipais, esclarecendo as condicoes e repercussoes de sua visita ao Brasil, a partir da experiencia projetual em um meio diverso e distante de seu pais de origem, a Franca. Pretende-se, ainda, esclarecer as razoes das diferencas observadas entre suas propostas bonaerense e paulistana, bem como as elucidar as condicoes que presidiram a criacao da City of San Paulo Improvements. Para a consecucao dos objetivos procedeu- se a confrontacao de varias series documentais, depositadas em diferentes acervos, alem do exame acurado do material grafico relativo ao plano e aos primeiros projetos da companhia imobiliaria, visando a verificacao de seu posicionamento teorico, as bases em que se efetuou a sua contratacao, incluindo os fatos que a antecederam e seu modus operandi, isto e, a maneira como desenvolvia seus projetos. A pesquisa propoe-se a esclarecer e dimensionar o papel de Bouvard na organizacao da City of San Paulo Improvements, que se deu em paralelo ao desenvolvimento do Plano para Sao Paulo. Ainda foi possivel avaliar o quanto os modelos culturais importados pesaram nos projetos desenvolvidos em Sao Paulo, em ambas as esferas, notadamente advindos da Franca, a partir das reformas empreendidas pelo Barao Haussmann e Inglaterra, pelo ideario cidade- jardim. A principal hipotese de trabalho parte da premissa que Bouvard ja detinha um conhecimento previo do contexto brasileiro e para ca se dirige, apos aposentar-se do servico publico frances, afim de prospectar negocios. O recorte cronologico da investigacao corresponde a vida profissional de Bouvard, desenvolvida entre 1964 e 1920. Do ponto de vista espacial, a pesquisa estende-se, na Europa, pela Franca, Belgica, Turquia e, na America do Sul, Argentina, Uruguai e Brasil. No entanto, concentra-se principalmente em Buenos Aires e Sao Paulo. / The research aims to bring to light the history and repercussions of Joseph-Antoine Bouvard brief stay in Sao Paulo, in the early twentieth century. It focuses in the dual role played by Bouvard in Sao Paulo, where he developed, in the public sphere, the so called Bouvard Plan for Sao Paulo whilw, in private, he led the creation of the City of San Paulo Improvements and Freehold Land Co. Ltd. The research intends to contribute to the understanding of the episode of his hiring by the Directorate of Municipal Works, explaining the conditions and consequences of his visit to Brazil, an experience in a diverse environment and so far from his country of origin, France. It is intended also to clarify the reasons for the differences observed between the Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo proposals, as well as clarifying the conditions, which led to the creation of the City of San Paulo Improvements. To achieve the goals we proceeded to the confrontation of several documentary series, stored in different collections, in addition to a thorough examination of graphic material relating to the plan and first projects of the real estate company, in order to check its theoretical position, the basis on which it made its hiring, including the events leading up to it and its modus operandi, that is, how developed their projects. The research aims to clarify the role and scale of Bouvard in the organization of the City of San Paulo Improvements, which took place in parallel to the development of the Plan for Sao Paulo. It was also possible to assess the extent to which imported cultural models weighed in projects developed in Sao Paulo, in both spheres, arising notably from France, from the reforms undertaken by Baron Haussmann and England, the ideas garden city. The main working hypothesis assumes that Bouvard already had prior knowledge of the Brazilian context and forth goes after retiring from the French public service, in order to prospect business. The chronological outline of the research corresponds to the professional life of Bouvard, developed between 1964 and 1920. From the spatial point of view, the research extends from Europe - France, Belgium, Turkey, to South America mainly Argentina and Brazil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T21:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Alfredo Mario Savelli1.pdf: 1980979 bytes, checksum: 2aec36a98e9f1a9e85c88347c77b33ee (MD5) Alfredo Mario Savelli2.pdf: 2017555 bytes, checksum: a8aa0f77e155418e983556fc62928264 (MD5) Alfredo Mario Savelli3.pdf: 2367603 bytes, checksum: bd64234c123cd20492979ee43724b4e3 (MD5) Alfredo Mario Savelli4.pdf: 1310476 bytes, checksum: 18fe096b18e706a502e50d7230556279 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-18 / The 2002 Master Plan in São Paulo establishes guidelines for the fair and effective use and occupation of land, applying instruments that allow new urban intervention. It grants additional rights to the legislation of municipal zoning with issuance of onerous concession or the auction of Certificates of Special Urban Zoning, traded at Stock Exchange. This generates off taxes revenues with the participation of private initiative, motivated by an dynamic real estate market. These off taxes revenues are important to supplement the budgetary resources that have been insufficient to meet the population needs, which have no financial capacity to accept any increase in compulsory taxation. This thesis introduces strategies to consolidate and overcome the actual constraints, enhancing this process in urban benefit that comprises: infrastructure, environmental preservation and quality of life, as it was achieved in other important city, such Vancouver, Canada. / O Plano Diretor 2002 em São Paulo estabelece diretrizes para o uso e ocupação do solo, contendo instrumentos que permitem intervenções urbanísticas, como a concessão de direitos adicionais à legislação municipal de zoneamento, com a emissão de outorga onerosa e o leilão de CEPACs das Operações Urbanas pelo BM&FBovespa. Assim, podem ser gerados recursos extra tributários através da participação da iniciativa privada motivada pelo dinâmico mercado imobiliário. Estes valores extra tributários são importantes para suplementar os recursos orçamentários insuficientes para atender às necessidades da população, que não tem capacidade financeira para aceitar qualquer aumento na tributação compulsória. Esta tese apresenta estratégias para consolidar e superar os atuais limites, promovendo este processo em benefício urbanístico, compreendendo: infra-estrutura, preservação ambiental e qualidade de vida, a exemplo do realizado em outro centro importante, como Vancouver, no Canadá.